This week covers the recent UN political declaration on pandemic readiness, new efforts from the US Government to combat antibiotic resistance, the Sunak ministry’s increasing concerns about the potential misuse of AI to, among other things, aid in biological weapons development, and more. Several new publications and exciting upcoming events are also included. Finally, whether you’re celebrating Chuseok, Tsukimi, Tết Trung Thu, the Mid-Autumn Festival, or perhaps just enjoying tonight’s beautiful moon-have a great holiday weekend!
Join Us on October 5 for a Virtual Schar School Open House
“Prospective students are invited to attend a virtual open house to learn more about the Schar School of Policy and Government and our academic programs. During this online session, you will have the opportunity to hear from our Graduate Admissions Team about the Schar School and applying to graduate and certificate programs, as well as from program faculty about our graduate programs.”
This includes the Biodefense MS, which is available both online and in person.
Register here for this virtual open house taking place on October 5 at 7 pm EDT.
UN Approves Political Declaration on Pandemic Readiness
This month, after the UNGA held the first of its kind head-of-state summit on pandemic preparedness, global leaders approved a declaration outlining steps to prepare for the next pandemic. According to CIDRAP, “Among several measures, the declaration recognizes the need for member states to finish work on a Pandemic Accord, a legal instrument that would be used to ensure that countries are better prepared to prevent and respond to future pandemics.
“Work on the Pandemic Accord, designed to ease response problems laid bare by the COVID-19 pandemic, has been under way since February 2022, and a final proposal is due in May 2024…Today’s pandemic declaration also covers population sustainable and equitable access to medical countermeasures, steps to address misinformation, protect health systems, strengthen the World Health Organization (WHO), and boost the healthcare workforce and surveillance efforts.”
WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said in a statement that the declaration was a “historic milestone,” and that “The lived experience of people who suffered through the COVID-19 pandemic must be at the forefront of our minds going forward in order to realize the clear direction provided by world leaders…The devastating impacts of COVID-19 demonstrated why the world needs a more collaborative, cohesive and equitable approach to preventing, preparing for, and responding to pandemics.”
India Battling Nipah Virus Outbreak
An outbreak of Nipah virus is currently on the move in parts of Asia, having spread across India and into other countries including Bangladesh, Malaysia, and Singapore. Nature News reports “In the southern Indian state of Kerala, the bat-borne Nipah virus has infected six people — two of whom have died — since it emerged in late August. More than 700 people, including health-care workers, have been tested for infection over the past week. State authorities have closed some schools, offices and public-transport networks.”
“The Nipah outbreak is the fourth to hit Kerala in five years — the most recent one was in 2021. Although such outbreaks usually affect a relatively small geographical area, they can be deadly, and some scientists worry that increased spread among people could lead to the virus becoming more contagious. Nipah virus has a fatality rate between 40% and 75% depending on the strain, says Rajib Ausraful Islam, a veterinary physician who specializes in bat-borne pathogens at the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, in Dhaka. “Each outbreak is a concern,” he says. “Every outbreak is giving the pathogen an opportunity to modify itself.”’
“The virus can cause fever, vomiting, respiratory issues and inflammation in the brain. It is carried mainly by fruit bats, but can also infect domestic animals such as pigs, along with humans. It spreads through contact with bodily fluids from infected animals or people. There are no approved vaccines or treatments, but researchers are investigating candidates.”
Paul Hunter, a professor of medicine at the University of East Anglia, discussed some of the implications of this outbreak in a piece for the Conversation, writing in part “Although the Nipah virus causes a deadly infection there is no evidence that it is likely to spread widely outside of areas where people or their livestock come into contact with infected bats. However, outbreaks of Nipah virus may be another indication that habitat loss as a result of human incursion forces greater contact between humans and animals increasing the risk of animal-to-human transmission.”
Nature News discussed some ways of addressing this problem, writing “A key step in preventing outbreaks of Nipah and other bat-borne viruses is developing better ways of managing wildlife that lives close to communities, says Andrew Breed, a veterinary epidemiologist at the University of Queensland near Brisbane, Australia. Studies on Hendra virus — another bat-borne pathogen that’s closely related to Nipah — suggest that infected bats shed more virus particles when they’re stressed3, increasing the chance that the disease will spill over into domestic animals, and then on to humans, says Breed. One approach that could go a long way towards heading off future outbreaks is to restore forest areas to improve bat habitats, which would provide them with more a reliable food source and reduce the risk of spillover, says Breed.”
“Another way to reduce the risk of bat-borne diseases spreading to humans is to plant more trees that produce fruit that is appetizing to bats but not to humans, says Islam. This could help to keep infected bats from contaminating food. “We need to learn how to live safely with bats,” he says.”
As of September 22, six people were infected, two of whom are now dead and the rest of which were reported to have recovered early this morning. Nipah virus has a fatality rate somewhere between 40 and 75%.
ARPA-H Announces the Defeating Antibiotic Resistance through Transformative Solutions Project
The US Department of Health and Human Services announced this week via the Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health (ARPA-H) that it will launch a new project aimed at fighting the growing threat of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. AMR infections are a leading cause of death globally, accounting for more than 2.8 million infections in the US annually and over 35,000 deaths, according to the CDC’s 2019 Antibiotic Resistance Threat Report.
ARPA-H said in a statement, “To combat this crisis, ARPA-H is funding through its Open Broad Agency Announcement (Open BAA) the Defeating Antibiotic Resistance through Transformative Solutions (DARTS) project. DARTS focuses on developing a set of diagnostic and experimental platforms that that can reveal insights into how antibiotic resistance starts, search for new antibiotics, and rapidly identify the right antibiotic to prescribe for a particular infection in real time.”
“This initiative complements activities funded by other federal research and development agencies by taking a unique approach to develop an ultra-high-speed screening system that analyzes billions of bacteria individually. The technology, if successful, could rapidly identify bacteria that can evade antibiotic treatments and quickly find the right compound to treat a specific infection. The goal is to create a platform that can be easily employed at any hospital or clinic and would advance U.S. government efforts on surveillance and stewardship.”
“DARTS will aid in the stewardship of current antibiotics helping to ensure that patients get the antibiotics they need and not ones that they do not need. This is a critical component of the strategy to preserve the effectiveness of antibiotics over time and slow resistance to these drugs. The DARTS project further aims to serve as a rapid platform for the discovery of new antibiotics from natural samples. Harvard Medical School in Cambridge, Massachusetts leads the multi-institution research team under an agreement of up to $104 million.”
“The ARPA-H Open BAA seeks transformative ideas for health research or technology breakthroughs. Continued support of each award is contingent on projects meeting aggressive milestones. The Open BAA began accepting abstracts in March 2023 and is open until March 2024. Projects will be funded on a rolling basis. To learn more about projects as they are awarded, visit https://arpa-h.gov/engage/baa/awardees/.”
DOD Releases Unclassified Version of 2023 Strategy for Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction
This week, DOD released the unclassified version of its 2023 Strategy for Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction (CWMD). According to the Department, “The 2023 DOD CWMD Strategy seeks to account for current and emerging WMD challenges and threats, and provide tailored methods to address them. The Department will account for WMD threats holistically to prevent, mitigate, withstand, operate through, and recover from WMD attacks in close consultation with Allies and partners.”
‘”This Strategy lays the foundation for the Department to confront the complex and demanding challenges presented by WMD,” wrote Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin in the Secretary’s Foreword.”
“In line with the 2022 National Defense Strategy, the CWMD Strategy recognizes the People’s Republic of China as the pacing challenge, Russia as the acute threat, and the DPRK, Iran, and violent extremist organizations as persistent threats.”‘
“Recognizing that different actors and threat modalities pose distinct challenges, the CWMD Strategy outlines a strategic approach that requires tailored investments and actions to address each challenge. The CWMD Strategy explains how the Department will align authorities, operations, activities, and investments based on the DoD’s unique current and emerging CWMD needs.”
‘”This Strategy reinforces other guidance provided in the Nuclear Posture Review, the Missile Defense Review, and the Biodefense Posture Review by clarifying the role of the CWMD mission within the Department’s overall approach to integrated deterrence and conflict,” said Secretary Lloyd Austin, “I am confident that the Department possesses the ingenuity and determination necessary to outpace current and future threats.”‘
This strategy replaces the 2014 Strategy for CWMD. It is available here.
UK Government Concerned About AI’s Potential to Create Advanced Weapons, Seek to Build Global Consensus Ahead of November AI Safety Summit
Members of the British government are reportedly touring the world aiming to build consensus over a joint statement warning about rogue actors using AI to cause large-scale death and destruction. This comes ahead of the first AI Safety Summit the UK will host in November that will focus in part on misuse risks, “…for example where a bad actor is aided by new AI capabilities in biological or cyber-attacks, development of dangerous technologies, or critical system interference. Unchecked, this could create significant harm, including the loss of life.”
The Guardian reports that PM Sunak and many in Downing Street are increasingly concerned about these risks and are looking to determine how best to address them through regulation. The same piece explains that “Government sources worry that a criminal or terrorist could use AI to help them work out the ingredients for a bioweapon, before sending them to a robotic laboratory where they can be mixed and dispatched without any human oversight.”
“Several world leaders are due to attend the summit, including Canada’s prime minister, Justin Trudeau, and the French president, Emmanuel Macron. The UK has invited China to attend, but is considering allowing officials from Beijing to attend only part of the summit, amid concern about Chinese espionage in western democracies.”
“Gain-of-Function Pathogen Research is Controversial and Widespread. Can It Be Regulated?”
The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists’ Matt Field tackles growing public concerns about Gain-of-Function research and challenges in regulating this hot-button topic in this piece. He explains that “Gain of function essentially means giving an organism a new property or enhancing an existing one. In the new study, Georgetown researchers looked at 7,000 English-language scientific papers published between 2000 and 2022 that involved manipulating pathogens. They then selected a representative sample of 488 of the articles to characterize gain-of-function research overall. More than half the publications involved US-affiliated researchers, followed by 21 percent that involved China-affiliated scientists. About a quarter of the studies were related to vaccine development. And less than 1 percent involved pathogens that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends be studied under the highest level of biosafety.”
He further explains the increasingly political nature of this debate, writing “In Florida, Gov. Ron DeSantis, who has made opposition to the public health and scientific establishment his calling card during a bid for the Republican presidential nomination, announced a ban on enhanced potential pandemic pathogen research in May. Other states, including Texas and Wisconsin, are considering their own restrictions.”
“The Georgetown report echoes concerns that new regulations could stifle important research. Gain of function will be difficult to regulate, it argues, because of its use in public health research and because it involves experiments utilizing different technologies and techniques. The study also looked at so-called “loss-of-function” research, which could be affected by new regulations on gain-of-function experiments, even though it doesn’t involve enhancing a pathogen’s capabilities.”
“Congressional Staffers Create Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. And That’s a Good Thing”
Allison Berke and Jassi Pannu recently published this piece in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists covering programs run by Stanford University and the Institute for Progress that aimed to introduce congressional staffers to synthetic biology because of their involvement in regulating lab work and making biosecurity policy. They explain the rationale for the programs, writing “Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, biosecurity education and training remains a niche activity that has yet to reach the variety of programs or breadth of scholarship that nuclear security has attained in the United States. According to the Peace and Security Funding Map project, 17 US-based organizations received philanthropic funding specifically for nuclear security issues in 2021, while just seven received funding specifically for biosecurity. Funding for biosecurity education and policy-focused work is highly concentrated. It comes from a small handful of funders, and the academic programs receiving the most funding are all in the DC area, limiting the reach of biosecurity-specific programs and courses. Along with task-specific education, such as for health care workers exposed to disease or laboratory personnel working with hazardous pathogens, the COVID-19 response has demonstrated the need for policy makers to have a broader understanding of the technologies they are tasked with regulating and developing, which many have likely never touched.”
Read more about how staffers gained knowledge of a number of pressing topics in this piece available here.
CEPI’s “The Viral Most Wanted”
The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) is currently releasing installments of its Viral Most Wanted series. The organization explained this week: “There are 25 or so viral families known to have viruses that can infect people and spark epidemics and pandemics. Follow CEPI’s investigators as we explore these viral threats to humankind; join us as we explore The Viral Most Wanted.”
“Throughout history, disease detectives have been on the hunt for The Viral Most Wanted – mapping out prime suspects in each family, deciphering how they spread, investigating who or what they infect, and, in some cases, using that knowledge to develop protective vaccines.”
“By gathering critical intelligence about these viral families, combining global resources, and harnessing the latest advances in vaccine science, the world can get ahead of the next Disease X threat before it becomes a deadly pandemic.”
“Written by Kate Kelland, CEPI’s Chief Scientific Writer and author of DISEASE X – The 100 Days Mission to End Pandemics, the series seeks to deepen our understanding of the families of viruses that pose the greatest risk to human life.”
“Starting with the Flavivirus and Paramyxovirus families, the hunt begins for The Viral Most Wanted.”
Two entries are now available, one focused on the Paramyxoviruses and one on the Flaviviruses.
“Assessing and Improving Strategies for Preventing, Countering, and Responding to Weapons of Mass Destruction Terrorism, Biological Threats: Proceedings of a Workshop-in-Brief”
From NASEM: “In December 2020, Congress passed the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, which includes a request for a National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine effort to address the adequacy of strategies to prevent, counter, and respond to weapons of mass destruction (WMD) terrorism, and identify technical, policy, and resource gaps. The assessment encompasses both state-sponsored and non-state actor terrorism and acquisition or misuse of technologies, materials, and critical expertise involved in conducting WMD attacks. In response to this request, the National Academies held a virtual workshop on July 25, 26, and 27, 2022, focusing on attribution, threats of mis- and disinformation campaigns, and policy and programmatic gaps critical for countering biological terrorism. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief provides a summary of the topics addressed at the workshop.”
“How COVID-19 is Reshaping U.S. National Security Policy”
GIT’s Margaret Kosal recently published this article in Politics and the Life Sciences; “In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the United States is actively reshaping parts of its national security enterprise. This article explores the underlying politics, with a specific interest in the context of biosecurity, biodefense, and bioterrorism strategy, programs, and response, as the United States responds to the most significant outbreak of an emerging infectious disease in over a century. How the implicit or tacit failure to recognize the political will and political decision-making connected to warfare and conflict for biological weapons programs in these trends is explored. Securitization of public health has been a focus of the literature over the past half-century. This recent trend may represent something of an inverse: an attempt to treat national security interests as public health problems. A hypothesis is that the most significant underrecognized problem associated with COVID-19 is disinformation and the weakening of confidence in institutions, including governments, and how adversaries may exploit that blind spot.”
“Allied Joint Publication-3.23, Allied Joint Doctrine for Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction in Military Operations”
From the UK Ministry of Defence: “Allied Joint Publication (AJP)-3.23, Allied Joint Doctrine for Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction in Military Operations (Edition A Version 1) provides guidance to military authorities and informs North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) political and civil authorities of their recommended roles in CWMD efforts within a joint and multinational framework…AJP-3.23 issues guidance to NATO commanders and staffs on their CWMD authorities at the strategic and operational level and also informs NATO political and civil authorities of their proposed roles.”
In the Room with Peter Bergen– “Episode 23: 1-on-1 with Robert F. Kennedy, Jr.”
“RFK, Jr.’s views on vaccines and penchant for questioning official narratives have kept him on the fringes of American politics for years. His blistering critiques of the Biden Administration on everything from the pandemic to the war in Ukraine have earned him praise from Republicans. Now, he’s running to beat President Biden in the Democratic primaries. In this lengthy sit-down, Peter probes Kennedy’s unrelenting skepticism about a wide range of issues.”
CNN national security analyst Peter Bergen “probes Kennedy’s unrelenting skepticism about a wide range of topics,” including his infamous opinions on vaccines in addition to those on the war in Ukraine, 9/11, and the moon landing in this episode of his podcast.
A fair warning, however, as this episode includes things like the use of the term “the Ukraine” and multiple statements that are false or offensive in nature, such as this one in which Kennedy compares pandemic restrictions to the Holocaust: “Even in Hitler’s Germany, you could, you could cross the Alps into Switzerland. You can hide in an attic like Anne Frank did. I visited, in 1962, East Germany with my father and met people who had climbed the wall and escaped. So it was possible. Many died doing it, but it was possible. Today, the mechanisms are being put in place that will make it so none of us can run.”
NEW: Advancements and Challenges in Biosafety and Biosecurity Oversight in the United States
From the Harvard Kennedy School’s Belfer Center: “The life sciences are fundamental to driving scientific progress, benefiting everything from public health to agriculture and environmental preservation. Yet, it is vital to recognize and mitigate potential risks, especially in the realms of biosafety and biosecurity. Join us for a discussion with moderator, Dr. Syra Madad with a panel of experts as we dive into the nuances of research oversight policies such as the policies for oversight of Dual Use Research of Concern (DURC) and the Potential Pandemic Pathogen Care and Oversight (P3CO) Policy Framework.”
This online event will take place on October 5 at 10 am EST, and it will feature GMU’s Biodefense Graduate Program Director, Dr. Gregory Koblentz, as a panelist. RSVP here.
NEW: Advancing One Health in the United States through Interagency Collaboration
“The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the Department of the Interior (DOI) are hosting two informational webinars to brief the public on the recently published Federal Register Notice for the draft National One Health Framework to Address Zoonotic Diseases and Advance Public Health Preparedness in the United States: A Framework for One Health Coordination and Collaboration across Federal Agencies (NOHF-Zoonoses).”
This will include a briefing for state, local, and tribal officials on October 3 at 10 am EST (valid government email address required), as well as public ones on October 13 at 12 pm EST and October 19 at 3 pm EST.
NEW: Lessons Learned from the Pediatric Tripledemic: Systems, Staff, Space, and Supplies
“The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response, Technical Resources, Assistance Center, and Information Exchange (ASPR TRACIE) and ASPR’s Pediatric Disaster Care Centers of Excellence invite you to “Lessons Learned from the Pediatric Tripledemic: Systems, Staff, Space, and Supplies,” where panelists will share lessons learned from the 2022 2023 pediatric surge due to influenza, COVID-19, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Participants will learn about successes and challenges in information sharing, the use of specialty resources in response (e.g., Medical Operations Coordination Centers), augmenting staff, the use of telemedicine, and coordination with supply chain and coalition partners on medication shortage solutions. These findings can help participants prepare for and respond to future surge events.”
Register here for this event taking place on October 17 at 1 pm EST.
Medical Countermeasures-Expanding Delivery and Increasing Uptake Through Public-Private Partnerships Upcoming Workshop Series
“WORKSHOP SERIES: Medical Countermeasures- Expanding Delivery and Increasing Uptake Through Public-Private Partnerships: A Workshop Series
WHEN: October 3, 12, 17, 26, and November 2, 2023
The National Academies Forum on Medical and Public Health Preparedness for Disasters and Emergencies will host a series of virtual public workshops to examine lessons learned and future opportunities for public-private partnerships to facilitate delivery, monitoring, uptake, and utilization of medical countermeasures to the public during a public health emergency.
The workshop will be accessible via webinar. Learn more on the project page.”
2nd International One Health Conference
“Health is a key aspect of our modern society that requires a multidisciplinary approach and that needs to bring together professionals, academics and decision makers in order to bridge the gap between current scientific knowledge and policies.”
“The Conference aims to activate synergic dialogues among disciplinary research fields and action domains among researchers, experts and students.”
“The One health conceptual framework and the possible contribution from the One Health approach in the urban resilience capacities enhancement will be the core of the congress dialogues.”
“The international One Health Conference 2022 will be in hybrid form from 19 to 20 of October at the Colegio de Medicos in Barcelona.”
Learn more and register here.
2023 EPA International Decontamination Research and Development Conference-“Advancing Preparedness through Science and Collaboration”
“The clean-up of chemical, biological, or radiological (CBR) contamination incidents and natural disasters is a critical challenge for the United States. Understanding how to characterize and remediate affected areas of environmental contamination and waste is necessary for daily life to return.”
“The Decon Conference is designed to facilitate presentation, discussion, and further collaboration of research and development topics focused on an all-hazards approach to remediate contaminated indoor and outdoor areas, critical infrastructure, water distribution systems, and other environmental areas/materials.”
“This conference is free and open to the public. Content and presentations are geared towards the emergency response community, including local and state emergency mangers, homeland security officials, first responder coordinators, private sector industry, risk managers, educators in the field of emergency management, and others.”
This event will take place December 5-7 in Charleston, SC. Learn more and register here.
61st ISODARCO Course: Nuclear Order and International Security after Ukraine
“The war in Ukraine has had an enormous impact on global security, reviving nuclear fears, undermining the prospects for arms control, and shattering many of the norms and constraints that were the foundation of European security. ISODARCO 2024 will examine the global nuclear order in light of the Ukraine war, focusing on the states, the policies and the technologies that will shape the future in a much more difficult environment. How will we cope with this more dangerous world?”
This course will take place January 7-14, 2024, at the University of Trento. Learn more and register here.
Registration for GHS 2024 Now Open
Registration is now open for the Global Health Security 2024 conference in Sydney, Australia. This iteration will take place 18-21 June, 2024. The call for abstracts is also still open. “The mission of the Global Health Security conference is to provide a forum where leaders, researchers, policy-makers, and representatives from government, international organisations, civil society, and private industry from around the world can engage with each other, review the latest research and policy innovations, and agree solutions for making the world safer and healthier. To that end, our mission is to help foster a genuinely multidisciplinary community of practice that is committed to working collaboratively to enhance global health security and eliminate disease, irrespective of its origin or source.”
Notice with Comment Period: National One Health Framework To Address Zoonotic Diseases and Advance Public Health Preparedness in the United States: A Framework for One Health Coordination and Collaboration Across Federal Agencies
“The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), announces the opening of a docket to obtain comment on the draft National One Health Framework to Address Zoonotic Diseases and Advance Public Health Preparedness in the United States: A Framework for One Health Coordination and Collaboration across Federal Agencies (NOHF-Zoonoses). As directed by Congress through the House Appropriations Committee report accompanying the 2021 omnibus appropriations bill and the 2023 Consolidated Appropriations Act, CDC has partnered with the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and other departments and agencies to develop this One Health framework to address zoonotic diseases and advance public health preparedness. This framework will facilitate One Health collaboration for zoonotic disease prevention and control across the United States Government for the next five years. It describes a common vision, mission, and goals for key federal partners involved in implementing a One Health approach to address zoonotic diseases and advance public health preparedness in the United States.”
“You may submit comments, identified by Docket No. CDC–2023–0075 by either of the methods listed below. Do not submit comments by email. CDC does not accept comments by email.”
• Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://www.regulations.gov. Follow the instructions for submitting comments.
• Mail: RE: NOHF-Zoonoses Public Comments, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop H16–5, Atlanta, Georgia 30329.
“Instructions: All submissions received must include the agency name (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) and Docket Number. All relevant comments received will be posted without change to http://regulations.gov, including any personal information provided. For access to the docket to read background documents or comments received, go to http://www.regulations.gov.”
One Health Day is Coming!
“Initiated in 2016 by the One Health Commission, the One Health Platform, and the One Health Initiative Team, International One Health Day is officially celebrated around the world every year on November 3. The One Health Platform closed its doors in 2021 so One Health Day was overseen in 2021 and 2022 by the One Health Commission and One Health Initiative Autonomous team.”
“The goal of One Health Day is to build the cultural will necessary for a sea change in how planetary health challenges are assessed and addressed and how professionals exchange information across disciplines. One Health Day brings global attention to the need for One Health collaborations and allows the world to ‘see them in action’. The One Health Day campaign is designed to engage as many individuals as possible from as many arenas as possible in One Health education and awareness events and to generate an inspiring array of projects worldwide.”
“Events do not have to fall right on November 3 but can occur anytime during the calendar year.”
Learn more and register events here.
The Pandora Report 