This week covers the National Institutes of Health’s appointment of a new National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases director, the expiration of the Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards program, growing challenges for ProMED, and the appointment of the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps’ first official mascot. Several new publications and more are also included.
Pawsome News: USPHS Commissioned Corps Announces First Official Mascot, LCDR Abigail 🐾
The US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps recently announced its first official mascot-Lt. Cmdr. Abigail, a Labrador Retriever.
According to HHS, “Lt. Cmdr. Abigail was named after the former First Lady of the United States, Abigail Adams, who has a historical connection to the service. The origin and history of the USPHS Commissioned Corps trace back to July 16, 1798, when Congress passed an Act, signed by President John Adams, creating the US Marine Hospital Service to protect against the spread of disease from sailors returning from overseas ports and thus began the story of the Public Health Service.”
“The concept of the service mascot originated during the COVID-19 pandemic, when Public Health Service officers deployed to respond to the largest public health emergency in modern times. The mascot is intended to improve mental well-being, enhance camaraderie, and assist with public health messaging. When first appointed, the mascot receives an honorary rank in the USPHS Commissioned Corps equal to that of the primary handler.”
Unfortunately for this good girl, “This honorary rank will not include any salary or retirement benefits.”
NIH Taps Jeanne Marrazzo to Lead National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
The National Institutes of Health recently named Jeanne M. Marrazzo, MD as Director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). NIH explained in their press release, “Dr. Marrazzo is currently the director of the Division of Infectious Diseases at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. She is expected to begin her role as NIAID Director in the fall. NIAID conducts and supports basic and applied research to better understand, treat and ultimately prevent infectious, immunologic and allergic diseases.”
“Dr. Marrazzo’s research in discovery and implementation science has focused on the human microbiome, specifically as it relates to female reproductive tract infections and hormonal contraception; prevention of HIV infection using biomedical interventions, including PrEP and microbicides; and the pathogenesis and management of bacterial vaginosis, sexually transmitted diseases in HIV-infected persons and management of antibiotic resistance in gonorrhea. She has been a principal investigator on NIH grants continuously since 1997 and has served frequently as a peer reviewer and advisory committee member. Dr. Marrazzo also has served as a mentor to trainees at all stages of professional development, including on NIH-funded training grants, and was the recipient of the American Sexually Transmitted Diseases Association’s Distinguished Career Award, the highest recognition of contributions to research and mentoring in the field.”
State Department Launches Bureau of Global Health, Security, and Diplomacy
This week, US Secretary of State Anthony Blinken announced that the “State Department is officially launching a new Bureau of Global Heath Security and Diplomacy. The Bureau’s overarching mission is to fortify the global health security architecture to effectively prevent, detect, control, and respond to infectious diseases, including HIV/AIDS. By leveraging and coordinating U.S. foreign assistance, the Bureau aims to foster robust international cooperation, enhancing protection for the United States and the global community against health threats through strengthened systems and policies.”
He explained further that “The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the vital role the United States must play in addressing global health and health security issues. To ensure U.S. leadership is sustained moving forward, the Bureau will provide a unified voice of leadership on global health security and diplomacy, combining strengths, functions, personnel, and resources from various offices.”
“Ambassador-at-Large Dr. John N. Nkengasong, will lead the bureau, serving as Ambassador-at-Large, U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator, and Senior Bureau Official for Global Health Security and Diplomacy, and reporting directly to me.”
“This new Bureau will seamlessly integrate global health security as a core component of U.S. national security and foreign policy, underscoring the Department of State’s commitment to advancing human health worldwide.”
Senate Fails to Reauthorize Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Security Program
The US Senate last week did not pass legislation to reauthorize the Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism (CFATS) program before its July 27, 2023 expiration date. According to Industrial Cyber, “The bill was to extend the authorization of the program of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) until July 27, 2025. The failure of the Senate to reauthorize the CFATS program has significant implications for chemical facility security measures, potentially putting these facilities at risk.”
“Senator Rand Paul, a Republican from Kentucky, blocked the H.R. 4470 bill in the Senate that would re-authorize the U.S. program to address terrorism and site security, allowing it to expire at the end of Thursday…Paul feared that the bill was being rushed through the Senate. He said there were no hearings about CFATS or whether it was effective. “We tend to re-authorise things without ever examining whether they work, what works and what doesn’t work.” He conditioned his support for the re-authorization bill on an amendment that would create what he called a duplicative scoring system for every future proposal brought before legislators. The system would determine how many programs in the bill are duplicated by ones that already exist in the government.”
CISA, which oversees CFATS, explains the program on its site, stating “Under CFATS, a chemical facility is any establishment or individual that possesses or plans to possess any of the more than 300 chemicals of interest (COI) in Appendix A at or above the listed screening threshold quantity (STQ) and concentration. These facilities must report their chemicals to CISA via an online survey, known as a Top-Screen. CISA uses the Top-Screen information a facility submits to determine if the facility is considered high-risk and must develop a security plan. Learn more on the CFATS process webpage.”
“The CFATS regulation applies to facilities across many industries – chemical manufacturing, storage and distribution, energy and utilities, agriculture and food, explosives, mining, electronics, plastics, colleges and universities, laboratories, paint and coatings, and healthcare and pharmaceuticals, among others.”
“Chemical security is not a temporary issue. As threats evolve, CISA is committed to working with stakeholders to protect the nation’s highest-risk chemical infrastructure.”
CISA said in a statement about the expiration, “As of July 28, 2023, Congress has allowed the statutory authority for the Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards (CFATS) program (6 CFR Part 27) to expire.”
“Therefore, CISA cannot enforce compliance with the CFATS regulations at this time. This means that CISA will not require facilities to report their chemicals of interest or submit any information in CSAT, perform inspections, or provide CFATS compliance assistance, amongst other activities. CISA can no longer require facilities to implement their CFATS Site Security Plan or CFATS Alternative Security Program.”
“CISA encourages facilities to maintain security measures. CISA’s voluntary ChemLock resources are available on the ChemLock webpages.”
ProMED On Its Way Out?
ProMED, “the largest publicly-available system conducting global reporting of infectious disease outbreaks,” looks to be in jeopardy as of yesterday. STAT News’ Helen Branswell explained in her reporting that “A number of the senior moderators of ProMED-mail, a program operated by the International Society for Infectious Diseases, posted a letter of protest early Thursday, challenging a recently revealed plan to charge for subscriptions to the service. The group of 21 moderators, who announced they were suspending work for ProMED, expressed a lack of confidence in the ISID’s administrative operations, suggesting ProMED needs to find a new home.”
She explained the importance of this platform further, writing “Prior to its inception in 1994, governments — which often have incentives not to be forthcoming — were the main sources of information about disease events. ProMED takes tips from scientists who can remain anonymous to the general readership — though not the moderators. It was also created at a time when access to the internet and email was just taking off, allowing people from around the world to supply information to its moderators, information those moderators assessed, curated, and sent out to the broader world.”
“In February 2003, it was ProMED that alerted the world to the fact that a new disease that caused pneumonia had started to spread in China’s Guangdong province. That disease became known as SARS — severe acute respiratory syndrome. In September 2012, an Egyptian doctor working in Saudi Arabia wrote to ProMED to reveal he had treated a patient who died from pneumonia triggered by a new coronavirus, a camel virus we now know as MERS — Middle East respiratory syndrome. Just before midnight on Dec. 30, 2019, a ProMED “RFI” post — request for information — was the first warning the outside world received of a fast-growing outbreak in Wuhan, China. That was the start of the Covid-19 pandemic.”
“Chinese Academics Are Becoming a Force for Good Governance”
The Biodefense Graduate Program’s Sonia Ben Ouagrham-Gormley recently co-authored this article alongside Joy Zhang and Kathleen Vogel for Issues in Science and Technology. In it they offer insight into the work of the Chinese scientific community to improve policies guiding responsible research, in contrast to the “Wild East” reputation many attribute to Chinese biosciences research. They write in part “It reflects important changes in the domestic dynamics of Chinese science—particularly the increasingly prominent role of academics. Chinese academics have become a proactive, effective force demanding science governance in China, but international counterparts too often fail to recognize their role and so undermine their efforts. China still has much work to do to develop a trusted and accountable regulatory system worthy of its scientific advancement and ambition, but meaningful, sustainable reforms must come from within the country.”
“Gain-of-Function Research Is About Much More Than Dangerous Pathogens”
Biodefense Graduate Program alumni Saskia Popescu and Yong-Bee Lim recently co-authored this STAT News piece with Angela Rasmussen. They write in part, “However, focusing exclusively on this one type of research has created deep rifts across key communities that balance innovation with safety and security in the life sciences. These rifts have made it almost impossible to have necessary, productive conversations to address global problems while ensuring such work is done safely and securely. Narrowing the definition of gain of function to only pathogen modification that prevents or addresses pandemic-level disease outbreaks is impeding progress in this space.”
They discuss differences in risk tolerance and perspectives on this issue, explaining in their conclusion that “Concepts such as gain of function are exceptionally nuanced, complex, and have even changed over time. This creates perennial, dynamic challenges for the scientific, safety, and security communities to make substantive advances on these issues, let alone the nontechnical policymakers and public. Ultimately, these communities seek the same goal: innovative, safe, and secure life sciences research to help solve critical global issues.”
“Existential Terrorism: Can Terrorists Destroy Humanity?”
The Schar School’s Zachary Kallenborn recently co-authored this article alongside Gary Ackerman for the European Journal of Risk Regulation.
Abstract: “Mass-casualty terrorism and terrorism involving unconventional weapons have received extensive academic and policy attention, yet few academics have considered the broader question of whether such behaviours could pose a plausible risk to humanity’s survival or continued flourishing. Despite several terrorist and other violent non-state actors having evinced an interest in causing existential harm to humanity, their ambition has historically vastly outweighed their capability. Nonetheless, three pathways to existential harm exist: existential attack, existential spoilers and systemic harm. Each pathway varies in its risk dynamics considerably. Although an existential attack is plausible, it would require extraordinary levels of terrorist capability. Conversely, modest terrorist capabilities might be sufficient to spoil risk mitigation measures or cause systemic harm, but such actions would only result in existential harm under highly contingent circumstances. Overall, we conclude that the likelihood of terrorism causing existential harm is extremely low, at least in the near to medium term, but it is theoretically possible for terrorists to intentionally destroy humanity.”
“Coordinating the U.S. Government Approach to the Bioeconomy”
From the Federation of American Scientists: “The bioeconomy touches nearly every function of the U.S. government. The products of the bioeconomy compete in an international marketplace and include medicines, foods, fuels, materials, and novel solutions to broad challenges including climate and sustainability. The infrastructure, tools, and capabilities that drive the bioeconomy must be safeguarded to maintain U.S. leadership and to protect against misuse. The vast scale of these issues requires a cross-governmental approach that draws on input and engagement with industry, academia, nongovernmental organizations, and other stakeholders across the bioeconomy.”
“To achieve a durable and strategic interagency approach to the bioeconomy, the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) should establish and Congress should fund a Bioeconomy Initiative Coordination Office (BICO) to coordinate strategic U.S. government investments in the bioeconomy; facilitate efficient oversight and commercialization of biotechnology products; safeguard biotechnology infrastructure, tools and capabilities; and serve as a focal point for government engagement with nongovernmental partners and experts.”
“Unraveling the Knot: The Complex and Multi-Pronged Negotiations of Global Pandemic Response Reform”
In this Speaking of Medicine piece, PLOS Global Public Health guest contribute Yassen Tcholakov explains “The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the vulnerabilities and shortcomings of the global health system. From strained healthcare infrastructures to inequitable vaccine distribution through a burned out workforce, the crisis has underscored the urgent need for comprehensive pandemic response reforms. In response to these challenges, the world has embarked on one of the most complex processes in recent history: a multi-pronged approach to pandemic response reforms. This approach comprises three key processes: the Intergovernmental Negotiating Body (INB) negotiations for a new Pandemic Treaty, the Working Group on Amendments to the International Health Regulations (WGIHR) working on targeted amendments to the existing regulations, and the United Nations’ High-Level Meeting (HLM) on Pandemic Prevention, Preparedness, and Response (PPR) fostering high-level discussions on pandemic response. This article aims to dissect these intricate negotiations, shedding light on the various facets of this endeavor.”
“EMS Infectious Disease Playbook Version 2.0”
From ASPR TRACIE: “This document was created in 2017 using official or best practice information taken from multiple organizations that was vetted and assembled by subject matter experts working for the Technical Resources, Assistance Center, and Information Exchange (TRACIE) at the request of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response (ASPR). The aim was not to develop novel guidance for emergency medical services (EMS) agencies, but to unify multiple sources of information in a single, concise planning document addressing the full spectrum of infectious agents for EMS agencies developing their service policies. This document does not represent official policy of HHS ASPR or other federal or private agencies.”
“The information contained in this playbook is intended as a planning resource and should be incorporated into agency standard operating procedures and reviewed by the EMS medical director. EMS agencies should review the playbook and understand that while the core principle is preventing exposure to potentially infectious body fluids, there are multiple types of personal protective ensembles that may be appropriate based on the biological threat. Donning and doffing procedures are dependent on the personal protective equipment (PPE) ensemble selected. Appropriate education and training are critical to the success of infection prevention and control protocols. The authors, ASPR TRACIE, and HHS ASPR do not take responsibility or bear liability for any clinical care outcomes, provider injury/illness, or inaccuracies in or resulting from this document. The playbook was revised in 2023 and all recommendations were current at the time of publication and vetted to the best of our ability.”
Trust & Verify Issue Number 172
VERTIC’s latest issue of Trust &Verify is now available here. “The Summer 2023 edition of T&V opens with a lead article examining the effectiveness of the BTWC and CWC for preventing weaponization of toxins and bioregulators. The rest of the edition covers issues ranging from criminal proceedings against a fraudulent ship registry scheme in the Federated States of Micronesia to VERTIC and UNIDIR’s upcoming BWC National Implementation Database.”
“Health Security Intelligence Capabilities Post COVID-19: Resisting the Passive “New Normal” Within the Five Eyes”
This article from Patrick Walsh, James Ramsay, and Ausma Bernot recently appeared in Intelligence and National Security: “This paper spotlights lessons for health security intelligence across the ‘Five Eyes’ countries. The COVID-19 pandemic and recent worldwide patterns related to climate change have highlighted the crucial supporting role intelligence analysis may play in comprehending, planning for, and responding to such global health threats. In addition to the human lives lost, the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed serious national security concerns, notably for economic, societal, and in some cases, political stability. In response, a greater emphasis must be placed on intelligence. The paper has three goals. First, it outlines the major thematic areas where key ‘Five Eyes’ intelligence communities’ (ICs) skills were tested in supporting the management of COVID-19: 1) the origins of SARS-CoV-2, 2) disinformation campaigns, and 3) early warning systems. The article then explores how such factors have impacted ICs’ ability to provide decision-making support during COVID-19. Finally, the article discusses how ‘Five Eyes’ ICs may strengthen capacity in the three crucial areas. The ‘Five Eyes’ ICs must act swiftly but methodically to assess the security-based analytic lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic to maximize preparation for the next inevitable pandemic, whether caused by a natural disaster, climate change, or state or non-state threat actors.”
“Navigating Infodemics and Building Trust During Public Health Emergencies: Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief”
From the National Academies: “An infodemic is the rapid spread of large amounts of sometimes conflicting or inaccurate information that can impede the ability of individuals, communities, and authorities to protect health and effectively respond in a crisis. The National Academies Board on Health Sciences Policy hosted a two-day, public workshop in April 2023 to explore the history of public health infodemics, the impact of infodemics on trust in the public health enterprise, and tools and practices used to address infodemics. Attendees learned action-oriented strategies and tactics for inspiring public trust and about the roles, responsibilities, and partnerships among relevant organizations and agencies in managing infodemics during a public health emergency. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief summarizes the discussions held during the workshop.”
61st ISODARCO Course: Nuclear Order and International Security after Ukraine
“The war in Ukraine has had an enormous impact on global security, reviving nuclear fears, undermining the prospects for arms control, and shattering many of the norms and constraints that were the foundation of European security. ISODARCO 2024 will examine the global nuclear order in light of the Ukraine war, focusing on the states, the policies and the technologies that will shape the future in a much more difficult environment. How will we cope with this more dangerous world?”
This course will take place January 7-14, 2024, at the University of Trento. Learn more and register here.
Registration for GHS 2024 Now Open
Registration is now open for the Global Health Security 2024 conference in Sydney, Australia. This iteration will take place 18-21 June, 2024. The call for abstracts is also still open. “The mission of the Global Health Security conference is to provide a forum where leaders, researchers, policy-makers, and representatives from government, international organisations, civil society, and private industry from around the world can engage with each other, review the latest research and policy innovations, and agree solutions for making the world safer and healthier. To that end, our mission is to help foster a genuinely multidisciplinary community of practice that is committed to working collaboratively to enhance global health security and eliminate disease, irrespective of its origin or source.”
Call for Papers on the Interconnectvity of Norms
“The Justus-Liebig University Gieβen in collaboration with CBWNet are accepting paper proposals for a conference to take place on 23-24 October 2023 in Gieβen, Germany. The conference, titled Chemical and Biological Weapons: The Interconnectivity of Norms will examine selected issues pertaining to the normative regimes against biological and chemical weapons. Submissions in line with the thematic area are welcome.”
“Paper proposals should be no longer than 250 words in length. All submissions should be sent through by 30 July 2023 and may be submitted by email to: Barry.de-Vries@recht.uni-giessen.de”
“Find the full call here: call-for-papers.pdf“
Global Health Collaborators (GHC) – Volunteer Application
“Are you passionate about global health and eager to make a meaningful impact? Look no further! We are excited to announce an open call for volunteers to join Global Health Collaborators (GHC), a youth-led movement dedicated to driving impactful change in the field of global health.”
“At GHC, we believe that collective action and diverse perspectives can create a healthier, more equitable world. As a volunteer, you’ll have the opportunity to collaborate with like-minded individuals, organizations, and communities across continents. Together, we’ll advocate for health equity and address global health challenges through impactful projects, research, and advocacy initiatives.”
“We have various volunteer positions available in our hubs across Africa, Asia, Australia & Oceania, Europe, Middle East, North America, Latin America, and South Asia. Within each hub, you can contribute to Committees dedicated to Grants, Project Management, Communications and Social Media, Internal Management, and Research.”
“To become a part of this transformative journey, simply fill out our Volunteer Application Form here: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmEqFQT-t1baFT0kwfixw4L5MvaX7BylvBuINKw2xCQMirIQ/viewform“
The Pandora Report 