Pandora Report 9.20.2024

This week’s Pandora Report covers updates on mpox, H5N1, polio vaccination campaigns in Afghanistan, and more. Have a happy weekend and autumn equinox!

Schar School Virtual Information Sessions

If you are interested in a career in biodefense or global health security or want to develop the knowledge and skills necessary to work at the nexus of health, science, and security, find out what the Schar School of Policy and Government has to offer. A virtual open house for all of the Schar School’s master’s and certificate programs will be held online on Monday, September 30, 7-8 PM ET. The Schar School offers flexible part-time or full-time options for graduate certificate and master’s degree programs that teach applicable, real-world skills for in-demand careers. Register here.

OSTP Soliciting Feedback on New Biosecurity Policies

“The Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) has created email accounts to collect feedback from stakeholders on interpreting and/or implementing two new biosecurity policies that are due to go into effect soon. Starting October 26, 2024, the Framework for Nucleic Acid Synthesis Screening, established under the Executive Order on the Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence, will require that federally funded entities conducting life sciences research to only purchase synthetic nucleic acids and equipment from providers and manufacturers that adhere to the Framework. Stakeholders with questions about the interpretation and/or implementation of the Framework for Nucleic Acid Synthesis Screening should submit their questions to syndnaguidance@hhs.gov.”

“Starting May 6, 2025, the United States Government Policy for Oversight of Dual Use Research of Concern and Pathogens with Enhanced Pandemic Potential will require recipients of Federal funds for life sciences research to have policies and procedures in place to provide oversight of biological agents and toxins that, when enhanced, have the potential to pose risks to public health, agriculture, food security, economic security, or national security. Stakeholders with questions about the interpretation and/or implementation of United States Government Policy for Oversight of Dual Use Research of Concern and Pathogens with Enhanced Pandemic Potential can send their questions to ASPRBIO@hhs.gov.”

“In both cases, feedback will be used for policy evaluation purposes and may result in FAQs, but not all emails will receive a response.”

National Security Commission on Emerging Biotechnology Selects Sen. Todd Young (R-IN) as Chair

Last week, the National Security Commission on Emerging Biotechnology announced the selection of Senator Todd Young as the Commission’s new chair. The announcement explains that “The National Security Commission on Emerging Biotechnology is a legislative branch advisory entity whose purpose is to advance and secure biotechnology, biomanufacturing, and associated technologies for U.S. national security and to prepare the United States for the age of biotechnology. The Commission submitted an interim report to the President and the Armed Services Committees in December 2023 and will publish a comprehensive report in early 2025, including recommendations for action by Congress and the federal government. The bipartisan Commission is composed of Congressionally-appointed Commissioners with members from both the Senate and the House of Representatives as well as experts from industry, academia, and government. For more information about the Commission, visit https://biotech.senate.gov.”

Van Kerkhove: US Can and Should Do More About H5N1

STAT News’ Helen Branswell recently interviewed Maria Van Kerkhove, an American epidemiologist and current WHO Acting Director of Epidemic and Pandemic Preparedness and Prevention, about H5N1’s spread in the United States. During the interview with STAT, Van Kerkhove said in part: “I think the surprise for me is a highly capable country that has incredible scientists across multiple sectors, what they are trying to do to tackle this. Because the world is watching. And they know that they can do more.”

“Our relationship with the U.S. — with Health and Human Services, CDC, the National Institutes of Health — on the human health side is really strong. We have these conversations all the time. I think what we need to see is more on the animal sector. We need to see much more cross collaboration.”

“My worry in saying this to you right now is the blame game. You know, ‘The human health [side] does this’ and ‘The animal health [side] does this.’ But for me, if we’re actually in this together, then we need to really collectively do more to address this together.”

“I don’t question the will. I do not question the USDA by any means. I’m questioning what it is that is prohibiting animal and human health sectors globally to work more cohesively together.”

“I think more can be done.”

Read the full interview here.

Bonus: Read Think Global Health’s interview with Michael Osterholm focused on H5N1 and other relevant topics here.

NIH Releases Mpox Research Agenda

The National Institutes of Health’s (NIH) National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) recently released an update on the organization’s priorities for mpox research. A press release on the update explained that “The NIAID mpox research agenda focuses on four key objectives: increasing knowledge about the biology of all clades—also known as strains—of the virus that causes mpox, including how the virus is transmitted and how people’s immune systems respond to it; evaluating dosing regimens of current vaccines to stretch the vaccine supply and developing novel vaccine concepts; advancing existing and novel treatments, including antivirals and monoclonal antibodies; and supporting strategies for detecting the virus to facilitate clinical care and epidemiological surveillance.”

Read more here.

Canada Announces Mpox Vaccine Donations

Canada’s Ministries of International Development and Health announced last week that the country will be making 200,000 doses of the Imvamune (another brand name for Bavarian Nordic’s JYNNEOS) vaccine from its supply available to support the ongoing global response to mpox. The announcement further explained that “Canada’s international assistance efforts prioritize the production of vaccines closer to the people who need them the most. In June 2024, the Government of Canada announced an $85-million contribution for Gavi’s African Vaccine Manufacturing Accelerator (AVMA). AVMA aims to contribute to a sustainable manufacturing base and improved pandemic and outbreak vaccine supply resilience in Africa. Today’s announcement highlights Canada’s ongoing commitment to enhancing health security on the African continent and to stemming the spread of mpox.”

Taliban Suspends Polio Vaccination Campaigns

The AP recently reported that, according to the United Nations, the Taliban has suspended polio vaccination campaigns in Afghanistan. This decision is likely to have consequences for both Afghanistan and neighboring countries. In addition to Pakistan, Afghanistan is one of the only countries were polio transmission never ceased. According to the AP, “News of the suspension was relayed to U.N. agencies right before the September immunization campaign was due to start. No reason was given for the suspension, and no one from the Taliban-controlled government was immediately available for comment.”

“Gender Representation in Biosecurity Leadership”

Shravishtha Ajaykumar recently authored this piece for the Observer Research Foundation, writing in part “The underrepresentation of women in biosafety, health, and even biosecurity is a critical issue that warrants immediate attention, especially in light of the rapidly evolving biosecurity landscape. While male dominance in other security fields, such as nuclear security, is widely acknowledged and the need for greater female representation in these areas is often highlighted, the same urgency has not been applied to biosecurity. This oversight is significant, as biosecurity has unique implications for underrepresented genders that remain largely unaddressed. The absence of gender diversity in decision-making roles can lead to blind spots in policy development, where gender-specific vulnerabilities and perspectives are overlooked. This gap is particularly concerning in the context of biosecurity, where the impacts of threats such as pandemics and biological attacks can vary significantly across different genders.”

Health Security Intelligence: Managing Emerging Threats and Risks in a Post COVID World

This volume from Routledge UK, edited by Patrick F. Walsh, includes multi-disciplinary contributions from a range of scholars who explore what role national security intelligence agencies played during COVID-19, and, more importantly, how they can improve their capabilities to better understand and mitigate against emerging health and biological threats, risks, and hazards into the future. This book is open access here.

“Apathy and Hyperbole Cloud the Real Risks of AI Bioweapons”

Filippa Lentzos, Jez Littlewood, Hailey Wingo, and Alberto Muti authored this article from The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, explaining in part “Like other scientific and technological developments before it, AI is dual use: It has the potential to deliver a range of positive outcomes as well as to be used to support nefarious activity by malign actors. And, as with developments ranging from genetic engineering to gene synthesis technologies, AI in its current configurations is unlikely to result in the worst-case scenarios suggested in these and other headlines—an increase in the use of biological weapons in the next few years…Bioweapons use and bioterrorism has been, historically, extremely rare. This is not a reason to ignore AI or be sanguine about the risks it poses, but managing those risks is rarely aided by hype.”

“The Global Pandemic Preparedness Summit 2024: Outcomes Report”

From CEPI: “The Global Pandemic Preparedness Summit 2024: Outcomes Report, published today [September 17], distils the discussions, reflections, and recommendations that emerged from the Summit. The report aims to inform global leaders’ decision-making around international pandemic preparedness efforts by presenting outcomes and recommendations that summarise the views of the Summit’s diverse field of over 80 expert speakers and panellists.”

“Global Health Experts Note Improved Post-COVID Pandemic Preparedness, but Large Gaps Remain”

In this CIDRAP article, Stephanie Soucheray breaks down a recent survey of global infectious disease experts that was conducted by Abbott and “…shows that most experts agree that pandemic preparedness has improved since the COVID-19 pandemic, but significant gaps remain in building surveillance programs to identify emerging pathogens, public health funding, and adequate testing infrastructure.”

“Pandemic Recovery Metrics to Drive Equity (PanREMEDY): Guidelines for State and Local Leaders in Anticipation of Future Catastrophic Outbreaks”

The Center for Health Security at Johns Hopkins recently released this report. Its executive summary explains in part: “The Pandemic Recovery Metrics to Drive Equity – PanREMEDY project sought to give form to the least considered phase of a catastrophic outbreak of infectious disease, while applying an equity lens. The project inquired, “By what measures could local and state decision makers know that efforts at holistic recovery were working, especially for the socially vulnerable individuals and communities hit hardest by COVID-19?”’

“To answer this question, the project team gathered and analyzed a wide range of evidence. They consulted disaster recovery and resilience experts, convened a scoping symposium, reviewed academic and gray literature on epidemic/pandemic recovery, and elicited input from diverse participants via listening sessions. Based upon thematic analyses of these inputs, the team generated an initial set of 44 indicators and distilled ethical and practical considerations concerning their implementation.”

Read more here.

“The United Nations Must Ensure Sustainable Access to Effective Antibiotics”

Ramanan Laxminarayan discusses the UN’s role in addressing AMR in this piece for Think Global Health: “Effective antibiotics, once taken for granted, are no longer a guarantee in any country. Since they were first introduced, the hundreds of millions of tons of antibiotics used—and sometimes overused—for medicine to improve human illness, in livestock for growth promotion, and in agriculture to prevent and treat plant diseases, have resulted in the gradual accumulation of resistance genes in disease causing bacteria, leading to the ability to evade antibiotics and develop AMR.”

“Drug-Resistant Germs Will Kill Millions More People in Coming Decades, Researchers Warn”

Corinne Purtill breaks down recent research on AMR and superbugs in this piece for the Los Angeles Times: “Now, a new report finds that unless officials take action to develop new medications, “superbug” infections could kill nearly 2 million people a year in 2050 — a 67.5% increase from the 1.14 million lives lost this way in 2021…An additional 8.22 million will die of causes related to those infections in 2050, according to a study from the Global Research on Antimicrobial Resistance Project published this week in the Lancet, a medical journal.”

“Into the Unknown: How Quickly Can Vaccines be Developed for Disease X”

Robert Barrie discusses countries’ efforts to prepare for new infectious disease threats and conduct vaccine development in this piece for Pharmaceutical Technology, writing in part “‘Disease X’ is the term the World Health Organization (WHO) coined for the next unknown infectious pathogen that could cause an epidemic or even a pandemic. The phrase ‘Disease X’ was introduced in 2018 to act as a placeholder alongside other priority diseases for research and development (R&D) initiatives. The aim was to create a robust framework for a swift public health response and encourage vaccine research, treatment rollout, and diagnostic test development to combat an unknown pathogen…Despite this available framework, the response to the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 was mired with several challenges. A recent UK Covid-19 inquiry report went so far as to say that government officials had been planning for the “wrong pandemic”, funnelling resources into influenza-based infections.”

African Newsletter on One Health & Biosecurity, September 2024

The latest edition of the African Newsletter on One Health & Biosecurity is dedicated to the intersection of AI and biosecurity as it pertains to Africa. Read the newsletter here.

“Preparing the World for the Next Pandemic: Evidence from China’s R&D Blueprint for Emerging Infectious Diseases”

Ma et al. recently published this article in the Journal of Infection and Public Health:

Background

“With double pressures of endemic and imported emerging infectious diseases (EIDs), China’s ability to detect, prevent and control the unknown virus is of regional and global interest. This study aimed to establish an R&D Blueprint for EIDs in China by identifying the list of prioritized diseases and medical countermeasures (MCMs) that need proactive actions for the next pandemic.”

Methods

“The process mainly referred to the World Health Organization’s prioritization methodology, supplemented by pipeline landscape, rapid risk assessment and multi-dimensional analysis. The study included five steps: 1) identifying potential pathogens, 2) screening into the long list, 3) prioritizing the long list, 4) identifying the final list and 5) generating an R&D Blueprint.”

Results

“China’s R&D Blueprint identified 14 viral pathogens and two virus groups (i.e., Influenza HxNy and Coronavirus X) for proactive and representative MCM development. At least one diagnostic candidate in preclinical study, and one therapeutic and one vaccine candidate in Phase I/II clinical trials for each prioritized pathogen were suggested to be developed as strategic national stockpiles. Various generalized and innovative platform technologies were also highlighted for enhancing overall capacities of EID preparedness and response, covering basic research, experiment, detection, prevention and control, surveillance and information sharing.”

Conclusions

“This is the first study in developing countries that established an R&D Blueprint of prioritized diseases, countermeasures and technologies. Our findings could help to drive pre-emptive scientific and technological actions toward emerging pathogens that may cause the next epidemic and could provide evidence-based strategies for developing countries to establish their national health research agenda tailored to health and research context under resource-limited settings.”

NEW: Accelerating Global Connectivity and Progress Towards the SDGs

From Foreign Policy: “As emerging technologies reshape global dynamics, policymakers are tasked with developing robust frameworks that can keep pace, ensuring that innovation and technology advance the public good. They, along with industry, finance, development, and civil society, must navigate the complexities of supporting equitable growth, managing evolving threats, and addressing critical issues such as AI ethics, digital sovereignty, cybersecurity, biosecurity, and more.”

“This year’s forum will explore how advanced technologies can foster greater connectivity and prosperity, emphasizing the crucial role of science, biotech, technology, and innovation (STI) within the UN framework. Through a series of panel discussions and one-on-one conversations, the FP Tech Forum @ UNGA79 will take a candid look at the state of technology, increasing global fragmentation, and the steps necessary to mitigate risks and leverage technology for material progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals.”

This event will take place on September 25 at 8:30 am at 45 Rockefeller Plaza. Register here.

Available Now: The Role of AI in Advancing Public Health Webinar

From ICF: “For health departments that a short time ago were struggling to move from faxing to online reporting, the leap into the world of artificial intelligence (AI) may seem like a bridge too far. Even those with well-resourced data systems might find it challenging to grasp AI’s impact. However, AI has the potential to revolutionize how work gets done in local, state, tribal and territorial public health departments, improving day-to-day operations and unlocking new ways to advance health outcomes.”

“In this webinar, leading public health experts explore how AI can optimize operations at local, state, and national levels—from transforming data collection, analytics, and forecasting to customizing communication messages, responding to misinformation, and targeting resources to better promote equity.”

Register to view this webinar here.

Session on Public Stakeholder Perspectives for Potential Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Research Priorities

From NASEM: “On Monday, September 23, from 12:00 pm to 5:00 pm ET, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine will host an open online public listening session to hear perspectives from stakeholders on potential research priorities for the ongoing Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5N1) outbreak. Members of the public are invited to participate and register to provide a presentation during this listening session.”

“This event will be held to inform planning for Potential Research Priorities to Inform Readiness and Response to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5N1): A Workshop.”

Learn more and register here.

Pandemics, Climate, Health, Conflict: Preventing Future Shocks

From the Pandemic Action Network (PAN): “How can this year’s UN Summit of the Future (Sept. 22-23) serve as a springboard for action in the year ahead?”

“Join PAN, the Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response, and RANA for Pandemics, Climate, Conflict: Preventing Future Shocks on Sept. 24. This event will include former Heads of State and government, senior policymakers, and non-governmental leaders sharing their perspectives on the current political state of play, opportunities, and actions necessary to ensure we are prepared to respond to, and prevent, future global shocks.”

“Please register to indicate interest. Confirmation, full program, and location details to follow. In-person space is limited for this event.”

MPOX: A Public Health Emergency of International Concern

From the Brown Pandemic Center: “On September 27th at 12:00PM ET the Pandemic Center will host a webinar titled Mpox: A Public Health Emergency of International Concern.

“In August, the World Health Organization declared the mpox outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and neighboring countries a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC). At the time of the declaration, the DRC had reported 27,000 mpox cases, mainly in children, and 1,100 deaths since the beginning of 2023. The WHO has since announced a six month plan to stanch the outbreak, which includes boosting surveillance, increasing staffing in affected countries and improving access to vaccines, among many other measures.”

“This webinar will convene a panel of experts to discuss the current situation and what the global health community should be doing. It will be hosted by Jennifer Nuzzo, Director of the Pandemic Center and Professor of Epidemiology at the Brown University School of Public Health. The panel will include:

Dr. Placide Mbala, Associate Professor, University of Kinshasa School of Medicine & Head of the Epidemiology and Global Health Division, National Institute of Biomedical Research, Democratic Republic of Congo

Dr. Christy Hutson, Senior Science Advisor for Clade I Mpox Response & Chief of the Poxvirus and Rabies Branch at CDC”

“This webinar is part of the Pandemics & Society series, created and sponsored by the Pandemic Center at the Brown University School of Public Health, which focuses on current pandemic threats and response systems as well as how to build preparedness for the future.”

Learn more and register here.

Responsible AI: Design, Development, and Use

Join the Mason Autonomy and Robotics Center (MARC) for this 3-day in-person course on Responsible AI: Design, Development, and Use!  As AI becomes increasingly pervasive across various domains, it is essential that we prioritize responsible principles, policies, and practices. Learn from top AI scholars and industry experts about ethical and safe AI deployment. You’ll also gain the critical skills to navigate the complexities of AI in business, healthcare, transportation and more.
Course Dates: October 15-17, 2024
Registration Deadline: October 8, 2024

FLUency: True Expertise and Effectiveness in the Battle Against Influenza

“This Commission meeting, FLUency: True Expertise and Effectiveness in the Battle Against Influenza, will be held on Tuesday, October 8th, in Washington, DC. The focus of this meeting will be to provide the Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense with a better understanding of: (1) national leadership to defend food and agriculture against influenza; (2) federal operational requirements for preparedness, coordination, and response; (3) biosurveillance, forecasting, and the need for diagnostic tests; and (4) front-line needs and partnerships in the fight against influenza.”

This event will take place in-person on October 8 from 9:20 am to 2 pm EST. Learn more and register here.

Register now: https://bit.ly/3zMvZOR

NEW: External Review of Ethical, Legal, Environmental, Safety, Security, and Societal Issues of Engineering Biology Research and Development

From NASEM: “Engineering biology holds significant potential to transform the U.S. and global economy, with promise to deliver innovative solutions in health, climate, energy, food and agriculture, and more. As research and development in engineering biology and other areas of the bioeconomy advance, addressing the societal issues related to these technologies is imperative. As requested by the CHIPS and Science Act, this study will conduct an evaluation of the ethical, legal, environmental, safety, security, and other societal issues related to engineering biology, and make recommendations on research needs related to these issues and means to effectively incorporate their consideration into research practice.”

“The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) will appoint an ad hoc committee to review and make recommendations on the ethical, legal, environmental, safety, security, and other appropriate societal issues related to engineering biology research and development. The committee will address the scholarship and practice of addressing these issues, focusing specifically on:

(1) An assessment of the current knowledge and practice on assessing and mitigating various societal issues including ethical, legal, environmental, safety, and security issues.
(2) A description of the gaps and needs relating to such issues, focusing on approaches for co-generation of assessment approaches and design of products, technologies, and services with users of engineering biology research and development
(3) Actionable recommendations on how the National Engineering Biology Research and Development Initiative, established by the CHIPS and Science Act, can address the identified gaps and needs.
(4) Actionable recommendations on how researchers across the range of disciplines engaged in engineering biology can best incorporate considerations of such societal issues into the development of research proposals and the conduct of research.”

“NASEM will produce a consensus report presenting the results of its work and offering its findings, conclusions, and recommendations.”

“We invite you to submit suggestions for experts to participate in this activity. The call for experts closes on October 16, 2024 at 11:59 (ET).”

Recommend an expert here.

NEW: DARPA Invites Proposals for AI Biotechnology Pitch Days Dec. 5-6

“DARPA funds the research and development of technologies with the potential for transformational impact, central to delivering on the agency’s mission to create and prevent strategic surprise for national security. The agency’s Biological Technologies Office focuses on the natural world to derive revolutionary capabilities centered on:

  • Foundational technologies that promote simulation and prediction of biological systems and outcomes, like simulation, foundational models, and data generation,
  • Warfighter readiness, health, and recovery, such as medical countermeasures, diagnostics, health IT and medical devices, and
  • Operational support of U.S. forces to enable their execution of missions across the spectrum, ranging from fibers for garments to distributed, point-of-need manufacturing.”

“To capitalize on these new opportunities and further accelerate the pace of scientific and technological discovery and development, DARPA looks to include targeted and limited-scope investments via an AI BTO solicitation seeking proposals on technologies focused at the intersection of artificial intelligence and biotechnology.”

‘“AI BTO seeks to fund proposals that catalyze the formation of future research projects by clarifying the opportunity space and de-risking technical barriers to achieving high impact,” said BTO Director Dr. Michael Koeris. “To this end, the office is providing $4.5 million to support up to 45 revolutionary catalyst projects and will be finalizing research agreements day of. We look forward to reviewing the novel biotechnology approaches to further our national security mission.”’

“BTO leadership is interested in engaging first-time or non-traditional proposers and seeks revolutionary approaches to emerging or anticipated Department of Defense challenges. During these events, BTO will introduce five new overarching topics that align with AI/ML applications:

  • Prediction and Health
  • Autonomous Science
  • Biomanufacturing/Synthetic Biology
  • Challenges with Scale
  • Exciting Frontiers”

Pitch Days

“DARPA will host AI BTO Pitch Days on December 5-6, 2024, in the Washington, DC, region to select and award AI BTO catalyst projects. To be considered for AI BTO Pitch Day participation, offerors must submit a short white paper consisting of a technical description of the proposer’s idea in response to one of the focus areas listed above.”

“DARPA will notify offerors if they are selected for further evaluation via an in-person Pitch Day presentation to a panel of BTO program managers at the AI BTO Pitch Day event.”

“If selected for award at Pitch Day, DARPA may issue a Research Other Transactions award for one of three award scenarios – $100,000, $200,000, or $300,000. The maximum amount of government funding given to any single proposer will be $300,000.”

“To submit a white paper, register at https://usg.valideval.com/teams/aibto_2024/signup. The deadline is Friday, October 9, 2024 by 4:00PM EDT. Late applications will not be accepted.”

“Additional information is available on SAM.gov.”

BWC Advanced Education Course

“State Parties, particularly from the Global South, often lack the resources, knowledge, and expertise to participate in the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) diplomatic process more meaningfully. To address this challenge, UNIDIR, Diplo Foundation and FRS are organizing the BWC Advanced Education Course (BWCedu).”

“The course will equip key stakeholders – government officials in capital with responsibilities in BWC implementation, aspiring and active diplomats and life scientists working on BWC issues and biological threats – with the essential knowledge, skills and expertise to actively participate in the BWC diplomatic process and thus contribute to a stronger and more effective Convention.”

“The BWCedu comprises a five-month advanced education programme. Through this programme, 25 participants will gain in-depth knowledge of the Convention, the diplomatic landscape and relevant scientific advancements.”

“The course will employ diverse learning methods, including online lectures, real-time engagement through webinars with experts and Working Group delegates and a week-long interactive in-person session in Geneva. Course participants will be provided with access to a collection of resources and information to support independent study on aspects of the BWC.”

“In its first iteration, the comprehensive programme will focus on the current Working Group agenda items, including the two mechanisms on science & technology and international cooperation and assistance being developed for consideration at the Tenth Review Conference, or earlier at a Special Conference if requested by a majority of State Parties. The course will prepare participants for ongoing engagement in the evolving framework of the BWC, empowering them to contribute to informed decision-making.”

Applications close on September 29. Learn more and apply here.

Call for Experts – Technical Advisory Group on Laboratory Services, Systems and Diagnostics in Health Emergencies

“The World Health Organization (WHO) is seeking experts to serve as members of the WHO Technical Advisory Group on Laboratory Services, Systems and Diagnostics in Health Emergencies (TAG-LAB). This “Call for experts” provides information about the advisory group in question, the expert profiles being sought, the process to express interest, and the process of selection.”

“Well-functioning and sustainable laboratory services, systems and diagnostics, operating according to international principles of equity, quality and safety, are essential to implement the International Health Regulations (2005)1 and achieve global health security. The World Health Organization (WHO) recently published the health emergency prevention, preparedness, response and resilience (HEPR) framework, describing the critical role of the laboratory to implement Collaborative Surveillance.”

“Laboratories also provide essential data to guide clinical care and inform coordination operations, as well as public health and social measures, in a range of emergency situations including outbreaks of pandemic and epidemic prone pathogens and humanitarian settings involving conflict, protracted crises and natural or man-made disasters. Considering this, a global strategy focused on laboratory services, systems and diagnostics for health emergencies is needed to address all of these contexts.” 

“This strategy will connect global efforts and advance implementation of the laboratory components of the HEPR framework and World Health Assembly (WHA) Resolution 74.7 on strengthening WHO preparedness for and response to health emergencies that called for countries to “strengthen laboratory-based detection capacities”.”

“In this context, WHO is establishing a Technical advisory group on laboratory, services, systems and diagnostics for health emergencies (“TAG-LAB”). The TAG-LAB will act as an advisory body to WHO in this field.”

“The TAG-LAB is multidisciplinary, with members who have a range of technical knowledge, skills and experience relevant to virus evolution. Up to 25 Members may be selected. WHO welcomes expressions of interest from experts in laboratory services, systems or diagnostics, clinical scientists, academic researchers, healthcare professionals, or others with expertise in one or more of the following areas:

  • Laboratory Systems
  • Laboratory Services
  • Diagnostics
  • National and International Policy, Regulation and Guidance
  • Biosafety
  • Biosecurity
  • Bioinformatics
  • Clinical Management
  • Outbreak Preparedness, Response and Resilience
  • Emergency response in humanitarian settings involving conflict, protracted crises and natural or man-made disasters
  • Academic Research
  • Public Health
  • Virology, Microbiology, Mycology, and Emerging or Re-emerging diseases”

Learn more and submit and expression of interest here by September 30.

Call for Experts: Health-Security Interface Technical Advisory Group (HSI-TAG)

“The World Health Organization (WHO) is seeking two experts to serve as new members of the Health-Security Interface Technical Advisory Group (HSI-TAG). This “Call for experts” provides information about the advisory group in question, the expert profiles being sought, the process to express interest, and the process of selection.”

“The concept of Health-Security Interface (HSI) applies to those public health activities whose performance involves to some extent the security sector broadly understood (e.g. international and non-governmental organizations, civil defense, military health personnel, law enforcement and armed forces, defense-related research programmes), certain international organizations and other entities with a security relevant mandate. These activities may include protection of health from traditional and emerging infectious disease threats; deliberate events and investigation of alleged use of chemical and biological agents including non-permissive environments and conflict zones; and any health activities performed in collaboration with security actors.”

“The HSI-TAG is multidisciplinary, with members who have a range of technical knowledge, skills and experience relevant to the Health-Security Interface.”

“Considering the recent developments and global trends, the Secretariat realized that there was a need to strengthen the following areas of expertise/experience, hence welcomes expressions of interest from:

  • Bioterrorism experts (knowledge on pathogens of security concern, their microbiological characterization and application/modification for weaponization, diagnostics, countermeasures and containment measures),
  • Decision/policy makers with hands-on experience dealing with significant deliberate event(s) (biological/chemical) response at the local, regional, or national level.”

“For the improved geographical and gender representation of the HSI-TAG members, the WHO Secretariat encourages applications from the WHO African, Western Pacific, European, Eastern Mediterranean and Pan American Health Organization/Americas regions and female or non-male gender identities.”

Learn more about the HSI and express interest by October 7 here.

Pandora Report 9.13.2024

Happy Friday the 13th! This week’s Pandora Report covers updates from the Biodefense Graduate Program, the 14th human case of avian influenza reported in the US, preparations for mpox clade II’s potential arrival in the US, and more. Luck is also on your side on this unlucky day as we have new professional opportunities in the announcement section and even more upcoming events.

Schar School Virtual Information Sessions

If you are interested in a career in biodefense or global health security or want to develop the knowledge and skills necessary to work at the nexus of health, science, and security, find out what the Schar School of Policy and Government has to offer. The Biodefense PhD Program will hold a virtual open house on Wednesday, September 18 from 5:30-7:30 PM ET. Register here. In addition, a virtual open house for all of the Schar School’s master’s and certificate programs will be held online on Monday, September 30, 7-8 PM ET. The Schar School offers flexible part-time or full-time options for graduate certificate and master’s degree programs that teach applicable, real-world skills for in-demand careers. Register here

Biodefense Program Adjunct Professor Joins DHS
Dr. Ashley Grant, an adjunct professor in the Biodefense Graduate Program at the Schar School of Policy and Government at George Mason University,  has joined the Office of Health Security in the Department of Homeland Security as the Senior Health Security and Biodefense Advisor, a career Senior Level position. The Office of Health Security serves as the primary authority on medical, workforce health and safety, and public health for DHS. In her new position, Dr. Grant  will help mitigate the impact of biological threats, whether arising naturally, by accident, or through deliberate action.

Previously, Dr. Grant served as a principal scientist at the MITRE Corporation, as the senior biological scientist at the Government Accountability Office where she led government-wide technical performance audits focused on biosafety and biosecurity issues, as an American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Science and Technology Fellow in the Chemical and Biological Defense Program Office in the Department of Defense, and as an Christine Mirzayan Science & Technology Policy Graduate Fellow at the National Academies of Science on the Committee on International Security and Arms Control.

In the Biodefense Program, Dr. Grant teaches BIOD 604: Emerging Infectious Diseases: Viral Threats and BIOD 620: Global Health Security Policy. As a biodefense practitioner, Dr. Grant brings her real-world experience into the classroom and provides a role model for Biodefense students on how to bridge the gap between science and policy in the domains of homeland and national security. 

14th Human Case of Bird Flu Reported in US Since March

Health officials in Missouri have reported a 14th human case of H5 avian influenza, this time in a person who had no contact with dairy cows or other animals associated with ongoing outbreaks across the country. All previous 13 cases, and an addition one in 2022, were in patients who had direct contact with infected animals. In a September 6 statement, the CDC explained that the case was identified through Missouri’s seasonal flu surveillance program and emphasized that risk to the general public remains low. California also reported two more outbreaks of H5N1 in dairy cows this week. The state continues to investigate how the virus spread to the two farms.

Read more: “5 Burning Questions About Missouri’s Mysterious H5 Bird Flu Case,” Helen Branswell, STAT

United States Preparing for Possible Arrival of Mpox Clade I

Senior officials in the Biden administration told reporters on a call yesterday that, because mpox infections continue to rise in Africa, the US is preparing for its own potential cases. Officials explained that the US government is “…expanding its mpox surveillance efforts, primarily through wastewater analysis, and is reaching out to the medical community to educate members on what to watch for, including the severity of clade 1 and how it spreads, according to officials.”

So far during this outbreak, there have been nearly 25,000 reported cases and 600 deaths. An outbreak of clade II (which is generally less severe than clade I) in 2022 spread to all US states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. The US recorded more than 33,000 cases and 60 deaths.

“Signs of Progress on Strengthening the Biological Weapons Convention”

Dan Regan and Christopher East recently published this post on the Council on Strategic Risks’ blog, covering a recent meeting of the Working Group on Strengthening of the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC). They write in part “Attending in an observer capacity, the Council on Strategic Risks (CSR) was heartened to witness the largely constructive discussions, most notably the progress on measures related to scientific and technological developments, and international cooperation and assistance…The session also marked an important milestone in the expansion of BWC member states. This was the first meeting in which Tuvalu and the Federated States of Micronesia were recognized as States Parties, having acceded to the BWC in June and July, respectively. This now brings the total number of States Parties to 187, an important step towards universalization of the treaty.”

Read more here.

Health Security Special Collection: NETEC International Partnerships and Programs Supplement

Health Security recently published a special collection of articles with the National Emerging Special Pathogens Training and Education Center (NETEC): “This supplement is truly unique because it compiles in a single volume descriptions of approaches taken by different countries and regions to achieve optimal clinical preparedness for and response to HCID cases and incidents. It explores the current state and prospects of HLIUs in managing HCIDs, emphasizing the national, regional, and global importance of these unique facilities and the expertise inherent to them. These papers underscore the opportunities and significance of sharing experiences, best practices, and establishing relationships with other teams in this specialized field to improve individual HLIU practices, as well as the broader field of HCID management.”

“Viral Outbreaks Threaten Our Food Supply. We’re Not Ready.”

The Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense’s Susan Brooks and Donna Shalala recently authored this op-ed focused on HPAI and other viral diseases for the IndyStar, writing in part “We are again behind in developing and manufacturing point-of-use diagnostic tests that we can distribute widely and gather information from easily. Without more data, experts are struggling to understand this virus, why it is infecting such a broad range of animals, and whether avians are really the original source of the virus. While current economic and health impacts to industry appear minimal so far, history tells us that could change quickly if the virus mutates. Indeed, media reports have already indicated that some dairy cows experience difficulty in recovering from the disease, while others never recover and are culled.  Other studies suggest the possibility that the virus can spread in both directions between poultry and dairy herds, which could threaten to further fuel the outbreak.”

“Harris, Trump Try to Relitigate the Pandemic”

Politico’s Ben Leonard recaps the pandemic’s role in the recent presidential debate in this short piece.

“Poliovirus That Infected a Chinese Child in 2014 May Have Leaked from a Lab”

Kai Kupferschmidt discusses a recently-discovered possibility that a 2014 case of polio in China may have been the result of an accidental release of poliovirus from a research laboratory or vaccine production facility: “Researchers at the Pasteur Institute in Paris working under strict biosafety conditions recently opened an old box that contained a virological time capsule: four poliovirus samples, each with a handwritten label on the vial, sent to the institute more than 60 years earlier by Albert Sabin, a giant in the field of poliovirus research.”

“The viruses had to be destroyed, as part of a global campaign to get rid of old poliovirus samples. But first, the Pasteur team would sequence them to preserve their genetic information.”

“Now, a paper about those sequences, published in Virus Evolution in July, has raised an unexpected and troubling possibility: A poliovirus that infected a 4-year-old child in China in 2014 may have originated in a research laboratory or a vaccine production facility.”

“The Pivotal Decision That Led to a Resurgence of Polio”

Apoorva Mandavilli discusses how a decision to pare down the oral polio vaccine has led to an uptick in polio cases in this New York Times article: “The poliovirus that paralyzed a child in Gaza, the first case in the region in 25 years, has traveled a long path…It most likely arose in Nigeria and made its way to Chad, where it was first detected in 2019, according to genetic analysis. It emerged in Sudan in 2020 and then found a foothold in Egypt, in unvaccinated pockets of Luxor and North Sinai — next door to Gaza.”

“This journey was the consequence of a fateful decision by global health organizations to pare down the oral polio vaccine in 2016. The move, now called “the switch,” was intended to help eradicate the disease…Instead, the change has led to outbreaks of polio in dozens of countries and has paralyzed more than 3,300 children. A formal evaluation, commissioned by the global polio eradication program and led by two independent experts, was unflinching in its assessment: “The switch was an unqualified failure.”’

“Designing a New National Center for Disease Control”

Think Global Health recently published this interview with Chikwe Ihekweazu, former Director General of the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, explaining in their introduction: “Early on in the COVID-19 pandemic, Chikwe Ihekweazu and his wife, Vivianne, knew they needed to write a book about their experience.”

“At the time, Ihekweazu was serving as the first director general of the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, an organization he had helped build from scratch to prevent, detect, and respond to infectious disease threats in his home country.”

“Virtually overnight after COVID-19 arrived, Ihekweazu became the national spokesperson for keeping Nigerians informed about the rapidly evolving situation. He played a key role in coordinating the country’s public health response. The Ihekweazus’ new book, An Imperfect Storm: A Pandemic and the Coming of Age of a Nigerian Institution, is a personal account of navigating these challenges.”  

“Ihekweazu had experience managing epidemics from HIV/AIDS to Ebola. That work, combined with his efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic, led to his current position as assistant director general at the World Health Organization’s Hub for Pandemic and Epidemic Intelligence in Berlin, where he and his colleagues use data analytics to prepare for future epidemics and pandemics.” 

“Think Global Health interviewed Ihekweazu about his experiences and lessons learned over the years—including the critical role that institutions play in providing capacity and national and global levels to respond to infectious disease threats.”

“Anonymous Answers: What Are the Best Ways to Fight the Next Pandemic?”

From 80,000 Hours: “This is Part Two of our four-part series of biosecurity anonymous answers. You can also read Part One: Misconceptions.”

“Preventing catastrophic pandemics is one of our top priorities.”

“But the landscape of pandemic preparedness is complex and multifaceted, and experts don’t always agree about what the most effective interventions are or how resources should be allocated.”

“So we decided to talk to more than a dozen biosecurity experts to better understand their views. This is the second instalment of our biosecurity anonymous answers series.”

“Below, we present 12 responses from these experts addressing their views on neglected interventions in pandemic preparedness and advice for capable young people entering the field, particularly as it relates to global catastrophic risks.”

“‘The World’s Simply Not Noticing’: 2024 Likely to Be Deadliest Year for Aid Workers”

The Guardian’s Rebecca Root discusses the nearly 200 humanitarian workers’ deaths that have been documented so far this year in this piece: “By late August, 187 aid workers around the world, who play a vital role in delivering food, water and medical supplies during crises, had been killed, making 2024 likely to be the deadliest year ever for aid workers. Last year currently holds that title, when 280 lost their lives compared with 118 in 2022. The Israeli-Gaza war, where more than 280 aid workers have been killed since 7 October, as well as Sudan and South Sudan accounted for most of the deaths.”

“NASA, Partners Conduct Fifth Asteroid Impact Exercise, Release Summary”

From NASA: “For the benefit of all, NASA released a summary Thursday of the fifth biennial Planetary Defense Interagency Tabletop Exercise. NASA’s Planetary Defense Coordination Office, in partnership with FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) and with the assistance of the U.S. Department of State Office of Space Affairs, convened the tabletop exercise to inform and assess our ability as a nation to respond effectively to the threat of a potentially hazardous asteroid or comet.”

Read more here.

“No Manhattan Project for AI, but Maybe a Los Alamos”

David Ignatius discusses the Biden administration’s forthcoming national security memo on AI in this Washington Post opinion piece, explaining in part: “The new approach won’t propose the “Manhattan Project for AI” that some have urged. But it should offer a platform for public-private partnerships and testing that could be likened to a national laboratory, a bit like Lawrence Livermore in California or Los Alamos in New Mexico. For the National Security Council officials drafting the memo, the core idea is to drive AI-linked innovation across the U.S. economy and government, while also anticipating and preventing threats to public safety.”

“The new strategy will focus on defense and intelligence agencies, aided by the just-created AI Safety Institute at the Commerce Department and its National Institute of Standards and Technology. The Pentagon, the intelligence community and Commerce will work to develop partnerships with the five private companies that dominate AI research, all of them American: Microsoft-backed OpenAI, Google’s DeepMind, Elon Musk’s xAI, Meta AI and the start-up Anthropic.”

ICYMI: Global Health Security 2024

The Global Health Security Conference 2024 concluded in June, but slides and videos from the conference are available here, and the Post-Conference Report is here: “In June 2024, the third Global Health Security conference returned to Sydney, Australia, where it all began some five years previously. GHS2024 was held at a time when the international community is still dealing with impacts arising from the COVID-19 pandemic even as new and previously believed conquered diseases are resurging and spreading internationally, threatening not only human health but also animal and environmental health. Added to this, environmental degradation and our shifting climate are presenting new challenges, while the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI), cuttingedge technologies, the proliferation of misinformation, disinformation, conspiracy theories, anti-science and anti-vax movements, as well as rising geopolitical tensions, has ensured that collectively we have a potent mix of challenges to confront in order to make the world safer and healthier for all. In this broader context, the need for a multisectoral, multidisciplinary meeting in which some of the world’s best minds examine the latest scientific evidence, identify gaps, build new partnerships, forge alliances, and build and strengthen a community of practice where we can learn from each other, has never been more important or critical.”

NEW: Complying with the New Biosecurity Requirements for Industry Webinar

“RTX BBN Technologies and Aclid invite you to a deep dive on the U.S. government’s “Framework for Nucleic Acid Synthesis Screening”. Discover its impact on biosecurity screening standards and the steps required to achieve compliance before the October 2024 deadline.”

“Hear from thought leaders from Battelle, International Biosecurity and Biosafety Initiative for Science (IBBIS), National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), US Department of Health and Human Services and Twist Bioscience!”

“Secure your spot now — registration closes on September 16 at 12:00pm ET.”

“The webinar takes place on September 19th, 2024 from 1:00pm – 2:00pm

Register here.

NEW: Session on Public Stakeholder Perspectives for Potential Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Research Priorities

From NASEM: “On Monday, September 23, from 12:00 pm to 5:00 pm ET, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine will host an open online public listening session to hear perspectives from stakeholders on potential research priorities for the ongoing Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5N1) outbreak. Members of the public are invited to participate and register to provide a presentation during this listening session.”

“This event will be held to inform planning for Potential Research Priorities to Inform Readiness and Response to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5N1): A Workshop.”

Learn more and register here.

NEW: MPOX: A Public Health Emergency of International Concern

From the Brown Pandemic Center: “On September 27th at 12:00PM ET the Pandemic Center will host a webinar titled Mpox: A Public Health Emergency of International Concern.

“In August, the World Health Organization declared the mpox outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and neighboring countries a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC). At the time of the declaration, the DRC had reported 27,000 mpox cases, mainly in children, and 1,100 deaths since the beginning of 2023. The WHO has since announced a six month plan to stanch the outbreak, which includes boosting surveillance, increasing staffing in affected countries and improving access to vaccines, among many other measures.”

“This webinar will convene a panel of experts to discuss the current situation and what the global health community should be doing. It will be hosted by Jennifer Nuzzo, Director of the Pandemic Center and Professor of Epidemiology at the Brown University School of Public Health. The panel will include:

Dr. Placide Mbala, Associate Professor, University of Kinshasa School of Medicine & Head of the Epidemiology and Global Health Division, National Institute of Biomedical Research, Democratic Republic of Congo

Dr. Christy Hutson, Senior Science Advisor for Clade I Mpox Response & Chief of the Poxvirus and Rabies Branch at CDC”

“This webinar is part of the Pandemics & Society series, created and sponsored by the Pandemic Center at the Brown University School of Public Health, which focuses on current pandemic threats and response systems as well as how to build preparedness for the future.”

Learn more and register here.

BSL4ZNet International Conference

“The Biosafety Level 4 Zoonotic Laboratory Network (BSL4ZNet) is an international group of federal institutions in Australia, Germany, United Kingdom, United States and Canada responsible for high-containment laboratories that allows countries to work together to respond to dangerous zoonotic diseases that spread between animals and people.”

“The 2024 BSL4ZNet International Conference is taking place in September 2024. This year’s theme is “Emerging disease meets innovative science. The working language of the BSL4ZNet is English. The 2024 BSL4ZNet International Conference will be presented in English only.”

“The 2024 BSL4ZNet International Conference includes 4 sessions:

  • Wednesday, September 4: Threats and challenges – Delving into topics such as Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI), Climate-Related Risks, and the nuanced landscape of Science Communication amidst Misinformation/Disinformation Challenges.
  • Wednesday, September 11: Innovation and emerging technologies – Innovation and Emerging Technologies: Exploring the latest advancements and breakthroughs in the realm of emerging technologies shaping our response to infectious diseases.
  • Wednesday, September 18: Biosecurity and biosafety – Addressing critical issues surrounding biosecurity and biosafety measures, crucial pillars in combating zoonotic diseases
  • Wednesday, September 25: Innovation for BSL4 activities and challenges – Featuring an enlightening panel discussion focusing on innovative approaches to address challenges inherent to BSL4 activities.”

Learn more and register here.

Pandemics, Climate, Health, Conflict: Preventing Future Shocks

From the Pandemic Action Network (PAN): “How can this year’s UN Summit of the Future (Sept. 22-23) serve as a springboard for action in the year ahead?”

“Join PAN, the Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response, and RANA for Pandemics, Climate, Conflict: Preventing Future Shocks on Sept. 24. This event will include former Heads of State and government, senior policymakers, and non-governmental leaders sharing their perspectives on the current political state of play, opportunities, and actions necessary to ensure we are prepared to respond to, and prevent, future global shocks.”

“Please register to indicate interest. Confirmation, full program, and location details to follow. In-person space is limited for this event.”

Responsible AI: Design, Development, and Use

Join the Mason Autonomy and Robotics Center (MARC) for this 3-day in-person course on Responsible AI: Design, Development, and Use!  As AI becomes increasingly pervasive across various domains, it is essential that we prioritize responsible principles, policies, and practices. Learn from top AI scholars and industry experts about ethical and safe AI deployment. You’ll also gain the critical skills to navigate the complexities of AI in business, healthcare, transportation and more.
Course Dates: October 15-17, 2024
Registration Deadline: October 8, 2024

FLUency: True Expertise and Effectiveness in the Battle Against Influenza

“This Commission meeting, FLUency: True Expertise and Effectiveness in the Battle Against Influenza, will be held on Tuesday, October 8th, in Washington, DC. The focus of this meeting will be to provide the Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense with a better understanding of: (1) national leadership to defend food and agriculture against influenza; (2) federal operational requirements for preparedness, coordination, and response; (3) biosurveillance, forecasting, and the need for diagnostic tests; and (4) front-line needs and partnerships in the fight against influenza.”

This event will take place in-person on October 8 from 9:20 am to 2 pm EST. Learn more and register here.

Register now: https://bit.ly/3zMvZOR

NEW: BWC Advanced Education Course

“State Parties, particularly from the Global South, often lack the resources, knowledge, and expertise to participate in the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) diplomatic process more meaningfully. To address this challenge, UNIDIR, Diplo Foundation and FRS are organizing the BWC Advanced Education Course (BWCedu).”

“The course will equip key stakeholders – government officials in capital with responsibilities in BWC implementation, aspiring and active diplomats and life scientists working on BWC issues and biological threats – with the essential knowledge, skills and expertise to actively participate in the BWC diplomatic process and thus contribute to a stronger and more effective Convention.”

“The BWCedu comprises a five-month advanced education programme. Through this programme, 25 participants will gain in-depth knowledge of the Convention, the diplomatic landscape and relevant scientific advancements.”

“The course will employ diverse learning methods, including online lectures, real-time engagement through webinars with experts and Working Group delegates and a week-long interactive in-person session in Geneva. Course participants will be provided with access to a collection of resources and information to support independent study on aspects of the BWC.”

“In its first iteration, the comprehensive programme will focus on the current Working Group agenda items, including the two mechanisms on science & technology and international cooperation and assistance being developed for consideration at the Tenth Review Conference, or earlier at a Special Conference if requested by a majority of State Parties. The course will prepare participants for ongoing engagement in the evolving framework of the BWC, empowering them to contribute to informed decision-making.”

Applications close on September 29. Learn more and apply here.

Associate Professor (Health Security) – Practice Track Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore 

“The Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, is seeking an exceptional and motivated early to mid-career academic to join our faculty as an Assistant or Associate Professor in Health Security. This position is designed for candidates with expertise in health security, biosecurity or related fields, with a strong public health background, and who are passionate about research, teaching, and contributing to global health initiatives. The successful candidate will play a pivotal role in advancing the school’s Asia Centre for Health Security in improving health security across Asia and beyond. Details on the position can be found here.”

“The Asia Centre for Health Security (Asia CHS, https://asia-chs.org/) is a new research and policy centre in Singapore focused on preventing high-consequence biological risks of any origin. Asia CHS was established at the NUS Saw See Hock School of Public Health, in collaboration with the NTU’s Rajaratnam School of International Studies and the Singapore National Centre for Infectious Diseases. The centre was founded with philanthropic gifts from several Asian and European donors totaling more than $7M for the Centre’s first three years of operations.”

Call for Experts – Technical Advisory Group on Laboratory Services, Systems and Diagnostics in Health Emergencies

“The World Health Organization (WHO) is seeking experts to serve as members of the WHO Technical Advisory Group on Laboratory Services, Systems and Diagnostics in Health Emergencies (TAG-LAB). This “Call for experts” provides information about the advisory group in question, the expert profiles being sought, the process to express interest, and the process of selection.”

“Well-functioning and sustainable laboratory services, systems and diagnostics, operating according to international principles of equity, quality and safety, are essential to implement the International Health Regulations (2005)1 and achieve global health security. The World Health Organization (WHO) recently published the health emergency prevention, preparedness, response and resilience (HEPR) framework, describing the critical role of the laboratory to implement Collaborative Surveillance.”

“Laboratories also provide essential data to guide clinical care and inform coordination operations, as well as public health and social measures, in a range of emergency situations including outbreaks of pandemic and epidemic prone pathogens and humanitarian settings involving conflict, protracted crises and natural or man-made disasters. Considering this, a global strategy focused on laboratory services, systems and diagnostics for health emergencies is needed to address all of these contexts.” 

“This strategy will connect global efforts and advance implementation of the laboratory components of the HEPR framework and World Health Assembly (WHA) Resolution 74.7 on strengthening WHO preparedness for and response to health emergencies that called for countries to “strengthen laboratory-based detection capacities”.”

“In this context, WHO is establishing a Technical advisory group on laboratory, services, systems and diagnostics for health emergencies (“TAG-LAB”). The TAG-LAB will act as an advisory body to WHO in this field.”

“The TAG-LAB is multidisciplinary, with members who have a range of technical knowledge, skills and experience relevant to virus evolution. Up to 25 Members may be selected. WHO welcomes expressions of interest from experts in laboratory services, systems or diagnostics, clinical scientists, academic researchers, healthcare professionals, or others with expertise in one or more of the following areas:

  • Laboratory Systems
  • Laboratory Services
  • Diagnostics
  • National and International Policy, Regulation and Guidance
  • Biosafety
  • Biosecurity
  • Bioinformatics
  • Clinical Management
  • Outbreak Preparedness, Response and Resilience
  • Emergency response in humanitarian settings involving conflict, protracted crises and natural or man-made disasters
  • Academic Research
  • Public Health
  • Virology, Microbiology, Mycology, and Emerging or Re-emerging diseases”

Learn more and submit and expression of interest here by September 30.

Call for Experts: Health-Security Interface Technical Advisory Group (HSI-TAG)

“The World Health Organization (WHO) is seeking two experts to serve as new members of the Health-Security Interface Technical Advisory Group (HSI-TAG). This “Call for experts” provides information about the advisory group in question, the expert profiles being sought, the process to express interest, and the process of selection.”

“The concept of Health-Security Interface (HSI) applies to those public health activities whose performance involves to some extent the security sector broadly understood (e.g. international and non-governmental organizations, civil defense, military health personnel, law enforcement and armed forces, defense-related research programmes), certain international organizations and other entities with a security relevant mandate. These activities may include protection of health from traditional and emerging infectious disease threats; deliberate events and investigation of alleged use of chemical and biological agents including non-permissive environments and conflict zones; and any health activities performed in collaboration with security actors.”

“The HSI-TAG is multidisciplinary, with members who have a range of technical knowledge, skills and experience relevant to the Health-Security Interface.”

“Considering the recent developments and global trends, the Secretariat realized that there was a need to strengthen the following areas of expertise/experience, hence welcomes expressions of interest from:

  • Bioterrorism experts (knowledge on pathogens of security concern, their microbiological characterization and application/modification for weaponization, diagnostics, countermeasures and containment measures),
  • Decision/policy makers with hands-on experience dealing with significant deliberate event(s) (biological/chemical) response at the local, regional, or national level.”

“For the improved geographical and gender representation of the HSI-TAG members, the WHO Secretariat encourages applications from the WHO African, Western Pacific, European, Eastern Mediterranean and Pan American Health Organization/Americas regions and female or non-male gender identities.”

Learn more about the HSI and express interest by October 7 here.

The Nonproliferation Review Special Issue on Understanding the Nexus Between AI and WMD

“The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) presents significant opportunities and challenges for WMD nonproliferation. On the one hand, AI introduces new risks in which state and non-state actors could employ these new technologies to enable weapons development and use. AI could introduce other existential risks, some of which we may not have imagined previously. However, AI also has the potential to be a powerful tool for detecting and analyzing proliferation risks, supporting arms-control verification and treaty negotiation, and gaining new insights into the decision calculus of proliferators. Even the benefits of AI come with major risks when applied to WMD nonproliferation. To harness these benefits, policy makers must also contend with a new set of risks, including cyber-vulnerabilities that are relatively new to WMD nonproliferation but inherent to AI systems that rely upon software, hardware, and penetrable networks. The breathtaking pace of progress in the development of AI demands urgent action from the WMD-nonproliferation community to get ahead of this curve. Policy makers confront a closing window to steer outcomes toward the positive and need new insights to help them navigate these challenges.”

“This special issue will examine specific risks and opportunities at the nexus of WMD and AI while highlighting some of the general implications of AI for the WMD-nonproliferation field. Authors will be expected to conduct interviews with subject-matter experts and/or engage in other original empirical research to ensure the paper makes an original contribution and provides a technical perspective to the ongoing discussion among scholars and policy makers (see journal guidelines for more information). We welcome submissions from both academic and policy angles, but we are targeting policy makers working at the nexus of AI and WMD as the primary audience for this issue.”

Learn more here.

Pandora Report 9.6.2024

Happy September! This week’s edition of the Pandora Report discusses promising outcomes from early studies of Moderna’s mpox vaccine candidate, H5N1 in Californian dairy cows, Pathoplexus’ launch, Google DeepMind’s AlphaProteo, and more.

Biodefense Program Virtual Information Sessions

If you are interested in a career in biodefense or global health security or want to develop the knowledge and skills necessary to work at the nexus of health, science, and security, find out what the MS and PhD Biodefense degrees at the Schar School of Policy and Government have to offer. The MS in Biodefense offers the option of completing the degree entirely online. The virtual information session for the MS in Biodefense will be held on September 11 at 1 PM ET. This information session will provide an overview of the program, as well as the application process, student experience and graduate outcomes. Register here.

The PhD in Biodefense virtual open house will be held on September 18 from 5:30-7:30 PM ET. Register here.

Moderna’s Mpox Vaccine Bests Bavarian Nordic’s In Early Testing

Amid the sprint to develop new and improved mpox vaccines, Moderna, the biotech company probably best known for its SPIKEVAX COVID-19 vaccine, has found early success with its mRNA vaccine candidate targeted at mpox. The candidate-mRNA-1769-recently outperformed the dominant JYNNEOS vaccine from Bavarian Nordic, showing itself to be better at preventing severe disease and reducing viral loads in monkeys. In an article from Fierce Biotech, Jean Nachega, an epidemiologist at the University of Pittsburgh, was quoted saying, “The mRNA-1769 vaccine appears promising. The vaccine’s ability to elicit a strong immune response, combining neutralizing and functional antibodies, suggests its potential as an effective tool against mpox.”

California Dairy Cows Test Positive for H5N1

Animals at three dairy farms in California have tested positive for bird flu, the California Department of Food and Agriculture reported late last week. This marks the 14th US state to report cases of H5N1 in dairy cattle, this time in the top milk-producing state in the country. More than 190 herds have been infected across the country since March, in addition to 13 workers from dairy and poultry farms. The jump from birds to cows and human infections are worrying because they mean the virus may have the opportunity to mutate and spread from person-to-person, though risk to the general public remains low.

Pathoplexus Promises to be Simple to Use, Transparent

A group of scientists, in response to difficulties faced during the COVID-19 pandemic in using the primary database for sharing SARS-CoV-2 sequences, has created an open-source database focused on some of the world’s deadliest viruses. A ScienceAdivser article explains further: “Called Pathoplexus, the database launched this week at first will focus on the Sudan and Zaire strains of Ebola virus, as well as Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus and West Nile virus. Like similar databases, it hopes to help communities derail outbreaks before they grow, and, if that fails, better respond to epidemics and pandemics. “We believe that building trust through transparency is essential for encouraging broader participation in data sharing,” says Pathoplexus co-founder Anderson Fernandes de Brito, a computational biologist at the All for Health Institute.”

“But Pathoplexus aims to stand apart in other ways—especially compared with the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) database, which has become a central repository of sequences for the viruses that cause COVID-19, influenza, mpox, pneumonia, chikungunya, dengue, and Zika. GISAID has been harshly criticized for concealing its finances and governance, and several scientists have complained about its founder, erstwhile businessman Peter Bogner, and his representatives reprimanding them for how they use the database and even cutting off access during disputes.”

Read more here.

Google DeepMind Creates AI System That Generates Proteins That Binds to Target Molecules

Google DeepMind recently introduced AlphaProteo, the company’s “…first AI system for designing novel, high-strength binders to serve as building blocks for biological and health research.” They explain in their press release that, “Protein design is a fast-evolving technology that holds lots of potential for advancing science in everything from understanding the factors that cause disease, to accelerating diagnostic test development for virus outbreaks, supporting more sustainable manufacturing processes, and even cleaning contaminants from the environment.”

“To account for potential risks in biosecurity, building on our long-standing approach to responsibility and safety, we’re working with leading external experts to inform our phased approach to sharing this work, and feeding into community efforts to develop best practices, including the NTI’s (Nuclear Threat Initiative) new AI Bio Forum.”

“Going forward, we’ll be working with the scientific community to leverage AlphaProteo on impactful biology problems and understand its limitations. We’ve also been exploring its drug design applications at Isomorphic Labs, and are excited for what the future holds.”

“At the same time, we’re continuing to improve the success rate and affinity of AlphaProteo’s algorithms, expanding the range of design problems it can tackle, and working with researchers in machine learning, structural biology, biochemistry and other disciplines to develop a responsible and more comprehensive protein design offering for the community.”

Read the accompanying white paper, “De novo design of high-affinity protein binders with AlphaProteo,” here.

Center for Health Security at Johns Hopkins Launches Gene Synthesis Screening Information Hub

The Center for Health Security at Johns Hopkins University announced this week the launch of the Gene Synthesis Screening Information Hub, “…a new online platform dedicated to helping nucleic acid synthesis providers, manufacturers, and customers adhere to a new federal Framework aimed at preventing intentional misuse of synthetic nucleic acids and supporting safe scientific research practices in the United States.”

Learn more about the hub here and new US policies on nucleic acid synthesis screening here.

Members of Congress Introduce HR 9194, Nucleic Acid Standards in Biosecurity Act

Congresswoman Yadira Caraveo (D-CO) and Congressman Rich McCormick (R-GA) recently announced the introduction of HR 9194, Nucleic Acid Standards in Biosecurity Act. Caraveo’s press release on the bill explained, “Biotechnology companies routinely produce custom-ordered nucleic acids, such as DNA, for university, industry, nonprofit, and government researchers. Given the increases in production, there must be larger actions taken to establish and develop industry standards for best practices or standards for identifying, flagging, and screening nucleic acid sequences of concern. Given the use of nucleic acid synthesis in downstream biologic activities, such as developing diagnostic tests or engineering antibodies to treat diseases, the development of screening best practices and standards requires careful deliberation by stakeholders.”

“These best practices must minimize risks while also supporting stakeholders to use nucleic acids for research and development to drive major societal benefits as well as contributions to economic and national security. This challenge will only grow as Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems improve in their capabilities to design complex sequences consisting of natural or engineered properties that might go unnoticed by traditional detection methods.”

“The Nucleic Acid Standards for Biosecurity Act would authorize consortium activities at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to support the development and improvement of best practices and technical standards for biosecurity measures related to nucleic acid synthesis. Specifically, it would:

  • Mitigate potential risks without compromising biotechnology innovation and American biotechnology leadership. This bill gives industry the tools to evaluate the performance of their screening systems, which are critically important as technical capabilities in engineering biology, artificial intelligence, and other areas grow.
  • Authorize a consortium that includes representatives from industry, institutions of higher education, nonprofit organizations, and customers to develop consensus best practices and standards.
  • Provide technical guidance useful for practitioners by authorizing the development of voluntary, consensus-based technical standards and operational guidance useful for both industry and customers.”

“Preventing a Pandemic: Koblentz Promotes New Federal Agency at U.S. Senate Hearing”

This news post from the Schar School discusses Biodefense Graduate Program Director Gregory Koblentz’s recent testimony before the US Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Government Affairs: “At a U.S. Senate Committee hearing on the origins of COVID-19 in June, Schar School associate professor Gregory Koblentz advocated for the creation of a new federal agency to manage the oversight of biological and pandemic risks. Koblentz, director of the Schar School’s biodefense program, emphasized that instead of trying to uncover the definitive origin of COVID-19 we should instead learn lessons from that mystery.”

“Russian Foreign Policy on Global Health: A Mini-Series Exploring Russian Foreign Policy on Global Health”

This mini-series from Think Global Health includes three articles: “A New Era for Russian Foreign Policy on Global Health” by Nataliya Shok, “Russian Cooperation with Venezuela Integrates Health” by Julio S. Castro Méndez and Victoria E. Castro Trujillo, and “Russia’s Growing Footprint on the African Health Landscape” by Aloysius Ssennyonjo and Eric Ssegujja.

“Farmed Fur Animals Harbour Viruses with Zoonotic Spillover Potential”

Zhao et al. recently published this article in Nature: “Animals such as raccoon dogs, mink and muskrats are farmed for fur and are sometimes used as food or medicinal products1,2, yet they are also potential reservoirs of emerging pathogens3. Here we performed single-sample metatranscriptomic sequencing of internal tissues from 461 individual fur animals that were found dead due to disease. We characterized 125 virus species, including 36 that were novel and 39 at potentially high risk of cross-species transmission, including zoonotic spillover. Notably, we identified seven species of coronaviruses, expanding their known host range, and documented the cross-species transmission of a novel canine respiratory coronavirus to raccoon dogs and of bat HKU5-like coronaviruses to mink, present at a high abundance in lung tissues. Three subtypes of influenza A virus—H1N2, H5N6 and H6N2—were detected in the lungs of guinea pig, mink and muskrat, respectively. Multiple known zoonotic viruses, such as Japanese encephalitis virus and mammalian orthoreovirus4,5, were detected in guinea pigs. Raccoon dogs and mink carried the highest number of potentially high-risk viruses, while viruses from the CoronaviridaeParamyxoviridae and Sedoreoviridae families commonly infected multiple hosts. These data also reveal potential virus transmission between farmed animals and wild animals, and from humans to farmed animals, indicating that fur farming represents an important transmission hub for viral zoonoses.”

Read a summary and discussion of the implications of this study from Jon Cohen for ScienceAdviser here.

“WHO Global Framework to Define and Guide Studies Into the Origins of Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens with Epidemic and Pandemic Potential”

This new technical document is from the WHO Scientific Advisory Group for the Origins of Novel Pathogens: “The WHO global framework to define and guide studies into the origins of emerging and re-emerging pathogens with epidemic and pandemic potential, developed by the Scientific Advisory Group for the Origins of Novel Pathogens (SAGO) has been designed as a resource for Member States. It provides, for the first time, comprehensive guidance on the studies that are needed to investigate the origins of emerging and reemerging pathogens.”

“Timely investigations into pathogens’ origins are critical for preventing and containing global health crises. Their findings provide the basis for stopping outbreaks before they begin, halting transmission chains and reducing the risk of pathogen spillover from animals to humans. They can also confirm or exclude the possibility of an unintentional breach in laboratory biosafety and biosecurity.” 

“The framework also offers recommendations on the capacities needed to conduct these studies and the critical importance of sharing all findings as soon as possible to guide next steps.”

“A Biomanufacturing Plan to Confront Future Biological Threats: Expert Panel Policy Review and Near-Term Recommendations”

The Council on Strategic Risks’ Nolan Center recently released this report. Its executive summary explains in part “The rising incidence of infectious disease outbreaks, re-emerging pathogens, and antimicrobial resistance, as well as the rising risk of future pandemics, highlight the urgent need for a close examination of our medical countermeasure production and response strategy, and implementation of changes where they are most needed. Some progress was made in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, with extensive investment and interest in the development of broad-based diagnostics and medical countermeasures that can be advanced rapidly to address current and emerging biological threats. However, in an urgent event, the ability of such new technology to bring diagnostic kits, therapeutics, vaccines, and personal protective equipment to those in need is limited by how long it takes to scale up and produce these items at the needed quantities. Being responsive and meeting threat-driven emergent government requirements necessitates a manufacturing system that is agile, adaptable, and able to rapidly produce large quantities in a distributed manner.”

“One promising way to do this is through biomanufacturing.”

“Biomanufacturing, the process of using biological compounds or biological systems to manufacture products, lends itself to all of the above requirements and provides an industrial process that can improve US preparedness.1 It has significant potential to increase the resilience of our healthcare systems and economy, spur economic growth, and minimize dependence on foreign manufacturing for pharmaceuticals.”

“Two key US government documents have begun to envision aspects of a national biomanufacturing approach: Executive Order 14081 on Advancing Biotechnology and Biomanufacturing Innovation for a Sustainable, Safe, and Secure American Bioeconomy (issued in September 2022) and the National Biodefense Strategy and Implementation Plan for Countering Biological Threats, Enhancing Pandemic Preparedness, and Achieving Global Health Security (released in October 2022).2 However, meeting these goals and requirements will require a whole-of-government approach along with public-private partnering efforts. Existing government capabilities and knowledge need to be leveraged, the private sector needs incentives and de-risking, the workforce needs to be trained and expanded, information and forecasting from pathogen early warning systems need to be fully distributed and rapidly shared, and pandemic response exercises using biomanufacturing need to be periodically conducted.”

Read more here.

“Eight Former CDC Directors: Hollowing Out the CDC Is a Prescription for Disaster”

William Foege, William Roper, Jeffrey Koplan, Julie Gerberding, Tom Frieden, Brenda Fitzgerald, Robert Redfield, and Rochelle Walensky, all former directors of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, recently authored this article for STAT News. They write in part, “As former directors of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, we are deeply concerned that recent recommendations to pare back the CDC would cost lives and damage the economy…One misguided narrative is that the CDC should focus only on a “core mission” of combatting infectious diseases. In fact, the core mission of the CDC is to save lives and protect Americans from all health threats — not only infectious diseases but also cancer, environmental risks, injuries, and the conditions that are the leading causes of death among Americans.”

“Boom, Now Bust: Budget Cuts and Layoffs Take Hold in Public Health”

Jazmin Orozco Rodriguez discusses the currently-unfolding consequences of public health’s boom-and-bust funding cycle in this piece for KFF Health News: “Even as federal aid poured into state budgets in response to the covid-19 pandemic, public health leaders warned of a boom-and-bust funding cycle on the horizon as the emergency ended and federal grants sunsetted. Now, that drought has become reality and state governments are slashing budgets that feed local health departments.”

“Identifying Pathogens in the Field with F-FAST”

Parker Martin discusses the Army’s Far-Forward Advanced Sequencing Technology (F-FAST) and its ability to identify biothreats in far-forward environments: “Future battlefields require an on-the-go approach to the identification of whatever biological threat our warfighters may come across. One such approach — Far-Forward Advanced Sequencing Technology, or F-FAST – uses rapid DNA and RNA sequencing systems for biothreat identification in far-forward environments.”

“While these types of tests normally require a degree of scientific know-how, researchers at the U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center (DEVCOM CBC) are working to make F-FAST’s rapid testing methods quicker and simpler than ever to address all potential biothreats – including those that are emerging and genetically modified.”

Journal of Strategic Trade Control Special Issue: Training Programs to Counter Current and Emerging Biological and Chemical Proliferation Risks: Themes, Practices, and Lessons Learnt

This special issue of the Journal of Strategic Trade Control includes articles like “The Nun Who Broke America’s Nuclear Sanctum: The Use of Case Studies in CBRN Nonproliferation Training,” “Training to Embrace Uncertainties? The ‘Pathway Evolution Process’ Serious Game for Assessing Toxic Waste Program,” “Addressing the Biological Security Educational Gap,” and more.

NEW: Schar School Master’s and Certificate Virtual Open House

Prospective students are invited to join the Schar School of Policy and Government at George Mason University for our Master’s and Certificate Virtual Open House! The Schar School offers flexible part-time or full-time options for graduate certificate and master’s degree programs that teach applicable, real-world skills for in-demand careers.

This virtual event is the perfect opportunity to:
•    Explore our top-ranked master’s degree and graduate certificate programs;
•    Meet the graduate admissions team and program faculty;
•    Learn about your program of interest in depth, including the curriculum, admissions requirements, and career opportunities; and
•    Ask admissions team members specific questions about the application process.

WHEN: Monday, September 30, 7-8 p.m. Eastern

Learn more and register here.

NEW: The Role of AI in Advancing Public Health

From ICF: “For health departments that a short time ago were struggling to move from faxing to online reporting, the leap into the world of artificial intelligence (AI) may seem like a bridge too far. Even those with well-resourced data systems might find it challenging to grasp AI’s impact. However, AI has the potential to revolutionize how work gets done in local, state, tribal and territorial public health departments, improving day-to-day operations and unlocking new ways to advance health outcomes.”

“In this webinar, leading public health experts explore how AI can optimize operations at local, state, and national levels—from transforming data collection, analytics, and forecasting to customizing communication messages, responding to misinformation, and targeting resources to better promote equity.”

This event will take place at 12 pm EST on September 12. Learn more and register here

NEW: Pandemics, Climate, Health, Conflict: Preventing Future Shocks

From the Pandemic Action Network (PAN): “How can this year’s UN Summit of the Future (Sept. 22-23) serve as a springboard for action in the year ahead?”

“Join PAN, the Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response, and RANA for Pandemics, Climate, Conflict: Preventing Future Shocks on Sept. 24. This event will include former Heads of State and government, senior policymakers, and non-governmental leaders sharing their perspectives on the current political state of play, opportunities, and actions necessary to ensure we are prepared to respond to, and prevent, future global shocks.”

“Please register to indicate interest. Confirmation, full program, and location details to follow. In-person space is limited for this event.”

NEW: FLUency: True Expertise and Effectiveness in the Battle Against Influenza

“This Commission meeting, FLUency: True Expertise and Effectiveness in the Battle Against Influenza, will be held on Tuesday, October 8th, in Washington, DC. The focus of this meeting will be to provide the Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense with a better understanding of: (1) national leadership to defend food and agriculture against influenza; (2) federal operational requirements for preparedness, coordination, and response; (3) biosurveillance, forecasting, and the need for diagnostic tests; and (4) front-line needs and partnerships in the fight against influenza.”

This event will take place in-person on October 8 from 9:20 am to 2 pm EST. Learn more and register here.

NEW: Responsible AI: Design, Development, and Use

Join the Mason Autonomy and Robotics Center (MARC) for this 3-day in-person course on Responsible AI: Design, Development, and Use!  As AI becomes increasingly pervasive across various domains, it is essential that we prioritize responsible principles, policies, and practices. Learn from top AI scholars and industry experts about ethical and safe AI deployment. You’ll also gain the critical skills to navigate the complexities of AI in business, healthcare, transportation and more.
Course Dates: October 15-17, 2024
Registration Deadline: October 8, 2024

Register now: https://bit.ly/3zMvZOR

BSL4ZNet International Conference

“The Biosafety Level 4 Zoonotic Laboratory Network (BSL4ZNet) is an international group of federal institutions in Australia, Germany, United Kingdom, United States and Canada responsible for high-containment laboratories that allows countries to work together to respond to dangerous zoonotic diseases that spread between animals and people.”

“The 2024 BSL4ZNet International Conference is taking place in September 2024. This year’s theme is “Emerging disease meets innovative science. The working language of the BSL4ZNet is English. The 2024 BSL4ZNet International Conference will be presented in English only.”

“The 2024 BSL4ZNet International Conference includes 4 sessions:

  • Wednesday, September 4: Threats and challenges – Delving into topics such as Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI), Climate-Related Risks, and the nuanced landscape of Science Communication amidst Misinformation/Disinformation Challenges.
  • Wednesday, September 11: Innovation and emerging technologies – Innovation and Emerging Technologies: Exploring the latest advancements and breakthroughs in the realm of emerging technologies shaping our response to infectious diseases.
  • Wednesday, September 18: Biosecurity and biosafety – Addressing critical issues surrounding biosecurity and biosafety measures, crucial pillars in combating zoonotic diseases
  • Wednesday, September 25: Innovation for BSL4 activities and challenges – Featuring an enlightening panel discussion focusing on innovative approaches to address challenges inherent to BSL4 activities.”

Associate Professor (Health Security) – Practice Track Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore 

“The Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, is seeking an exceptional and motivated early to mid-career academic to join our faculty as an Assistant or Associate Professor in Health Security. This position is designed for candidates with expertise in health security, biosecurity or related fields, with a strong public health background, and who are passionate about research, teaching, and contributing to global health initiatives. The successful candidate will play a pivotal role in advancing the school’s Asia Centre for Health Security in improving health security across Asia and beyond. Details on the position can be found here.”

“The Asia Centre for Health Security (Asia CHS, https://asia-chs.org/) is a new research and policy centre in Singapore focused on preventing high-consequence biological risks of any origin. Asia CHS was established at the NUS Saw See Hock School of Public Health, in collaboration with the NTU’s Rajaratnam School of International Studies and the Singapore National Centre for Infectious Diseases. The centre was founded with philanthropic gifts from several Asian and European donors totaling more than $7M for the Centre’s first three years of operations.”

Call for Experts – Technical Advisory Group on Laboratory Services, Systems and Diagnostics in Health Emergencies

“The World Health Organization (WHO) is seeking experts to serve as members of the WHO Technical Advisory Group on Laboratory Services, Systems and Diagnostics in Health Emergencies (TAG-LAB). This “Call for experts” provides information about the advisory group in question, the expert profiles being sought, the process to express interest, and the process of selection.”

“Well-functioning and sustainable laboratory services, systems and diagnostics, operating according to international principles of equity, quality and safety, are essential to implement the International Health Regulations (2005)1 and achieve global health security. The World Health Organization (WHO) recently published the health emergency prevention, preparedness, response and resilience (HEPR) framework, describing the critical role of the laboratory to implement Collaborative Surveillance.”

“Laboratories also provide essential data to guide clinical care and inform coordination operations, as well as public health and social measures, in a range of emergency situations including outbreaks of pandemic and epidemic prone pathogens and humanitarian settings involving conflict, protracted crises and natural or man-made disasters. Considering this, a global strategy focused on laboratory services, systems and diagnostics for health emergencies is needed to address all of these contexts.” 

“This strategy will connect global efforts and advance implementation of the laboratory components of the HEPR framework and World Health Assembly (WHA) Resolution 74.7 on strengthening WHO preparedness for and response to health emergencies that called for countries to “strengthen laboratory-based detection capacities”.”

“In this context, WHO is establishing a Technical advisory group on laboratory, services, systems and diagnostics for health emergencies (“TAG-LAB”). The TAG-LAB will act as an advisory body to WHO in this field.”

“The TAG-LAB is multidisciplinary, with members who have a range of technical knowledge, skills and experience relevant to virus evolution. Up to 25 Members may be selected. WHO welcomes expressions of interest from experts in laboratory services, systems or diagnostics, clinical scientists, academic researchers, healthcare professionals, or others with expertise in one or more of the following areas:

  • Laboratory Systems
  • Laboratory Services
  • Diagnostics
  • National and International Policy, Regulation and Guidance
  • Biosafety
  • Biosecurity
  • Bioinformatics
  • Clinical Management
  • Outbreak Preparedness, Response and Resilience
  • Emergency response in humanitarian settings involving conflict, protracted crises and natural or man-made disasters
  • Academic Research
  • Public Health
  • Virology, Microbiology, Mycology, and Emerging or Re-emerging diseases”

Learn more and submit and expression of interest here by September 30.

Call for Experts: Health-Security Interface Technical Advisory Group (HSI-TAG)

“The World Health Organization (WHO) is seeking two experts to serve as new members of the Health-Security Interface Technical Advisory Group (HSI-TAG). This “Call for experts” provides information about the advisory group in question, the expert profiles being sought, the process to express interest, and the process of selection.”

“The concept of Health-Security Interface (HSI) applies to those public health activities whose performance involves to some extent the security sector broadly understood (e.g. international and non-governmental organizations, civil defense, military health personnel, law enforcement and armed forces, defense-related research programmes), certain international organizations and other entities with a security relevant mandate. These activities may include protection of health from traditional and emerging infectious disease threats; deliberate events and investigation of alleged use of chemical and biological agents including non-permissive environments and conflict zones; and any health activities performed in collaboration with security actors.”

“The HSI-TAG is multidisciplinary, with members who have a range of technical knowledge, skills and experience relevant to the Health-Security Interface.”

“Considering the recent developments and global trends, the Secretariat realized that there was a need to strengthen the following areas of expertise/experience, hence welcomes expressions of interest from:

  • Bioterrorism experts (knowledge on pathogens of security concern, their microbiological characterization and application/modification for weaponization, diagnostics, countermeasures and containment measures),
  • Decision/policy makers with hands-on experience dealing with significant deliberate event(s) (biological/chemical) response at the local, regional, or national level.”

“For the improved geographical and gender representation of the HSI-TAG members, the WHO Secretariat encourages applications from the WHO African, Western Pacific, European, Eastern Mediterranean and Pan American Health Organization/Americas regions and female or non-male gender identities.”

Learn more about the HSI and express interest by October 7 here.

The Nonproliferation Review Special Issue on Understanding the Nexus Between AI and WMD

“The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) presents significant opportunities and challenges for WMD nonproliferation. On the one hand, AI introduces new risks in which state and non-state actors could employ these new technologies to enable weapons development and use. AI could introduce other existential risks, some of which we may not have imagined previously. However, AI also has the potential to be a powerful tool for detecting and analyzing proliferation risks, supporting arms-control verification and treaty negotiation, and gaining new insights into the decision calculus of proliferators. Even the benefits of AI come with major risks when applied to WMD nonproliferation. To harness these benefits, policy makers must also contend with a new set of risks, including cyber-vulnerabilities that are relatively new to WMD nonproliferation but inherent to AI systems that rely upon software, hardware, and penetrable networks. The breathtaking pace of progress in the development of AI demands urgent action from the WMD-nonproliferation community to get ahead of this curve. Policy makers confront a closing window to steer outcomes toward the positive and need new insights to help them navigate these challenges.”

“This special issue will examine specific risks and opportunities at the nexus of WMD and AI while highlighting some of the general implications of AI for the WMD-nonproliferation field. Authors will be expected to conduct interviews with subject-matter experts and/or engage in other original empirical research to ensure the paper makes an original contribution and provides a technical perspective to the ongoing discussion among scholars and policy makers (see journal guidelines for more information). We welcome submissions from both academic and policy angles, but we are targeting policy makers working at the nexus of AI and WMD as the primary audience for this issue.”

Learn more here.

Pandora Report 8.30.2024

This week’s Pandora Report covers updates on mpox, COVID-19 misinformation, the US Government’s plan to re-launch its no-cost COVID-19 testing kit program, and more.

Mpox Updates

WHO Launches Global Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan

The WHO announced this week the launch of its global Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan that is designed to stop outbreaks of human-to-human transmission of mpox. According to the organization, “The plan covers the six-month period of September 2024-February 2025, envisioning a US$135 million funding need for the response by WHO, Member States, partners including Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), communities, and researchers, among others,” and it aims to coordinate this through global, regional, and national efforts.

Furthermore, “The plan, which builds on the temporary recommendations and standing recommendations issued by the WHO Director-General, focuses on implementing comprehensive surveillance, prevention, readiness and response strategies; advancing research and equitable access to medical countermeasures like diagnostic tests and vaccines; minimizing animal-to-human transmission; and empowering communities to actively participate in outbreak prevention and control.”

The same statement also says that WHO Regional Office for Africa (AFRO) will collaboratively spearhead the effort to respond to mpox in the WHO Africa Region with Africa CDC. It explains that “WHO AFRO and Africa CDC have agreed on a one-plan, one-budget approach as part of the Africa Continental Mpox Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan, currently under preparation.”

However, not everyone is convinced the WHO will find success in its approach. In a recent article for The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists titled “A new mpox variant is taking off in Africa. The WHO plan for stopping it isn’t realistic,” Georgios Pappas writes, “In the mpox-affected areas of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Central African Republic, local health care systems may lack in capabilities to deal with threats like mpox.  At the same time, political instability can be a barrier to improving health care facilities. Furthermore, malnutrition in the region predisposes children to unfavorable mpox outcomes. The WHO’s declaration of Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), the designation the body gives to the most threatening crises, should have served as a chance to support this lacking health infrastructure. But the proposals so far to address the crisis don’t appear to be rising to the occasion.”

DRC Struggles Without Adequate Access to Vaccines, Tests, and Treatments

Officials in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), the epicenter of the current mpox outbreak, say they are without the necessary resources to contain the outbreak and treat those who are infected. NYT‘s Stephanie Nolen explains in a recent piece that the country has limited ability to diagnose mpox cases, a particularly concerning fact as the transmission and presentation of the disease change. She also writes “There is no effective antiviral treatment for mpox in Congo. The country is also short on the medications necessary to treat people with painful mpox lesions. Its fragile public health system is struggling to provide those infected with basic care, which has been shown to improve survival rates even in the absence of antiviral drugs.”

The DRC also continues to want for mpox vaccines, despite the country requesting them two years ago and manufacturers saying they have the supplies. This is in large part because of the WHO’s regulatory process. In the years since the last worldwide mpox outbreak, the WHO has still yet to approve the vaccines nor issue an emergency use license for them. This prevents UNICEF and Gavi from helping to facilitate immunizations in developing countries as they require one of these forms of authorization.

As Nolen explains in another piece, many low- and middle-income countries depend on the WHO to make these judgments about vaccines and other pharmaceuticals, in contrast to high-income countries that rely on their own regulators. This is a problem as “…the organization is painfully risk-averse, concerned with a need to protect its trustworthiness and ill-prepared to act swiftly in emergencies,” according to Blair Hanewall, a global health consultant who “managed the W.H.O. approvals portfolio as a deputy director of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, a key funder, for more than a decade.”

Despite these roadblocks, the WHO announced today that mpox vaccines are set to arrive in the DRC over the next few days. 230,000 doses, which were donated by the European Commission and Bavarian Nordic, are immediately available to be dispatched.

Read More-“Mpox Vaccine Tracker: Millions Pledged, Millions Still Yet to Be Delivered,” Chloe Searchinger and Allison Krugman, Think Global Health

WHO Urges Diagnostic Test Rapid Access and Invites Manufacturers to Emergency Review

This week, the WHO also asked manufacturers of in vitro diagnostics (IVDs) for mpox to submit expressions of interest for Emergency Use Listing (EUL). This comes after discussions with these manufacturers about the need for IVDs, especially in low-income settings. WHO explained in its statement on the action that “With as many as 1000 suspected cases reported in the Democratic Republic of the Congo alone this week, the demand for diagnostic tests is on the rise. In this heavily affected country, WHO has worked with partners to scale up diagnostic capacity to respond to the upsurge of cases. Since May 2024, six additional labs have been equipped to diagnose mpox, enabling a decentralization of testing capacity from major cities to affected provinces. Two of these labs are in South Kivu, selected to respond to the outbreak of the new viral strain, called Ib. Thanks to these efforts, testing rates have dramatically improved in the country, with four times as many samples tested in 2024 so far as compared to 2023.”

US Government to Resume Offering COVID-19 Tests Through Mail at No Cost Again

Early this week, the US government announced it will again offer COVID-19 test kits to American households at no cost. Households will be able to order up to four COVID-19 nasal swab tests upon the program’s reopening. This announcement comes alongside urging people to seek out updated COVID-19 boosters before the fall and winter come. While many Americans do have some immunity to COVID-19 because of previous infections or immunizations, less than 25% of adults in the US got an updated COVID-19 vaccination last fall.

More Americans Believe COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation

Research from the University of Pennsylvania’s Annenberg Public Policy Center found that 28% of respondents incorrectly believe that COVID-19 vaccines are responsible for thousands of deaths. This is in contrast to 22% in June of 2021. Furthermore, the percentage of respondents who say this is false declined from 66% to 55% during the same time period. 22% believe it is safer to be infected rather than get the vaccine, in contrast to 10% in April of 2021. The belief that COVID-19 vaccines change patients’ DNA rose from 8% in April 2021 to 15% now. Finally, while about two-thirds of respondents said the benefits of COVID-19 vaccines outweigh the potential risks, this number is lower than those who believe the same for mpox, RSV, and MMR vaccines.

As Axios’ Adriel Bettelheim explains, “Previous polling has shown sizable numbers of Americans who believe COVID vaccine misinformation know they’re at odds with scientists and medical experts, suggesting that educating people on the science behind vaccines won’t change many minds.”

These trends are especially concerning given the United States’ renewed struggles with COVID-19 this summer and the push to prepare the public for the upcoming fall and winter respiratory virus season.

“International Talent Programs in the Changing Global Environment”

From the National Academies: “The U.S. science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workforce plays a vital role in fostering and sustaining innovation, economic competitiveness, and national security. This workforce currently depends, and for the foreseeable future will depend, on both international and domestic talent. Foreign STEM talent contributes to domestic innovation, economic growth, and U.S. leadership in science and technology and also expands perspectives and networks essential to future scientific collaborations and discoveries.”

“At the request of the U.S. Department of Defense, this report reviews foreign and domestic talent or incentive programs and their corresponding scientific, economic, and national security benefits. International Talent Programs in the Changing Global Environment makes recommendations to improve the effectiveness of U.S. mechanisms for attracting and retaining international students and scholars relative to the programs and incentives other nations use to support national research capabilities, especially in national security and defense-related fields.”

Sonia Ben Ouagrham-Gormley, an associate professor with George Mason’s Biodefense Graduate Program, provided the study committee with insight into China’s Thousand Talent Program.

“We Need a Global Framework for Promoting Safe Handling of High Consequence Pathogens”

Karlsson et al. authored this opinion piece for the BMJ, writing in their introduction “The covid-19 pandemic has highlighted ongoing concerns regarding biosafety and biosecurity procedures in global pathogen research. This includes questions about any possible role of field and laboratory research into the emergence of the SARS-COV-2 virus.1 The $125m Discovery and Exploration of Emerging Pathogens-Viral Zoonoses programme, funded by the US Agency for International Development, researching new zoonotic viruses was recently cancelled partly because of these concerns.2 This has raised broader discussion about the risks and benefits of viral surveillance and research. Limiting funds for pathogen surveillance and research compromises long term preparedness for pandemics and leaves pathogen spillover threats unmonitored. Rather than restrict scientific surveillance and research, a global safety governance framework that spans the entire pathogen value chain must be urgently developed. This must cover the life cycle of pathogen research, including collection, transportation, and laboratory handling.”

“Biotechs Bolster Biosecurity to Safeguard the Future of Nucleic Acid Sequencing”

Danielle Gerhard discusses expert calls for stricter security measures regarding synthetic DNA in this piece for The Scientist: “Since then, industry consortia and government bodies have stepped up to fill this gap and provide guidance on how DNA providers can help prevent biosecurity risks through enhanced screening frameworks. However, to keep pace with the evolving landscape of rapid technology advancements and requests for guidance from industry, the government has updated its framework for providers of these services, but some experts in the field call for end-users, including institutions, to take on more responsibility when it comes to minimizing the biosecurity risks associated with these technologies.”

“Can Operation Warp Speed Serve as a Model for Accelerating Innovations Beyond COVID Vaccines?”

Arielle D’Souza, Kendall Hoyt, Christopher M. Snyder, and Alec Stapp’s work on a framework for applying mission approaches and economic principles from Operation Warp Speed to other innovations was recently made available by the National Bureau of Economic Research: “Operation Warp Speed (OWS) was a U.S. government-led program to accelerate the development, production, and administration of COVID-19 vaccines. The program cut the typical ten-year timeline needed to develop a new vaccine down to ten months and began vaccinating vulnerable populations within a year after launch. OWS’s success has led to calls for a similar mission model to accelerate innovations addressing other pressing social needs, including a cure for Alzheimer’s disease or atmospheric-carbon removal to combat global warming. We provide a framework to understand which innovations call for a mission approach and apply economic principles to identify key design features that contributed to the success of OWS.”

“2022-2024 NBAF Science Accomplishments Report”

The US Department of Agriculture recently released this report on scientific accomplishments at the National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility in Manhattan, KS. The report covers NBAF’s mission and capabilities as well as accomplishments made by the ARS Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, ARS Foreign Arthropod-Borne Animal Disease Research Unit, ARS Zoonotic and Emerging Disease Research Unit, Biologics Development Module, and APHIS Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory.

“Behind the Smoke: How Disinformation Surrounding Syria’s Chemical Attacks Undermines Public Health”

Salma Daoudi recently authored this article for the Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy that “…explores the strategic use of disinformation to manipulate public perceptions around the Assad regime’s chemical attacks and its ramifications for the public health sector.”

“Worldwide Trends in COVID-19-Related Attacks Against Healthcare: A Review of the Safeguarding Health in Conflict Coalition Database”

Duffhues et al. recently published this article in Health Security: “During the COVID-19 pandemic, violence targeting healthcare reportedly increased. Attacks against healthcare can severely hamper the public health response during a pandemic. Descriptive data analysis of these attacks may be helpful to develop prevention and mitigation strategies. This study aimed to investigate trends regarding COVID-19-related attacks against healthcare from January 2020 until January 2023. COVID-19-related incidents occurring between January 2020 and January 2023 were extracted from the Safeguarding Health in Conflict Coalition database and screened for eligibility. Included incidents were linked to COVID-19 health measures or were attacks directly interfering with COVID-19 healthcare, including conflict-related attacks. Data collected per incident included temporal factors; country; setting; attack and weapon type; perpetrator; motive; number of healthcare workers (HCWs) killed, injured, or kidnapped; and health facility damage. The study identified 255 COVID-19-related attacks against healthcare, with 18 HCWs killed, 147 HCWs injured, and 86 facilities damaged. The highest attack frequency was reported during the beginning of the pandemic and predominantly concerned stigma-related attacks against healthcare. Reported incidents in 2021 included attacks targeting vaccination campaigns, as well as conflict-related attacks interfering with COVID-19 healthcare. COVID-19-related attacks against healthcare occurred in heterogeneous contexts throughout the pandemic. Due to underreporting, the data presented are a minimum estimate of the actual magnitude of violence. The findings of this study emphasize the importance of public education campaigns, improved coordination between healthcare organizations and law enforcement, and the possible need to bolster the security of medical facilities and health workers.”

Asimov Press Pandemic Prevention Mini-Issue

Asimov Press recently published a handful of essays as part of its Pandemic Prevention Mini-Issue, including “Is That DNA Dangerous?” by Tessa Alexanian and Max Langenkamp, “Day Zero Antivirals for Future Pandemics” by Brian Wang, “Measuring the Black Death” by Saloni Dattani, and “Defense-Forward Biosecurity” by Allison Berke.

“Unmasking the Threat”

Goran Georgiev recently published this blog post focused on WMD information manipulation in Bulgaria and Romania with the Center for the Study of Democracy, writing in part “The analysis underscores a stark contrast between Bulgaria and Romania in the spread and impact of misleading content about biological laboratories, reflecting broader cultural differences in how Russia is perceived publicly. Romania does not share many of the cultural pull factors or cognitive capture that make citizens in majority Slav countries vulnerable to pro-Kremlin information interference, particularly the shared linguistic, ethnic, and historical heritage. Differences in geopolitical public perceptions have been evident in numerous comparative surveys, with Romanians being over eight times less likely (at 3%) to see Russia as a strategic ally after the invasion compared to Bulgarians (at 26%) or Slovaks (25%). These differences appear to be reflected in the level of engagement with pro-Kremlin narratives related to WMD.”

“Transoceanic Pathogen Transfer in the Age of Sail and Steam”

Elizabeth N. Blackmore and James O. Lloyd-Smith authored this article in PNAS: “In the centuries following Christopher Columbus’s 1492 voyage to the Americas, transoceanic travel opened unprecedented pathways in global pathogen circulation. Yet no biological transfer is a single, discrete event. We use mathematical modeling to quantify historical risk of shipborne pathogen introduction, exploring the respective contributions of journey time, ship size, population susceptibility, transmission intensity, density dependence, and pathogen biology. We contextualize our results using port arrivals data from San Francisco, 1850 to 1852, and from a selection of historically significant voyages, 1492 to 1918. We offer numerical estimates of introduction risk across historically realistic ranges of journey time and ship population size, and show that both steam travel and shipping regimes that involved frequent, large-scale movement of people substantially increased risk of transoceanic pathogen circulation.”

What We’re Listening to 🎧

Technologically Speaking Podcast: Season 4, Episode 3

“The Technologically Speaking Podcast sits down with Lindsay Gabbert, a microbiologist at the S&T Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC). Lindsay and her colleagues at PIADC are on the front lines keeping dangerous animal diseases at bay and away from our farms. She talks about what the greatest threats are and what S&T and PIADC are doing to thwart them. She also shares anecdotes about her time working at PIADC, one of the most interesting and unique labs in the United States, nestled on a small and historic island in the Long Island Sound.”

BSL4ZNet International Conference

“The Biosafety Level 4 Zoonotic Laboratory Network (BSL4ZNet) is an international group of federal institutions in Australia, Germany, United Kingdom, United States and Canada responsible for high-containment laboratories that allows countries to work together to respond to dangerous zoonotic diseases that spread between animals and people.”

“The 2024 BSL4ZNet International Conference is taking place in September 2024. This year’s theme is “Emerging disease meets innovative science. The working language of the BSL4ZNet is English. The 2024 BSL4ZNet International Conference will be presented in English only.”

“The 2024 BSL4ZNet International Conference includes 4 sessions:

  • Wednesday, September 4: Threats and challenges – Delving into topics such as Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI), Climate-Related Risks, and the nuanced landscape of Science Communication amidst Misinformation/Disinformation Challenges.
  • Wednesday, September 11: Innovation and emerging technologies – Innovation and Emerging Technologies: Exploring the latest advancements and breakthroughs in the realm of emerging technologies shaping our response to infectious diseases.
  • Wednesday, September 18: Biosecurity and biosafety – Addressing critical issues surrounding biosecurity and biosafety measures, crucial pillars in combating zoonotic diseases
  • Wednesday, September 25: Innovation for BSL4 activities and challenges – Featuring an enlightening panel discussion focusing on innovative approaches to address challenges inherent to BSL4 activities.”

Safeguarding the Food Supply: Integrating Diverse Risks, Connecting with Consumers, and Protecting Vulnerable Populations – A Workshop

From the National Academies: “On September 4-5, the Food Forum will host a workshop that explores the state of the science around hazard- and risk-based approaches to safeguarding both domestic and global food systems. Workshop presenters will examine nutrition, economic, and equity implications in food safety decision-making, and considerations and strategies for communicating hazard and risk across sectors. The workshop will also include national and international perspectives on risk assessment and tools to mitigate risk, as well as opportunities for the future of risk management and assessment, food safety, and public health.”

Learn more and register for this virtual event here.

Pandora Report 8.23.2024

This week’s edition of the Pandora Report covers the FDA’s recent approval of updated COVID-19 vaccines, more mpox updates as cases continue to crop up outside of Africa, updates on Russia’s targeting of Ukrainian healthcare facilities, and more.

FDA Approves Updated COVID-19 Vaccines

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved updated COVID-19 vaccines on Thursday, allowing Pfizer and Moderna to begin shipping millions of doses of their updated products. Novavax expects its updated offering to become available soon. As the AP notes, the FDA’s decision came earlier this year than last year amid a summer wave of infections across much of the country.

The same piece explains, “This fall’s vaccine recipe is tailored to a newer branch of omicron descendants. The Pfizer and Moderna shots target a subtype called KP.2 that was common earlier this year. While additional offshoots, particularly KP.3.1.1, now are spreading, they’re closely enough related that the vaccines promise cross-protection. A Pfizer spokesman said the company submitted data to FDA showing its updated vaccine “generates a substantially improved response” against multiple virus subtypes compared to last fall’s vaccine.”

The FDA included in its statement on the approvals: ‘“Vaccination continues to be the cornerstone of COVID-19 prevention,” said Peter Marks, M.D., Ph.D., director of the FDA’s Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research. “These updated vaccines meet the agency’s rigorous, scientific standards for safety, effectiveness, and manufacturing quality. Given waning immunity of the population from previous exposure to the virus and from prior vaccination, we strongly encourage those who are eligible to consider receiving an updated COVID-19 vaccine to provide better protection against currently circulating variants.”’

Mpox Updates

Department of Health and Human Services Releases Statement on US Government Response to Mpox

In response to Africa CDC’s declaration of the current mpox outbreak as a Public Health Emergency of Continental Security and the WHO’s subsequent Public Health Emergency of International Concern declaration, the United States has expressed support for these declarations and pledged to work closely with “African governments, Africa CDC and WHO to ensure an effective response to the current outbreak and to protect the health and lives of people of the region.”

The Department of Health and Human Services emphasized in its statement that, while clade I tends to cause a higher number of severe infections, the Department expects outcomes would be much less severe in the United States than in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).

The same statement also explains that “CDC has issued an updated Health Alert Network advisory urging clinicians to consider clade I mpox in people who have been in DRC or neighboring countries in the previous 21 days; clinicians are also asked to submit specimens for clade-specific testing for these patients if they have symptoms consistent with mpox. Given the geographic spread of clade I mpox, the U.S. CDC issued an updated Travel Health Notice on Aug. 7, 2024, recommending travelers to DRC and neighboring countries practice enhanced precautions.”

United States Announces Addition Support for Africa’s Mpox Response

The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) announced this week a further $35 million in emergency health assistance in response to the current mpox outbreak in Central and East Africa. USAID said in its press release that “The additional assistance announced today will enable USAID to continue working closely with affected countries, as well as regional and global health partners, to expand support and reduce the impact of this outbreak as it continues to evolve. USAID support includes assistance with surveillance, diagnostics, risk communication and community engagement, infection prevention and control, case management, and vaccination planning and coordination.”

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Recommends Enhancing Preparedness 

In a recently prepared risk assessment, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) said that it is “highly likely that the EU/EEA will see more imported cases of mpox caused by the clade I virus currently circulating in Africa. However, the likelihood of sustained transmission in Europe is very low provided that imported cases are diagnosed quickly and control measures are implemented.”

Furthermore, “ECDC recommends that public health authorities in the EU/EEA maintain high levels of preparedness planning and awareness raising activities to enable rapid detection and response of any further MPXV clade I cases that may reach Europe. Ensuring effective surveillance, laboratory testing, epidemiological investigation and contact tracing capacities will be vital to detecting cases of MPXV clade I on the continent and activating any response.”

Asia on High Alert Following Case in Thailand

Countries across Asia are sounding the alarm on mpox following Thailand’s confirmation of the first case of mpox clade Ib in Asia in Bangkok this week. The patient, a 66-year-old European, landed in Bangkok on August 14 and was sent to the hospital with mpox symptoms. Thailand’s Department of Disease Control said in a statement “We have monitored 43 people who have been in close contact with the patient and so far they have shown no symptoms, but we must continue monitoring for a total of 21 days.”

In response, China, South Korea, and other countries have announced screening and testing measures for passengers arriving from certain countries. In addition to taking similar measures, Taiwan has also begun stockpiling vaccines and starting targeted immunization campaigns for those at higher risk. South Korea identified Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Ethiopia, Central African Republic, Kenya, Congo, and the Democratic Republic of Congo as origin points requiring extra precautions for travelers. Furthermore, the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency said it will be monitoring waste from aircraft toilets in addition to distributing mpox information pamphlets at airports.

New Vaccines, Tests on the Way

A growing number of countries are promising vaccine donations in response to the outbreak, explains CIDRAP’s Lisa Schnirring, though the DRC argues they are not doing enough. Agence France-Presse reported this week that French Prime Minister Gabriel Attal announced his country will send 100,000 doses of vaccine to impacted African countries in the coming weeks. However, DRC Health Minister Samuel-Roger Kamba told Politico this week “We would like the EU to pledge more.” Kamba elaborated, saying “As we don’t know yet how the disease will progress, the amount promised by the EU would not allow us to protect our entire population should the disease affect more people.”

Politico explains that “The DRC alone needs 3.5 million doses to respond to the current level of infection, Kamba said, while Jean Kaseya, head of the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) has said the continent needs at least 10 million doses.”

An official from the European Commission speaking anonymously told Politico “Nobody’s holding onto stocks that Africa desperately needs” and that the donation made by the Commission was the most the organization could get its hands on. Germany is reportedly considering whether or not to donate any vaccine doses, having given its 117,000 doses of JYNNEOS to the German Army.

Schnirring also explained that Swiss manufacturer Roche “… announced that it is working with its partners to enhance mpox lab capacity worldwide. It is also providing training for labs across Africa at the Roche Scientific Campus in South Africa and at other locations. The company also confirmed that its Cobas mpox PCR test, as well as its research-only test kits, can detect the latest mpox variants.”

Further Reading

World Marks 11th Anniversary of Ghouta Sarin Gas Attack

Wednesday marked the 11th anniversary of the 2013 sarin gas attack in Ghouta, Syria, a suburb of Damascus. In a statement on the anniversary, Mina Rozei, CWC Coalition Coordinator, said “The Syrian government of Bashar al-Assad, which was waging a nationwide counterinsurgency campaign, launched rockets carrying sarin gas warheads against targets in the towns of Zamalka, Ein Tarma, and Irbin in the Ghouta region outside of Damascus. The attack, which was launched in the middle of night when many residents were sleeping, killed an estimated 1,127 people and left almost 6,000 more with respiratory problems.”

Rozei continued, “In the days that followed, international condemnation and the possibility of a U.S. military strike against Syria’s chemical weapons facilities led to an unprecedented U.S.-Russia proposal that called on the Syrian Arab Republic to formally accede to the Chemical Weapons Convention, make a comprehensive declaration of its chemical weapons holdings, and allow for the verified removal and eventual destruction of its chemical weapons facilities and stockpile of more than 1,000 metric tonnes of chemical agent. (See the Arms Control Association’s “Timeline of Syrian Chemical Weapons Activity, 2012-2022” for more details.)”

Read more here.

European Medicines Agency Issues Updated Guidance on Treatment, Prophylaxis for Chemical and Biological Agents

The European Medicines Agency (EMA) recently issued two pieces of updated guidance pertaining to medicines used for treatment or prophylaxis following patient exposure to chemical or biological agents used in terrorist attacks. As highlighted by Regulatory News, the guidance focused on chemical agents “covers general information on emergency treatments such as decontaminating victims and principles of treating symptoms for the purposes of basic life support, and summary information, such as descriptions of clinical symptoms and possible treatments, and the main classes of chemical agents that might be deliberately released.”

Furthermore, “The chemical agents covered by the guidance include blister or vesicant agents, nerve agents, cyanides, lung-damaging agents and pharmaceutically based agents. The list of substances is mainly derived from a list developed by the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The guidance supersedes a previous version issued in April 2003.”

The new guidance on biological agents was prepared in response to a request from the European Commission and “… includes a database of scientific information on pathogenic agents that might be deliberately released and information on the existence of vaccines and other medicines available to prevent or treat their effects.”

World Health Organization Records 1,940 Attacks Against Health Care in Ukraine Since February 2022

On Monday, the WHO confirmed 1,940 attacks on healthcare facilities and personnel have been carried out by Russia in Ukraine since February 2022. In its statement, the WHO said “…we aim to remind the world about one of the biggest ongoing emergencies in the WHO European Region with a grim milestone – 1940 WHO-confirmed attacks on healthcare— the highest number WHO has ever recorded in any humanitarian emergency globally to date. In addition, we are noting new patterns in the progression of the attacks.”

“For over 2.5 years now, 86% of all such attacks have impacted health facilities, with a significant proportion of such attacks involving heavy weapons. Moreover, WHO-verified attacks on health facilities have intensified significantly since December 2023 – occurring on a near-daily basis.”

““In 2024, we are observing a lot of double-tap attacks,” said Dr Jarno Habicht, WHO Representative in Ukraine. “Now we have more shelling of civilian infrastructure than before. We are losing colleagues – healthcare workers, nurses, doctors, paramedics. This year, many more healthcare workers have also been injured than before. According to WHO data, first responders and health transportation are three times more likely to suffer harm from attacks compared to the rest of the healthcare personnel.”’

Read more here.

“First Biolab in South America for Studying World’s Deadliest Viruses is Set to Open”

Meghie Rodrigues recently published this Nature News piece discussing Brazil’s BSL-4 lab-Orion-that is nearing completion of its construction at the Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials. Rodrigues also talked to Biodefense Graduate Program Director Gregory Koblentz, writing in the piece “Another challenge for Orion will be training staff members to work in a type of facility that is new for the region. The facility must also develop a regulatory framework to ensure that risky experiments have oversight from a governing panel, and must install security measures to prevent unauthorized access by people or organizations that might intentionally release pathogens, says Gregory Koblentz, a biodefence specialist at George Mason University and a co-author of the 2023 Global BioLabs report.”

“How U.S. Farms Could Start a Bird Flu Pandemic”

Apoorva Mandavilli discusses how H5N1 continues to plague the US in this piece for the New York Times, explaining in part “Without a sharp pivot in state and federal policies, the bird flu virus that has bedeviled American farms is likely to find a firm foothold among dairy cattle, scientists are warning. And that means bird flu may soon pose a permanent threat to other animals and to people. So far, this virus, H5N1, does not easily infect humans, and the risk to the public remains low. But the longer the virus circulates in cattle, the more chances it gains to acquire the mutations necessary to set off an influenza pandemic.”

“AI and Biosecurity: The Need for Governance”

Bloomfied et al. recently published this Policy Forum piece in Science: “Great benefits to humanity will likely ensue from advances in artificial intelligence (AI) models trained on or capable of meaningfully manipulating substantial quantities of biological data, from speeding up drug and vaccine design to improving crop yields (13). But as with any powerful new technology, such biological models will also pose considerable risks. Because of their general-purpose nature, the same biological model able to design a benign viral vector to deliver gene therapy could be used to design a more pathogenic virus capable of evading vaccine-induced immunity (4). Voluntary commitments among developers to evaluate biological models’ potential dangerous capabilities are meaningful and important but cannot stand alone. We propose that national governments, including the United States, pass legislation and set mandatory rules that will prevent advanced biological models from substantially contributing to large-scale dangers, such as the creation of novel or enhanced pathogens capable of causing major epidemics or even pandemics.”

“Preventing and Controlling Global Antimicrobial Resistance — Implementing a Whole-System Approach”

Don Goldmann, Sowmya Rajan, and Krishna Udayakumar recently published this perspective piece with The New England Journal of Medicine, explaining in part “We recently participated in a public–private collaboration (the Surveillance Partnership to Improve Data for Action on Antimicrobial Resistance [SPIDAAR], funded by Pfizer and the Wellcome Trust) aimed at assisting ministries of health (MOHs) and hospitals in Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, and Uganda in implementing, scaling up, and sustaining improved AMR surveillance capacity. This demonstration project evolved from focused detection of AMR in pathogens targeted by the WHO’s Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) program2 to include broader efforts to leverage real-time AMR data to improve patient care. SPIDAAR provided insights into the type of integrated system that would be required to address gaps between aspirational national action plans and progress on the ground. The Ugandan MOH’s surveillance-system diagram captures a vision of the high-level systems required for improvement and MOH–hospital coordination (see figure).”

“Five Ways Science is Tackling the Antibiotic Resistance Crisis”

Nature News’ Amber Dance discusses various approaches to combating antibiotic resistance and the threat this issue poses in this piece, writing in part “Hongzhe Sun, a chemical biologist at the University of Hong Kong, says that in his part of the world, “we anticipate maybe the next pandemic will be the crisis of antibiotic resistance”. Indeed, a global crisis is already happening. According to a Lancet study, about 1.27 million deaths worldwide in 2019 could be attributed to drug-resistant infections, making them a leading cause of death1. By 2050, such infections could kill as many as ten million people every year2, according to an expert panel commissioned by the UK government in 2014.”

“Tropical Nights, Burning Eyes: Chloropicrin in Hawaii”

Markus K. Binder discusses the 2017 use of chloropicrin by a criminal gang in Hawaii and lessons learned from the incident in this piece for CBNW. Binder writes in his conclusion “…there is the effective invisibility of criminal actors to the various tools that have been developed to identify and interdict international terrorist operatives, particularly through interception of their communications. Criminal plots frequently have very short cycle times from inception to execution and are unlikely to involve foreign controllers such as those that exposed the 2017 Sydney hydrogen-sulfide plot.”

What We’re Listening to 🎧

Tech Can’t Save Us: Reshaping Biosecurity with Kevin Flyangolts, Founder & CEO of Aclid

“In this week’s episode of Tech Can’t Save Us, hosts Paul David and Maya Dharampal-Hornby are joined by Kevin Flyangolts, Founder & CEO of Aclid.”

“With biotechnology becoming increasingly digital and automated, biosecurity guidelines are constantly changing. Aclid enables end-to-end compliance for gene synthesis providers by automating biosecurity screenings, promoting education in the life science sector, and building trust between companies and customers.”

“Tune into this episode now to hear Kevin discuss how biosecurity concerns have evolved since covid-19, and explain why adaptive regulations, responsible practices, and automated screenings and verifications are the future of biosecurity.”

NEW: BSL4ZNet International Conference

“The Biosafety Level 4 Zoonotic Laboratory Network (BSL4ZNet) is an international group of federal institutions in Australia, Germany, United Kingdom, United States and Canada responsible for high-containment laboratories that allows countries to work together to respond to dangerous zoonotic diseases that spread between animals and people.”

“The 2024 BSL4ZNet International Conference is taking place in September 2024. This year’s theme is “Emerging disease meets innovative science. The working language of the BSL4ZNet is English. The 2024 BSL4ZNet International Conference will be presented in English only.”

“The 2024 BSL4ZNet International Conference includes 4 sessions:

  • Wednesday, September 4: Threats and challenges – Delving into topics such as Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI), Climate-Related Risks, and the nuanced landscape of Science Communication amidst Misinformation/Disinformation Challenges.
  • Wednesday, September 11: Innovation and emerging technologies –  Innovation and Emerging Technologies: Exploring the latest advancements and breakthroughs in the realm of emerging technologies shaping our response to infectious diseases.
  • Wednesday, September 18: Biosecurity and biosafety – Addressing critical issues surrounding biosecurity and biosafety measures, crucial pillars in combating zoonotic diseases
  • Wednesday, September 25: Innovation for BSL4 activities and challenges – Featuring an enlightening panel discussion focusing on innovative approaches to address challenges inherent to BSL4 activities.”

Register for free here.

Safeguarding the Food Supply: Integrating Diverse Risks, Connecting with Consumers, and Protecting Vulnerable Populations – A Workshop

From the National Academies: “On September 4-5, the Food Forum will host a workshop that explores the state of the science around hazard- and risk-based approaches to safeguarding both domestic and global food systems. Workshop presenters will examine nutrition, economic, and equity implications in food safety decision-making, and considerations and strategies for communicating hazard and risk across sectors. The workshop will also include national and international perspectives on risk assessment and tools to mitigate risk, as well as opportunities for the future of risk management and assessment, food safety, and public health.”

Learn more and register for this virtual event here.

NEW: Horizon Fellowship Applications Open

Applications are now open for the 2025 Horizon Fellowship cohort

What do you get?

  • The fellowship program will fund and facilitate placements for 1-2 years in full-time US policy roles at executive branch offices, Congressional offices, and think tanks in Washington, DC.
    • Horizon has placed fellows at the Department of Defense, White House, Department of Commerce, Senate committees, House personal offices and prominent think tanks. You can learn more about past fellows and their placements at Meet our Fellows and Fellow Accomplishments.
  • It also includes ten weeks of remote, part time policy-focused training, mentorship, and an access to an extended network of emerging tech policy professionals.

Who is it for?

  • Entry-level and mid-career roles
  • No prior policy experience is required (but is welcome)
  • Demonstrated interest in emerging technology
  • US citizens, green card holders, or students on OPT
  • Able to start a full time role in Washington DC by Aug 2025
    • Training is remote, so current undergraduate and graduate school students graduating by summer 2025 are eligible

Research shows that great candidates often disqualify themselves too quickly, especially if they are from underrepresented groups. If you are excited about the program but on the fence about whether you are eligible or qualified, we strongly encourage you to apply. The application deadline is August 30th, 2024.

NEW: International Science Reserve, Center for Advanced Preparedness and Threat Response Simulation Launch Serious Game

“The International Science Reserve (ISR), in partnership with the Center for Advanced Preparedness and Threat Response Simulation (CAPTRS), has launched a free, digital game to help scientists and experts worldwide explore and improve their decision-making in public health crisis contexts.”

“In the new game, launched today, players must navigate an evolving and hypothetical public health crisis, evaluating new information that is shared as the game progresses. To simulate real-world situations, players are presented with dynamic information and surveillance data about a pathogen outbreak. In a series of game rounds, they are asked to practice their decision-making skills using data to identify outbreak trends and better prepare for and reduce the public health threat.”  

“The game, the first of a series, fills a major gap in global scientific research planning on crisis preparedness and response. “Serious games” can help experts explore risk and response to situations that could arise, related to climate change adaptation and public health crises.”

“For example, despite lessons from the COVID pandemic, there is currently a slow response to the initial spread to humans of bird flu. More advance experience of scenarios like the digital pathogen game can help accustom policymakers to assessing different sources of scientific information to make decisions, while it can help scientists explore how their research could be prioritized and adapted when most needed.”

Read more here.

Call for Experts-Potential Research Priorities to Inform Readiness and Response to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5N1): A Workshop

From the National Academies: The National Academies is seeking suggestions for experts to participate in a new workshop exploring research priorities to inform readiness and response to the ongoing Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) A (H5N1) outbreak in the United States. Recognizing the interconnection between people, animals, and their shared environment, the workshop will take a One Health approach to bring together federal government agencies, the academic community, and the private sector, as well as other relevant stakeholders across the health, agriculture, and food safety sectors and will focus primarily on basic science and research questions of specific concern. 

Approximately 8-10 volunteer experts are needed to build a committee for a future workshop and any publications resulting from this activity. Expertise in the following areas is desired:

  • One Health and emerging infectious diseases
  • National, state, and/or local public health and medical readiness and response
  • Epidemiology and surveillance
  • Medical countermeasures (diagnostics, vaccines, therapeutics)
  • Agricultural and veterinary health and sciences
  • Food safety
  • Social sciences, risk communication, and community engagement
  • Modeling, risk assessment, and strategic foresight
  • Regulatory issues

Please submit nominations by August 30, 2024. For any additional questions regarding the forum, please view the project page or email Shalini Singaravelu at SSingaravelu@nas.edu.

Learn more and submit nominations here.

Pandora Report 8.16.2024

This week’s Pandora Report discusses the recent mpox PHEIC declaration, updates on H5N1, and more.

World Health Organization Declares Mpox PHEIC

Mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) is a viral illness caused by the monkeypox virus, which is part of the genus Orthopoxvirus. Two clades exist (clade I and clade II). Clade IIb caused a global outbreak of mpox in 2022-23 that also resulted in a PHEIC (public health emergency of international concern) declaration. Now, the WHO has declared an outbreak of clade I mpox a PHEIC as case counts in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and neighboring countries swell. 548 people have been killed by the disease in 2024, according to the DRC government.

WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus made the declaration “on the advice of an IHR Emergency Committee of independent experts who met earlier in the day to review data presented by experts from WHO and affected countries. The Committee informed the Director-General that it considers the upsurge of mpox to be a PHEIC, with potential to spread further across countries in Africa and possibly outside the continent.”

Tedros said in a statement, “The emergence of a new clade of mpox, its rapid spread in eastern DRC, and the reporting of cases in several neighbouring countries are very worrying. On top of outbreaks of other mpox clades in DRC and other countries in Africa, it’s clear that a coordinated international response is needed to stop these outbreaks and save lives.”

According to WHO “The monkeypox virus was discovered in Denmark (1958) in monkeys kept for research and the first reported human case of mpox was a nine-month-old boy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC, 1970). Mpox can spread from person to person or occasionally from animals to people. Following eradication of smallpox in 1980 and the end of smallpox vaccination worldwide, mpox steadily emerged in central, east and west Africa.”

Image Credit: CDC PHIL| “This is a colorized transmission electron microscopic image of mpox virus particles (purple), which were found within an infected cell (brown), having been cultured in the laboratory. The image was captured and color-enhanced at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Integrated Research Facility (IRF), located in Fort Detrick, Maryland.”

Sweden Reports First Clade I Case Outside Africa, ECDC Raises Risk Alert Level

The Public Health Agency of Sweden reported on Thursday that the country has recorded the first case of mpox caused by clade I outside of Africa. Health and Social Affairs Minister Jakob Forssmed said in a news conference, “We have now also during the afternoon had confirmation that we have one case in Sweden of the more grave type of mpox, the one called clade 1.” State Epidemiologist Masnus Gisslen said in an official statement that the patient was infected while visiting “the part of Africa where there is a major outbreak of mpox clade 1.”

Following Sweden’s announcement, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) raised its risk level for mpox from ‘low’ to ‘moderate,’ for sporadic cases appearing in the EU. The agency also asked countries to maintain high levels of awareness regarding those traveling from affected areas. The ECDC says the overall risk to the EU population has gone up from “very low” to “low” and that it expects there will be more imported cases in the coming weeks.

United States Announces Further $424 Million in Assistance for the DRC

This week the US, through the United States Agency for International Development, announced “…nearly $424 million in humanitarian and health assistance to address the ongoing catastrophe in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). This includes $414 million in humanitarian assistance to support people experiencing persistent humanitarian needs resulting from conflict and displacement. This announcement, made in Kinshasa by the U.S. Ambassador to the DRC Lucy Tamlyn and U.S. Representative to the United Nations Agencies for Food and Agriculture Jeffrey Prescott, also includes an additional $10 million in health assistance to respond to the current mpox outbreak in the DRC and in other affected countries in the region. USAID is also donating 50,000 mpox vaccines to the DRC, which is the country most impacted by this outbreak.”

The statement later explained that “The United States is the largest provider of humanitarian assistance to the DRC and the largest bilateral donor to DRC’s health sector. This Fiscal Year, the U.S. provided more than $256 million in health assistance through bilateral programs including the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), the President’s Malaria Initiative (PMI), and the Global Health Security program, which enabled more than seven million people to receive lifesaving treatment for diseases including TB, HIV, and malaria.”

European Commission Coordinates Procurement and Donation of 215,000 Bavarian Nordic Doses to Africa CDC

The European Commission’s Health Emergency Preparedness and Respons Authority (HERA) announced on Wednesday that it “will procure and donate 175,420 doses of the MVA-BN® vaccine, the only FDA and EMA-approved mpox vaccine, as an immediate response to the mpox outbreak in Africa. In addition, the pharmaceutical company Bavarian Nordic will donate 40,000 doses to HERA. The Africa CDC will distribute the vaccines according to regional needs.”

The announcement came in response to Africa CDC’s call for the international community to assist in mobilizing two million vaccines to stop this outbreak. The Commission said in its statement that “Through the Africa CDC, these vaccines will be distributed to affected countries. Furthermore, HERA is in collaboration with the Africa CDC with the aim to expand access to mpox diagnostics and sequencing in the region, with a €3.5 million grant foreseen for early autumn.”

Bavarian Nordic Wins $157 Million Contract to Replenish US JYNNEOS Vaccine Supply

The Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) has reached an agreement with the Danish company Bavarian Nordic to “partly replenish” its stockpile of JYNNEOS vaccine following the 2022 mpox outbreak. This $156.8 million deal follows a similar one made last year by the US government totaling $120 million.

Further Reading

H5N1 Threat Persists but Remains Low

Despite the renewed focus on mpox, concern still remains about the spread of avian influenza globally, particularly H5N1, which has infected thirteen farmworkers in the United States so far this year. Despite the relatively low risk, Seqirus has begun producing and storing doses of its new vaccine targeting H5N1 in its facility outside of Raleigh, NC. In total, the company has agreed to produce 4.8 million doses in exchange for $22 million from the federal government. The government has also given Moderna $176 million to develop mRNA vaccines for influenza, including H5N1.

The CDC explained in a recent summary about its Influenza Risk Assessment Tool that “The current overall individual and population health risk to the general public posed by the avian influenza A(H5N1) virus presently spreading in cows, poultry, and other mammals remains low. Systematic comparisons of data related to this avian influenza A(H5N1) virus using the Influenza Risk Assessment Tool (IRAT) to data from other influenza A viruses has scored this virus’s future pandemic potential as “moderate risk” based on information through June 26, 2024. This is similar to previous assessments of earlier avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses.”

Furthermore, the WHO released an updated assessment on recent H5N1 events in collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Organisation for Animal Health. The assessment found that “At the present time, based on available information, FAO-WHO-WOAH assess the global public health risk of influenza A(H5N1) viruses to be low, while the risk of infection for occupationally exposed persons is low to moderate depending on the risk mitigation measures in place. Transmission between animals continues to occur and, to date, a limited number of human infections have been reported. Although additional human infections associated with exposure to infected animals or contaminated environments are likely to continue to occur, the overall public health impact of such infections at a global level is minor.”

DOD, NNSA Inaugurate New Supercomputing System Dedicated to Biological Defense

Earlier this month, the Department of Defense (DOD) and the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) announced a new supercomputing system that is dedicated to biological defense at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. According to DOD, the Department “…is working with NNSA to significantly increase the computing capability available to our national biodefense programs. The collaboration has enabled expanding systems of the same system architecture as LLNL’s upcoming exascale supercomputer, El Capitan, which is projected to be the world’s most powerful supercomputer when it becomes operational later this year.”

“The biodefense-focused system will provide unique capabilities for large-scale simulation and AI-based modeling for a variety of defensive activities, including bio surveillance, threat characterization, advanced materials development, and accelerated medical countermeasures. DoD and NNSA intend to allow the U.S. Government interagency, International Allies and partners, and academia and industry to access the supercomputing capability.”

Learn more here.

Schumer Pledges to Block Any Senate Effort to Significantly Cut CDC Budget

Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-NY) told The Associated Press this week that he would block any legislation from passing the Senate that proposes significant cuts to the budget of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Schumer further said that such cuts “would wreak havoc and chaos on food safety funding mechanisms and tracking operations at a core level.” As the AP explains, “Democrats said the proposal in a House bill includes a reduction of the CDC’s proposed budget by $1.8 billion, or about 22%, that would harm public health. The Republican-led effort also would mean a major cut in programs designed to address firearm injuries and opioid overdose prevention.”

The House Appropriations Committee passed the measure on a party-line vote last month.

“AIxBio: Opportunities to Strengthen Health Security”

Aurelia Attal-Juncqua, Anita Cicero, Alex Zhu, and Thomas Inglesby recently authored this published this preprint on SSRN: “Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionize biosecurity, health security, biodefense, and pandemic preparedness by offering groundbreaking solutions for managing biological threats. This landscape review explores recent advancements in AI across these fields, drawing from both grey literature and peer-reviewed studies published between January 2019 and February 2024. AI has demonstrated potential in predicting viral mutations, which could enable earlier detection of outbreaks, and streamlining resource allocation by analyzing diverse data sources. It could also play a crucial role in accelerating the development and deployment of medical countermeasures, such as vaccines and therapeutics. Additionally, use of AI may enhance laboratory automation, reducing human error and increasing biosafety. Despite these promising advancements, significant challenges and risks related to the potential misuse of AI, data security, and privacy concerns necessitate careful implementation and robust governance. This paper highlights the rapid progress and vast potential of AI in biosecurity, and provides key recommendations for U.S. policymakers to effectively harness AI’s capabilities while ensuring safety and security. These recommendations include expanding access to advanced computing resources, fostering collaboration across sectors, and establishing clear regulatory frameworks to support the safe and ethical deployment of AI technologies.”

“Emerging Biosecurity Threats in the Age of AI”

Suryesh K Namdeo and Pawan Dhar recently published this piece with IndiaBioscience: “As artificial intelligence (AI) enables the transformation of biology into an engineering discipline, an effective governance model that uses threat forecasting, real-time evaluation, and response strategies is urgently needed to address accidental or deliberate misuse. This article talks about the risks at the interface of AI and biosecurity and what could India do to better prepare for potential AI-biorisks.”

“2023 Biorisks, Biosecurity and Biological Disarmament Conference Report”

From UNIDIR: “To facilitate multi-stakeholder engagement around biological risks, biological security and biological disarmament, the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR), the United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA) and the World Health Organization (WHO) co-organized a stakeholder conference designed to bring together actors from civil society, academia and industry, as well as diplomats, to stimulate the exchange of ideas and thinking around how to build biosecurity and bolster biological disarmament.”

“The Biorisks, Biosecurity and Biological Disarmament Conference took place in Geneva, Switzerland, on 4–5 July 2023. The event provided an opportunity to discuss ongoing diplomatic processes and current and upcoming issues in the areas of biorisk, biosecurity and biological disarmament.”

“More than 80 individuals from 30 countries, representing 60 institutions, participated in the discussion in person, and a further 334 individuals joined the discussion virtually from around the world. The participants included diplomats, public health professionals, security experts and scientists from a wide range of organizations.”

“The Conference consisted of seven substantive panels, which explored a range of topics, centred on advances in science and technology and their related risks and benefits, biosecurity implementation, dual-use governance, disease response, international cooperation, and verification technologies. The discussions that took place during all seven panels are summarized in this conference report.”

“Launching the Global Biosecurity Accelerator at the Helsinki Biosecurity Dialogue”

Christopher East covers the launch of the Global Biosecurity Accelerator in this post from the Council on Strategic Risks, writing in part “This is a core driver of why CSR launched the Global Biosecurity Accelerator, of which the Helsinki Biosecurity Dialogue was the first multinational convening. The Global Biosecurity Accelerator’s mission is to accelerate global resilience to the full spectrum of biological threats— natural, accidental, or deliberate. In addition to promoting strong biosecurity strategies across nations, Accelerator events will raise insights from the range of actions that nations take—from enhancing biodefense, to embedding biosecurity in a whole-of-society approach, to One Health initiatives. Designed with interoperability and depth of defense in mind, CSR aims for the Global Biosecurity Accelerator to help jumpstart a ‘whole-of-globe’ approach to resilience against biological threats.”

“Russian Influence in Eastern Europe is Aggravating HIV Epidemic, Say Experts”

The Guardian‘s Kat Lay discusses the role of Russian propaganda in deterring people in eastern Europe from accessing necessary healthcare as AIDS deaths are up 34% compared to 2010. Lay writes in part, “Efforts to improve treatment and prevent infections are being hampered by Russian-linked propaganda against targets including opioid replacement therapy services, which reduce the risk of HIV infection among people using drugs, and the LGBTQ+ community…Meanwhile, “foreign agent” laws in a number of countries, following a pattern established in Russia, require charities and organisations receiving overseas funding to register and impose onerous reporting requirements. This has forced some charities to withdraw, a media briefing at the 25th international Aids conference was told.”

“Ebola: Ten Years Later – Lessons Learned and Future Pandemic Preparedness”

Krutika Kuppalli recently authored this post for PLOS Global Public Health‘s Speaking of Medicine and Health blog, writing in part “In early December 2013, a 2-year-old boy in the remote village of Meliandou, Guinea fell ill with a mysterious disease and succumbed to the illness a few days later.1 The disease spread rapidly, resulting in 49 cases and 29 deaths before being identified as the Zaire strain of the Ebola virus and officially declared an outbreak on March 23, 2014.2 Over the ensuing months, the outbreak spread to neighboring Liberia and Sierra Leone, with cases also emerging in Senegal, Nigeria, Mali, the United States and Europe.3 On August 8, 2014, the World Health Organization (WHO) Director-General declared the outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), the highest global health alert, signifying the outbreak posed a public health risk to other Member States and necessitated a coordinated international response.4 Despite global efforts to control the outbreak, it lasted for over two years, resulting in over 28,000 cases and more than 11,000 deaths by the time it was declared over on June 9, 2016.3 This crisis exposed significant weaknesses in global health systems, prompting a re-evaluation of pandemic preparedness and response strategies. A decade later, it is essential to reflect on the lessons learned from the West Africa Ebola crisis and their impact on current and future pandemic preparedness efforts. These lessons are outlined using the Health Emergency Preparedness and Response (HEPR) architecture developed by WHO, focusing on strengthening five core health emergency components: collaborative surveillance, safe and scalable care, community protection, access to countermeasures, and emergency coordination.”

“Déjà Vu All Over Again — Refusing to Learn the Lessons of Covid-19”

Michael S. Sinha, Wendy E. Parmet, and Gregg S. Gonsalves recently published this perspective piece in the New England Journal of Medicine, in which they explain “The spread of H5N1 avian influenza among cattle and other farm animals as well as to agricultural workers in the United States has raised concerns about the potential for an influenza pandemic. Although the threat of pandemic H5N1 doesn’t appear to be imminent — this variant has yet to show the potential to be transmitted from human to human — the federal government’s initial response suggests that, rather than heeding the lessons from Covid-19, elected officials and other key decision makers may be relying on a dangerous type of revisionism that could lead to more deaths, should H5N1 cause a pandemic.”

“The World Is Not Ready for the Next Pandemic”

Michael Osterholm and Mark Olshaker call for greater government investment in new and better vaccines in this Foreign Affairs article: “It is impossible to know when a new pandemic will arise, or which specific pathogen will be its cause. H5N1 is just one of the viruses that could mutate into something that will start a pandemic. But eventually, one will happen. It is therefore time to move away from vague recommendations and best practices to a far larger-scale program aimed at producing new and better vaccines, antiviral drugs and other countermeasures, and building the infrastructure at the scale needed to protect entire populations. Although such efforts will be costly, failing to take these steps could be catastrophic.”

NEW: AI and the Evolution of Biological National Security Risks

“In the wake of a global pandemic and rapidly advancing AI technologies, scientists and government leaders from around the world have sounded alarms about a changing biothreat landscape. Between dire warnings of more widely accessible bioterrorism capabilities, novel superviruses, and next generation bioweapons, how should policymakers and weigh the impacts of AI on biosecurity? Where are risks really changing, and where have they been overblown? What actions need to be taken now, and what emerging capabilities need to be monitored for future threats?”

“Please join the Center for a New American Security on Wednesday, August 21, from 10:30–11:30 a.m. ET for a panel discussion on these questions and more. Bill Drexel, Fellow in CNAS’s Technology and National Security Team, will be joined by leading biosecurity experts inside and outside government grappling with the nexus of AI and emerging biotechnologies.”

“This panel is part of CNAS’s AI Safety and Stability project, which aims to better understand AI risks and identify specific steps to improve AI safety and stability in national security applications. The event will build upon the project’s new report, AI and the Evolution of Biological National Security Risks: Capabilities, Thresholds, and Interventions in which Bill Drexel and Caleb Withers provide a clear-eyed overview of the emerging effects of AI on the biothreat landscape and propose actionable solutions to avoid the worst outcomes.”

This panel will feature Sonia Ben Ouagrham-Gormley, Associate Professor and Deputy Director of George Mason’s Biodefense Graduate Program, who reviewed and provided interviews to the report’s authors.

NEW-Safeguarding the Food Supply: Integrating Diverse Risks, Connecting with Consumers, and Protecting Vulnerable Populations – A Workshop

From the National Academies: “On September 4-5, the Food Forum will host a workshop that explores the state of the science around hazard- and risk-based approaches to safeguarding both domestic and global food systems. Workshop presenters will examine nutrition, economic, and equity implications in food safety decision-making, and considerations and strategies for communicating hazard and risk across sectors. The workshop will also include national and international perspectives on risk assessment and tools to mitigate risk, as well as opportunities for the future of risk management and assessment, food safety, and public health.”

Learn more and register for this virtual event here.

Assessing and Navigating Biosecurity Concerns and Benefits of Artificial Intelligence Use in the Life Sciences – August Information Gathering Meeting
From the National Academies: “This is the first in-person meeting of the consensus study, Assessing and Navigating Biosecurity Concerns and Benefits of Artificial Intelligence Use in the Life Sciences. The open session of this information gathering meeting will include initial briefings containing information relevant to study issues. The committee will also meet in closed session for project planning and review of topics and speakers for remaining meetings.”

This event will take place on August 13 and 14. Learn more and register here.

Call for Experts-Enhancing the Resilience of Healthcare and Public Health Critical Infrastructure

From the National Academies: The National Academies Forum on Medical and Public Health Preparedness for Disasters and Emergencies is seeking experts to participate in an upcoming workshop that will examine strategies, policies, and innovative actions to improve the resilience of health care and public health critical infrastructure to impacts from disasters and other emergencies.

Approximately 8-10 volunteer experts are needed to serve on the workshop planning committee. Expertise in the following areas is desired:

  • Healthcare operations and management
  • Public health, emergency management, and environmental health
  • IT, data science, and cybersecurity
  • Infrastructure systems, engineering, and supply chain
  • Risk assessment and mitigation
  • Insurances, cost management, and health economics
  • Community resilience and lived experience
  • Public policy

We are also collecting information for potential speakers, participants, and peer reviewers for any publications resulting from the activity.

Please submit nominations by August 23, 2024. For any additional questions regarding the workshop, please view the project page or email Shalini Singaravelu at SSingaravelu@nas.edu.

Learn more and submit nominations here.

Call for Experts-Potential Research Priorities to Inform Readiness and Response to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5N1): A Workshop

From the National Academies: The National Academies is seeking suggestions for experts to participate in a new workshop exploring research priorities to inform readiness and response to the ongoing Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) A (H5N1) outbreak in the United States. Recognizing the interconnection between people, animals, and their shared environment, the workshop will take a One Health approach to bring together federal government agencies, the academic community, and the private sector, as well as other relevant stakeholders across the health, agriculture, and food safety sectors and will focus primarily on basic science and research questions of specific concern. 

Approximately 8-10 volunteer experts are needed to build a committee for a future workshop and any publications resulting from this activity. Expertise in the following areas is desired:

  • One Health and emerging infectious diseases
  • National, state, and/or local public health and medical readiness and response
  • Epidemiology and surveillance
  • Medical countermeasures (diagnostics, vaccines, therapeutics)
  • Agricultural and veterinary health and sciences
  • Food safety
  • Social sciences, risk communication, and community engagement
  • Modeling, risk assessment, and strategic foresight
  • Regulatory issues

Please submit nominations by August 30, 2024. For any additional questions regarding the forum, please view the project page or email Shalini Singaravelu at SSingaravelu@nas.edu.

Learn more and submit nominations here.

Pandora Report 8.9.2024

This week’s Pandora Report covers the recently updated priority pathogens list from the World Health Organization (WHO) and insights from the process of its development, the WHO’s plan to distribute polio vaccines in Gaza, recent research that suggests H5N1 is more widespread than previously thought, and more.

WHO Updates List of Most Dangerous Viruses and Bacteria

The WHO recently published a report outlining the findings of its global pathogen prioritization process that involved more than 200 scientists who evaluated evidence related to 28 viral families and one core group of bacteria, covering 1,652 pathogens. This updated priority pathogens list has grown to more than 30 pathogens, now including influenza A virus, monkeypox virus, and dengue virus. The pathogens were selected due to their potential to cause a global public health emergency in humans. According to the WHO report, the process emphasized “the imperative nature of collaborative efforts to attain global resilience against epidemics and pandemics.”

Furthermore, “…the approach used advocates for a scientific framework to enhance preparedness for forthcoming outbreaks, Public Health Emergencies of International Concern (PHEICs), and pandemics by focusing on research of Viral and Bacterial Families, rather than isolated pathogens deemed to present global risks.”

Previous efforts by WHO in 2017 and 2018 identified about a dozen priority pathogens, but it is important to frequently revisit and revise these lists to account for “major global changes in climate change, deforestation, urbanization, international travel, and more,” Neelika Malavige, an immunologist at the University of Sri Jayewardenepura in Colombo, Sri Lanka told Nature.

Furthermore, as Smriti Mallapaty explains in the same Nature news article, the researchers involved with this process also created a list of “prototype pathogens,” “which could act as model species for basic-science studies and the development of therapies and vaccines.” The goal of these is to help encourage more research into under- and less-studied pathogens. Mallapaty writes, “For example, before the COVID-19 pandemic, there were no available human vaccines for any of the coronaviruses, says Malik Peiris, a virologist at the University of Hong Kong, who was part of the Coronaviridae research group. Developing vaccines for one member of the family will bring confidence to the scientific community that it is better placed to address a major public-health emergency for those viruses, he says. This applies to treatments, too, he says, because “many antivirals work across a whole group of viruses”.’

WHO Plans to Send 1.2 Million Polio Vaccines to Gaza

The WHO recently announced it plans to send more than one million polio vaccines to Gaza following the detection of poliovirus in wastewater samples. WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus explained the situation and his agency’s plan in a piece published by The Guardian, writing in part “Across Gaza, more than 39 000 people have been killed, 89 000 wounded, and more than 10 000 are estimated to be missing. Most hospitals are no longer able to function. Already, diarrhoeal diseases, respiratory infections and hepatitis A, among others, are raging through Gaza. Nearly everyone in Gaza is facing acute food insecurity and catastrophic hunger. Thousands of children are malnourished, making them even more susceptible to disease.”

“About 2.3 million people live in the 365 sq km (141 sq mile) Gaza Strip, which has become even more concentrated amid limited access to clean and safe water, and deteriorating sanitary conditions.”

He continued later, writing “While no cases of polio have been recorded yet, without immediate action, it is just a matter of time before it reaches the thousands of children who have been left unprotected. Children under five years are at risk, and especially infants under two because many have not been vaccinated over the nine months of conflict.”

“The World Health Organization (WHO) is sending more than 1m polio vaccines to Gaza, which will be administered in the coming weeks to prevent children being struck down by the disease. However, without an immediate ceasefire and a vast acceleration of humanitarian aid, including a targeted vaccination campaign focused on young children, people will continue to die from preventable diseases and injuries that are treatable.”

The Director-General later discussed other recent examples of polio thriving in places ravaged by conflict and instability: “In 2017, in wartorn Syria,  an outbreak of variant poliovirus – a mutated form of the wild virus that can spread in under-immunised populations – left 74 children paralysed. In Somalia today, a decade-long civil war has resulted in the longest unbroken chain of variant poliovirus transmission globally, circulating since 2017. In Afghanistan and Pakistan, the last two countries  where children are paralysed by wild polio, humanitarian crises and insecurity have prevented the world from stomping out the virus for good.”

Notably, an outbreak of polio in Ukraine that was detected in October 2021 was declared over in September 2023, again highlighting both the dangerous relationship between conflict and infectious disease as well as the global threat diseases like polio continue to pose.

New Study Suggests H5N1 Cases Are Going Undetected in Humans

A team at the University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) recently published research that “…revealed evidence of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian flu infections in two Texas farmworkers not previously confirmed to have the disease, and the investigators also cultured infectious H5N1 virus from milk and cattle samples taken from two Texas dairy farms that previously had H5N1 outbreaks.” Their article-“A One Health Investigation into H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus Epizootics on Two Dairy Farms”-is currently available as a preprint.

The team “detected signs of prior bird flu infections in workers from two dairy farms that had outbreaks in Texas earlier this year. They analyzed blood samples from 14 farmworkers who had not been tested for the virus and found antibodies against it in two. This is a nearly 15% hit rate from only two dairy farms out of more than 170 with bird flu outbreaks in 13 states this year,” explains KFF Health News’ Amy Maxmen.

Maxmen further explains, “As bird flu cases go underreported, health officials risk being slow to notice if the virus were to become more contagious. A large surge of infections outside of farmworker communities would trigger the government’s flu surveillance system, but by then it might be too late to contain.”

In a statement to NPR, Gregory Gray (senior author on the paper) said “I am very confident there are more people being infected than we know about…Largely, that’s because our surveillance has been so poor.”

“COVID-19: Lessons Can Help Agencies Better Prepare for Future Emergencies”

This recent report from the Government Accountability Office draws several important lessons learned from the US government’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic: “The nation continues to recover from the public health and economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. For example, COVID-19 was the tenth leading cause of death in 2023, as compared to being the third leading cause of death in 2020 and 2021. Available data also show that inflation declined between March 2023 and March 2024, but remained higher than pre-pandemic levels.”

“GAO identified lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic that could help federal agencies better prepare for, respond to, and recover from future emergencies. These lessons draw on GAO’s COVID-19 oversight work, which includes 428 recommendations to federal agencies and 24 matters for congressional consideration as of April 2024. Of these recommendations, 220 remain open. Moreover, these recommendations include those related to the three areas GAO added to its High Risk List during the COVID-19 public health emergency:

  1. the Department of Health and Human Services’ leadership and coordination of public health emergencies,
  2. the Department of Labor’s Unemployment Insurance system, and
  3. the Small Business Administration’s emergency loans to small businesses.”

“Agencies across the government could improve their preparedness for future emergencies by fully implementing GAO’s recommendations.”

“Lessons that could help federal agencies better prepare for future emergencies fall into seven topic areas. These lessons highlight instances where government agencies did well in responding to the pandemic, as well as instances where the government response could have been much better.”

“Yemen: Houthis Obstructing Aid, Exacerbating Cholera”

This piece from Human Rights Watch reports on Houthi obstruction of aid work and information access in Yemen amid a widespread cholera outbreak in the country. It explains that “Yemen’s authorities are obstructing aid work and exacerbating a deadly cholera outbreak that is spreading across the country, Human Rights Watch said today. Parties to the conflict, including the Houthis, the Yemeni government, and the Southern Transitional Council (STC), have obstructed aid and access to information and have failed to take adequate preventative measures to mitigate the spread of cholera. Houthi security forces also have detained and threatened civil society staff, including humanitarian aid workers, in their recent arrest campaign.”

“Data collected by aid agencies indicate that between January 1 and July 19 there have been about 95,000 suspected cholera cases, resulting in at least 258 deaths, according to an individual working with the Yemen Health Cluster, a group of aid organizations, authorities, and donors led by the World Health Organization (WHO). All parties to the conflict should end their violations and abuses of Yemenis’ right to health, and the Houthis should end their arbitrary detentions of civil society and humanitarian aid workers.”

“The Influence of Synthetic Biology on National Bioeconomy Strategies”

Konstantinos Vavitsas discusses policymakers’ perceptions of synthetic biology and the intersection of this with national bioeconomy strategies, writing in part “Perhaps the most highlighted policy actions around synthetic biology revolve around biosecurity. The US Congress appointed the National Security Commission on Emerging Biotechnology (NSCEB), chaired by Ginkgo’s CEO Jason Kelly, with the mission to examine the national security implications of emerging biotechnology. “When people think “biotech” plus “national security,” they usually think “biosecurity.” That’s a deeply important topic, but it’s not the core of our mission,” Caitlin Frazer, Executive Director of NSCEB, told me. “We’re looking at issues like how the military could use emerging biotechnology to fuel, feed, and heal our servicemembers, how we can use biotech to shore up vulnerable supply chains. How can we create economic opportunity in the U.S. through biomanufacturing? And, of course, how we protect against misuse of these powerful technologies by countries that don’t share our values.”’

“Software Tools for Strategic Chemical Trade Control Enforcement: Workshops Spotlight Challenges and Tools”

Christina McAllister and Braden Holt discuss a series of workshops hosted by the Stimson Center’s Partnerships in Proliferation Prevention Program in this piece, explaining in part “Several themes emerged across discussions in both workshops that provided important feedback for the development of tools to support strategic trade controls for chemical weapons nonproliferation. Cost was one – many agreed that national customs offices would benefit from tools, but said they needed to be affordable and accessible. Short timelines available to border and customs officials when performing checks on chemical imports and exports also reinforced the need to utilize systems when shippers submit documents, allowing for early detection of controlled chemicals. Emphasis was also placed on the need for tools to work in a variety of environments, including instances where internet or Wi-Fi is unavailable. There was broad agreement that, taking these concerns under consideration, better access to these tools would strengthen strategic chemical trade control enforcement.”

ICYMI: The Global Pandemic Preparedness Summit 2024

The 2024 Global Pandemic Preparedness Summit was held July 29-30 in Rio de Janeiro. Watch recordings of the proceedings (available in both English and Portuguese) here.

Assessing and Navigating Biosecurity Concerns and Benefits of Artificial Intelligence Use in the Life Sciences – August Information Gathering Meeting
From the National Academies: “This is the first in-person meeting of the consensus study, Assessing and Navigating Biosecurity Concerns and Benefits of Artificial Intelligence Use in the Life Sciences. The open session of this information gathering meeting will include initial briefings containing information relevant to study issues. The committee will also meet in closed session for project planning and review of topics and speakers for remaining meetings.”

This event will take place on August 13 and 14. Learn more and register here.

H5N1: Protecting High Risk Communities

From the Pandemic Center at Brown: “On August 16th at 12:00PM ET the Pandemic Center will host a webinar titled H5N1: Protecting High Risk Communities.”

“As H5N1 has spread among livestock, farm workers have been at increased risk of infection. Though H5N1 cases in the US have so far largely been mild, severe illness is still a possibility. There is an urgent need to protect farm workers from the worst this virus has to offer, but there has been little discussion about how to increase farm workers’ access to lifesaving tools, such as vaccines, tests and treatments. This webinar will discuss H5N1 severity and what strategies we should be using to protect the health and safety of high-risk groups.”

“This event will convene a panel of experts to discuss the current H5N1 vaccine landscape. It will be hosted by Jennifer Nuzzo, Director of the Pandemic Center and Professor of Epidemiology at the Brown University School of Public Health. The panel will include:

Nahid Bhadelia, Founding Director, Boston University Center on Emerging Infectious Diseases (CEID)

Rick Bright, CEO & Founder of Bright Global Health and Former Director of BARDA”

“This webinar is part of the Pandemics & Society series, which focuses on current pandemic threats and response systems as well as how to build preparedness for the future.”

“Please contact pandemic_center@brown.edu with any questions.”

Register here.

Pandora Report 6.14.2024

This week’s edition of the Pandora Report covers updates on avian influenza, a recent interim Congressional report on the NIH’s handling of mpox research, a recent report alleging the Department of Defense created an anti-vax misinformation campaign aimed at undermining China’s vaccine diplomacy in the Philippines, and more.

Avian Influenza Updates

USDA: Twenty-Four Companies Are Working to Create Avian Flu Vaccine for Cattle

Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack told Reuters this week that twenty-four companies are currently working to develop an avian flu vaccine for cattle among continued spread among US dairy herds. Furthermore, Vilsack explained that the USDA is also conducting its own preliminary vaccine research at its laboratory in Ames, Iowa. In addition to looking for a vaccine candidate to test for efficacy, the Department is also researching potential respiratory spread of the virus between cows and working to provide support to farmers to improve biosecurity in their facilities.

Vilsack also promised that a pilot program for bulk milk testing will be rolled out “in the very near future.” The program will hopefully expand testing for H5N1 while enabling healthy herds to move across state lines without needing negative tests from every animal. Vilsack says Michigan and Idaho are among the states that have expressed interest in the program.

First Fatal Human Case of H5N2 Confirmed in Mexico

The WHO confirmed last week that a 59-year-old Mexican man died in April a week after developing fever, shortness of breath, and diarrhea. The Mexican Ministry of Health reports that the man had several comorbidities, including chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, and long-standing systemic arterial hypertension. While the National Institute of Respiratory Diseases in Ciudad de México initially said they found a non-subtypeable influenza A virus in respiratory samples from the patient, the Mexico National Influenza Centre confirmed on May 22 that its subtype was H5N2. While Mexico did report an H5N2 outbreak on a backyard poultry farm in the state bordering the man’s state (Michoacan), it is not yet clear how he contracted the virus.

While this case is unrelated to the ongoing spread of H5N1 in the United States, this is the first case of H5N2 confirmed in a human. Furthermore, H5N2 was the primary culprit in a wave of US outbreaks on poultry farms in the mid-2010s. This was just one decade after an outbreak in Texas in 2004 in a chicken flock in Texas marked the first time in two decades that a dangerous-to-poultry avian flu appeared in the United States.

“Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Genotype B3.13 in Dairy Cattle: National Epidemiologic Brief”

The USDA recently published this national epidemiologic brief: “On March 25, 2024, USDA announced unpasteurized, clinical samples of milk from sick cattle collected from two dairy farms in Kansas and one in Texas, as well as an oropharyngeal swab from another dairy in Texas, have tested positive for highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). USDA’s National Veterinary Services Laboratories confirmed the detection as HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b, genotype B3.13. Phylogenetic analysis and epidemiology support a single introduction into this novel host followed by onward transmission.”

“This report provides field epidemiologic summaries using data collected from epidemiologic questionnaires for H5N1 affected dairy herds.”

Further Reading

CDC: “CDC Reports A(H5N1) Ferret Study Results”

Amy Maxmen and Arthur Allen: “Bird Flu Tests Are Hard To Get. So How Will We Know When To Sound the Pandemic Alarm?” KFF Health News

Samuel V. Scarpino: “Timeline: H5N1 Bird Flu Outbreak in the U.S.,” Think Global Health

Maggie Fox: “H5N1 Bird Flu Isn’t a Human Pandemic–Yet. American Contrariness Could Turn It into One,” Scientific American

Helen Branswell: “In Dribs and Drabs, USDA Reports Suggest Containing Bird Flu Outbreak in Dairy Cows Will Be Challenging,” STAT

BlueDot: ILI Pulse: A(H5N1) Outbreaks in the USA

Katherine J. Wu: “How Much Worse Would a Bird-Flu Pandemic Be?” The Atlantic

Brenda Goodman: “Bird Flu is Rampant in Animals. Humans Ignore it at Our Own Peril,” CNN

Congressional Republicans Target NIH Mpox Research in New Report

Republicans on the House Energy and Commerce Committee released this week a report titled “Interim Staff Report on Investigation into Risky MPXV Experiment at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.” In it, members accuse the NIH of obstructing the investigation of proposed research on MPXV at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), in addition to failing to properly regulate this controversial work. The report explains that, “The primary conclusion drawn at this point in the investigation is that NIAID cannot be trusted to oversee its own research of pathogens responsibly. It cannot be trusted to determine whether an experiment on a potential pandemic pathogen or enhanced potential pandemic pathogen poses unacceptable biosafety risk or a serious public health threat. Lastly, NIAID cannot be trusted to honestly communicate with Congress and the public about controversial GOFROC experiments.”

Science reports that “A spokesperson for the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), NIH’s parent agency, dismissed the report’s conclusions. “The committee is looking for an issue where there isn’t one. HHS and its divisions, including NIH, follow strict biosafety measures as our scientists work to better understand and protect the public from infectious diseases—like mpox,” the spokesperson said.”

The investigation is one of many Congressional efforts to probe concerns about biosafety in laboratories and other concerns raised by the pandemic. This investigation was launched in late 2022 after Bernard Moss, a well-known poxvirus researcher at NIAID, described research he was planning to conduct in a Science news article.

Science explains that “Moss was trying to understand the difference between the virulent clade I monkeypox virus strain causing outbreaks mostly in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the milder clade II virus, which spread from West Africa around the world in 2022. In a first effort, Moss said he had inserted genes from milder clade II into a clade I virus, without seeing it become less dangerous in mice. He told Science he was next planning to explore the reverse transfer: whether inserting genes from clade I into clade II viruses made these usually milder viruses more lethal to mice.”

“Some researchers raised the alarm, worried the study qualified as risky GOF research because the resulting virus could be much more dangerous and even touch off a pandemic. Committee members say that when they sought more information from NIH and NIAID on the experiments, they were initially told the transfer of genes from clade I to clade II was never approved…Then in March, NIAID revealed that its biosafety committee had signed off on a project that included such gene transfers in 2015, but that researchers never followed through; they only moved genes from clade II to clade I. The HHS spokesperson says, “The experiment referenced by the committee was never conducted, which the committee knows.”’

“This is a colorized transmission electron microscopic image of mpox virus particles (red), found within an infected cell (blue), that had been cultured in the laboratory. The image was captured and color-enhanced at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Integrated Research Facility (IRF), located in Fort Detrick, Maryland.”| Credit: CDC PHIL

The Committee’s press release explains that “For nearly a year and a half, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the NIH, and NIAID misrepresented and deceived the Committee by repeatedly denying that the potentially dangerous experiment was proposed and approved. However, after being pressed repeatedly by Committee Leaders, HHS ultimately admitted Dr. Moss’s research team had been granted approval to conduct a bidirectional MPVX gene-transfer experiment (i.e., inserting the more lethal strain into the more transmissible strain and vice versa). Documents made available for review to Committee staff confirmed the 2015 approval of the experiment and raised additional concerns.”

It continues with “HHS, the NIH, and NIAID still maintain the riskier research project was never conducted. However, no documentation or any other evidence has been produced to substantiate the claim. NIAID has also failed to offer any explanation of the circumstances and rationale that supposedly led the Moss research team to drop the bidirectional mpox gene-transfer experiment after receiving approval for the project. “

The report also raises concerns about existing federal rules covering gain-of-function research, suggesting that they currently do not do enough because they allow researchers, their institutions, and NIAID to decide which projects fit the definition of GOF work. The report argues this is an “inescapable conflict of interest,” and that screening should be conducted by a panel at HHS or a new “wholly independent” entity.

The Committee also expressed disagreement with how GOF is defined in the new federal rules and made several more conclusions, including “NIAID has a culture of secrecy and obfuscation regarding experiments involving pandemic and potential pandemic pathogens. HHS and the NIH are complicit in enabling NIAID’s culture of secrecy and obfuscation. This is incompatible with accountable, democratic governance and further erodes the public’s trust in government health agencies,” and “: Principal investigators, research institutes, and funding agencies are poorly positioned to, and perhaps incapable of, conducting adequate risk/benefit analysis and oversight of experiments that—by virtue of having proposed them and approved their funding—they want to see conducted. This is an inescapable conflict of interest and misalignment of incentives that results in experiments being approved and conducted without sufficient scrutiny or ongoing oversight.”

Report Alleges US Department of Defense Ran “Secret Anti-Vax Campaign to Undermine China During Pandemic”

A recent report from Reuters claims that, “At the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. military launched a secret campaign to counter what it perceived as China’s growing influence in the Philippines, a nation hit especially hard by the deadly virus.”

The report’s authors, Chris Bing and Joel Schectman, continue, writing “The clandestine operation has not been previously reported. It aimed to sow doubt about the safety and efficacy of vaccines and other life-saving aid that was being supplied by China, a Reuters investigation found. Through phony internet accounts meant to impersonate Filipinos, the military’s propaganda efforts morphed into an anti-vax campaign. Social media posts decried the quality of face masks, test kits and the first vaccine that would become available in the Philippines – China’s Sinovac inoculation.”

The report later explains that “The U.S. military’s anti-vax effort began in the spring of 2020 and expanded beyond Southeast Asia before it was terminated in mid-2021, Reuters determined. Tailoring the propaganda campaign to local audiences across Central Asia and the Middle East, the Pentagon used a combination of fake social media accounts on multiple platforms to spread fear of China’s vaccines among Muslims at a time when the virus was killing tens of thousands of people each day. A key part of the strategy: amplify the disputed contention that, because vaccines sometimes contain pork gelatin, China’s shots could be considered forbidden under Islamic law.”

“The military program started under former President Donald Trump and continued months into Joe Biden’s presidency, Reuters found – even after alarmed social media executives warned the new administration that the Pentagon had been trafficking in COVID misinformation. The Biden White House issued an edict in spring 2021 banning the anti-vax effort, which also disparaged vaccines produced by other rivals, and the Pentagon initiated an internal review, Reuters found.”

Read more here.

OPCW Fact-Finding Mission Concludes Latest Investigations into Reports in Syria

The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons recently announced its Fact-Finding Mission (FFM) in Syria concluded “…that the information obtained and analysed is not sufficient to provide reasonable grounds to determine that toxic chemicals were used as a weapon in the reported incidents that occurred on 9 August 2017 in Qalib al-Thawr and 8 November 2017 al-Balil, Hama Governorate, the Syrian Arab Republic.”

Read more about the FFM, these two reports from the Syrian Arab Republic, and the FFM’s conclusions here.

“Russia Spreads Disinformation to Cover Up Its Use of Chemical Weapons in Ukraine”

The Department of State’s Global Engagement Center recently published this report in several languages discussing Russia’s use of chemical weapons and its efforts to conceal that use in Ukraine. It explains in part, “Russia’s use of such chemicals is not an isolated incident, and is probably driven by Russian forces’ desire to dislodge Ukrainian forces from fortified positions and drive them into the line of fire, the exact reason the CWC prohibits the use of RCA as method of warfare, and achieve tactical gains on the battlefield. Russia retains an undeclared chemical weapons program and has used chemical weapons, such as the Novichok nerve agents, at least twice in recent years in assassination attempts.”

“Catalyzing Crisis: A Primer on Artificial Intelligence, Catastrophes, and National Security”

Bill Drexel and Caleb Withers authored this report for CNAS: “The arrival of ChatGPT in November 2022 initiated both great excitement and fear around the world about the potential and risks of artificial intelligence (AI). In response, several AI labs, national governments, and international bodies have launched new research and policy efforts to mitigate large-scale AI risks. However, growing efforts to mitigate these risks have also produced a divisive and often confusing debate about how to define, distinguish, and prioritize severe AI hazards. This categorical confusion could complicate policymakers’ efforts to discern the unique features and national security implications of the threats AI poses—and hinder efforts to address them. Specifically, emerging catastrophic risks with weighty national security implications are often overlooked between the two dominant discussions about AI concern in public discourse: present-day systemic harms from AI related to bias and discrimination on the one hand, and cantankerous, future-oriented debates about existential risks from AI on the other.”

“This report aims to: Demonstrate the growing importance of mitigating AI’s catastrophic risks for national security practitioners, Clarify what AI’s catastrophic risks are (and are not), Introduce the dimensions of AI safety that will most shape catastrophic risks.”

“Driving AIxBio Innovation Through Data and Standardization”

The National Security Commission on Emerging Biotechnology recently published this paper: “If the United States wants to remain a leader in artificial intelligence (AI) and biotechnology (AIxBio), it must treat biological data as a strategic asset to support the next phase of AIxBio models. These models will rely on biological data sets of unprecedented scale, likely generated through high-throughput lab automation and new experimental methods. Biological data enable the use of AIxBio models, but advances in AIxBio are limited by the availability of appropriate and usable data.1 Additionally, data standardization would enable the United States to combine data from across its robust and diverse life science ecosystem to further advance AIxBio and maximize its potential benefits. This white paper describes considerations for generating and standardizing biological data to support continued AIxBio research, development, and application.”

“APP3 Statement on the Importance of Biosafety and Biosecurity in the Age of Artificial Intelligence and Emerging Technologies”

This statement was recently released by the  GHSA Action Package Prevent-3 on Biosafety and Biosecurity, Emerging Biological Risks Working Group: “As advances in AI and emerging technologies continue to increase worldwide quickly, there are growing concerns that AI tools and other emerging technologies could act synergistically with synthetic biotechnologies to cause significant harm. The APP3 believes it is imperative to understand further and mitigate the biological risks of AI and emerging biotechnologies, reduce the risk of technology misuse, and protect economic and global health security. Efforts to raise awareness within the GHSA community, cultivate responsible scientific work, strengthen biosecurity controls, and mitigate biological risks associated with new technologies globally are critical.”

Read more here.

“Why the Global Bioeconomy Urgently Needs Technical Standards and Metrics”

Paul Freemont, India Hook-Barnard, and Matthew Chang published this piece with the World Economic Forum, in which they write “The global bioeconomy is estimated to be worth about $4 trillion, and more than 50 nations now have published bioeconomy strategies or have policies steering towards a sustainable bioeconomy. With the development of new technologies in engineering and synthetic biology, the bioeconomy is growing rapidly…Growth of the sector will bring increased commercialization, scale-up and distributed manufacturing, and promote manufacturing resilience by diversifying production streams beyond traditional chemical manufacturing.”

“However, the current lack of standards and metrics that apply directly to such a large global industry could result in chaos, with failed interoperability and an inability to share data or allow for technology transfer internationally…The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has published only 35 standards directly related to biotechnology; in comparison, there are 79 published standards relating specifically to dental instruments…As such, there is a call from industry representatives and academics alike to develop technical standards and metrics that can be applied across the innovation pipeline to support the growth of the bioeconomy.”

“The Viral Most Wanted: The Orthomyxoviruses”

Kate Kelland continues CEPI’s “The Viral Most Wanted” with this latest installment: “It’s considered the most deadly single contagious disease event in all of human history and infected 500 million people worldwide—a third of the planet’s population.”

“It struck in three merciless waves—the first, relatively mild, in March 1918; the second, more brutal, in August 1918; and the third and deadliest of all in late 1918, running through the first few months of 1919.”

“It is estimated to have killed almost five times as many people as were killed during World War One.”

“More than half of the people it killed were fit, strong, healthy young adults in the prime of life—including millions of World War One soldiers.”

“Its victims often died within hours or days of developing symptoms. Their skin would turn blue and their lungs would fill with fluid, causing them to suffocate from within.” 

“This was the Spanish Flu—the Great Influenza pandemic of 1918-1919—caused by a virus called influenza type A subtype H1N1. It and its many life-threatening relatives are part of the Orthomyxovirus family—one of The Viral Most Wanted.”

“Countering Disinformation and Misinformation in Animal Health Emergencies”

The World Organisation for Animal Health and INTERPOL recently released this set of guidelines: “To orient Veterinary Services, Aquatic Animal Health Services and Law Enforcement to these issues and introduce some key strategies to manage disinformation and misinformation, these guidelines have been prepared by the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) and the International Criminal Police Organisation (INTERPOL). They draw from a June 2022 virtual workshop convened as part of the WOAH, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and INTERPOL Project on ‘building resilience against agro-crime and agro-terrorism’, which was funded by Global Affairs Canada’s Weapons Threat Reduction Program [1].”

“The guidelines provide a starting point for these services and agencies, as well as organisations working in animal health emergencies, to prepare for, detect and respond to disinformation and misinformation. Since this is a fast-moving area with much information and guidance already available, this document includes links to further resources that offer more detail on specific strategies and actions.”

“WHO Bacterial Priority Pathogens List, 2024: Bacterial Pathogens of Public Health Importance to Guide Research, Development and Strategies to Prevent and Control Antimicrobial Resistance”

From WHO: “The 2024 WHO Bacterial Priority Pathogens List (WHO BPPL) is an important tool in the global fight against antimicrobial resistance. Building on the 2017 edition, the 2024 WHO BPPL updates and refines the prioritization of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens to address the evolving challenges of antibiotic resistance. The list categorizes these pathogens into critical, high, and medium priority groups to inform research and development (R&D) and public health interventions.”

“The 2024 WHO BPPL covers 24 pathogens, spanning 15 families of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens. Notable among these are Gram-negative bacteria resistant to last-resort antibiotics, drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis, and other high-burden resistant pathogens such as SalmonellaShigellaNeisseria gonorrhoeaePseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. The inclusion of these pathogens in the list underscores their global impact in terms of burden, as well as issues related to transmissibility, treatability, and prevention options. It also reflects the R&D pipeline of new treatments and emerging resistance trends.”

“The WHO BPPL acts as a guide for prioritizing R&D and investments in AMR, emphasizing the need for regionally tailored strategies to effectively combat resistance. It targets developers of antibacterial medicines, academic and public research institutions, research funders, and public–private partnerships investing in AMR R&D, as well as policy-makers responsible for developing and implementing AMR policies and programs.”

“Further details on the rationale behind the list, the methodologies used to develop the list and the key findings, can be found in the accompanying report.”

“A Long COVID Definition: A Chronic, Systemic Disease State with Profound Consequences”

From NASEM: “The lack of a clear and consistent definition for Long COVID presents challenges for policymakers, researchers, public health professionals, clinicians, support services, and patients. As such, the Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response and the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health asked the National Academies to assemble a committee of experts to produce a consensus definition for Long COVID. The resulting report, A Long COVID Definition: A Chronic, Systemic Disease State with Profound Consequences, presents the 2024 NASEM Long COVID Definition, developed based on findings reported in existing literature, as well as stakeholder and patient input.”

Read here.

“Pentagon Playing Catch Up After Years Neglecting Nuclear Protection”

Stew Magnuson recently published this piece in National Defense discussing the Army’s recent report, “An Independent Assessment of the Army’s Ability to Fight and Win on a Nuclear Battlefield.” He writes in part, “The Army Science Board in September completed work on a report, “An Independent Assessment of the Army’s Ability to Fight and Win on a Nuclear Battlefield.”

“Its conclusions were not revealed to the public and are available to read only on classified networks. But listening to a handful of government experts at a recent presentation who did have access to the report, its overall conclusions must be alarming.”

What We’re Listening to 🎧

Voices from DARPA Podcast Episode 79: Integrating ELSI
“In this episode, we’ll be taking a deeper dive into ELSI – ethical, legal, and societal implications of new technologies and capabilities – and specific examples of how DARPA programs have incorporated those considerations into their structure.”

“We’re highlighting three examples of how DARPA integrated ELSI throughout the program lifecycle via the counsel of experts from the medical, scientific, legal, and ethics communities to assist program managers and performers in identifying and mitigating any potential issues.”

“The first program, out of our Biological Technologies Office, is Safe Genes, which supported force protection and military health and readiness by developing tools and methodologies to control, counter, and even reverse the effects of genome editing—including gene drives—in biological systems across scales.”

“The second program, Urban Reconnaissance through Supervised Autonomy (URSA) from our Tactical Technology Office (TTO) aimed to enable improved techniques for rapidly discriminating hostile intent and filtering out threats in complex urban environments.”

“And, finally, the current In the Moment program in our Information Innovation Office (I2O) seeks to identify key attributes underlying trusted human decision-making in dynamic settings and computationally representing those attributes, to generate a quantitative alignment framework for a trusted human decision-maker and an algorithm.”

Listen here.

NEW: Upcoming Hearing on COVID-19 Origins

“Biodefense Program Director, Dr. Gregory Koblentz, will be testifying at the upcoming Senate Homeland Security and Government Affairs hearing on “Origins of COVID-19: An Examination of Available Evidence,” which will be held on Tuesday, June 19 at 10 AM. Also testifying will be Dr. Robert Garry from Tulane University, Dr. Stephen C. Quay from Atossa Therapeutics, and Dr. Richard H. Ebright from Rutgers University.”

NEW: Why Isn’t the World Ready for the Next Pandemic? How Can It Be?

From the Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response: “The Right Honourable Helen Clark and Her Excellency Ellen Johnson Sirleaf explore these questions and provide answers in their new report: No Time to Gamble: Leaders Must Unite to Prevent Pandemics.”

This virtual event will take place on June 18 at 1 pm CET. Learn more and register here.

NEW: IRF Book Launch: Essentials of Biological Security: A Global Perspective

The Interdisciplinary Research Forum is hosting this book launch for Essentials of Biological Security: A Global Perspective by Lijun Shang, Weiwen Zhang, and Malcolm Dando: “Improving biosecurity education appears to be a key means to address the need for awareness raising and education about the dangers of the dual use research for life scientists within a culture of responsible research under BTWC or CBW. Although it has been advocated for a long time, it still presents a challenging task for all stakeholders, especially for life science communities.”

“In this launching workshop, the leading editor Professor Lijun Shang will explain the background of initiation of this book, including the purpose and strategy plan of using the book to implement biosecurity education. Professor Malcolm Dando will give an overview of the book with brief introduction of each chapter, and Professor Weiwen Zhang will talk about our promotion plan for this book, including translation, workshops, and future publication plans.”

“We will also have chapter authors to briefly introduce their individual chapters either in person or through a video recording. Finally, we will have Iris Magne to talk about our plans of using this book as a first stepping stone in the current project of Building up An International Security Education Network to include the book.”

This event will take place on June 14 at 2 pm BST. Learn more and register here.

NEW: DARPA B-SAFE Industry Day

From DARPA: “The rapidly evolving field of advanced genome editing tools has enabled the ability to modify genetic material in a manner that is precise, rapid, cost-effective, and broadly accessible. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) or CRISPR-Cas technologies represent one of the most widely adopted tools in the genome engineering toolkit, and its advancement has revolutionized the field of biotechnology and genetic engineering. However, concerns regarding the precision, specificity, and control of CRISPR-Cas systems remain. The DARPA Broad-Spectrum Antagonists For Editors, or B-SAFE, program aims to develop platform technologies for highly potent inhibitors for multiple classes, types, and species of editors with enhanced activity, utility, and breadth of coverage. The B-SAFE program will also address the challenge of inhibitor molecules keeping pace with the discovery of novel editing systems by developing a platform for rapid discovery and development of inhibitors of novel, emergent gene editor technologies. The B-SAFE program will produce tools capable of complete inhibition of CRISPR-Cas systems with minimal off-target effects. Platforms must be capable of inhibiting DNA editors (Cas9 and Cas12 species) but approaches that also include RNA editors, other DNA editors, and emerging technologies are encouraged. The ideal solution would be capable of inhibiting all Cas9 and Cas12 species.”

This event will take place virtually and in-person on June 28. Learn more and register here.

The Advancing Threat Agnostic Biodefense Webinar Series-Computational and Systems Biology Advances to Enable Bioagent Agnostic Signatures

From PNNL: “Join us as we welcome Andy Lin, Computational Biologist at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. His talk, titled “Computational and Systems Biology Advances to Enable Bioagent Agnostic Signatures” will be Tuesday, June 18, at noon PT.”

“Enumerated threat agent lists have long driven biodefense priorities. The global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic demonstrated the limitations of searching for known threat agents as compared to a more agnostic approach. Recent technological advances are enabling agent-agnostic biodefense, especially through the integration of multi-modal observations of host-pathogen interactions directed by a human immunological model.”

“Although well-developed technical assays exist for many aspects of human-pathogen interaction, the analytic methods and pipelines to combine and holistically interpret the results of such assays are immature and require further investments to exploit new technologies.”

“In this talk, we discuss potential immunologically based bioagent-agnostic approaches and the computational tool gaps the community should prioritize filling.”

Register here.

Registration for GHS 2024 Now Open

Registration is now open for the Global Health Security 2024 conference in Sydney, Australia. This iteration will take place 18-21 June, 2024. The call for abstracts is also still open. “The mission of the Global Health Security conference is to provide a forum where leaders, researchers, policy-makers, and representatives from government, international organisations, civil society, and private industry from around the world can engage with each other, review the latest research and policy innovations, and agree solutions for making the world safer and healthier. To that end, our mission is to help foster a genuinely multidisciplinary community of practice that is committed to working collaboratively to enhance global health security and eliminate disease, irrespective of its origin or source.”

SBA.3 International Synthetic Biology, and Biosecurity Conference in Africa

“Join us for the SBA.3 International Synthetic Biology and Biosecurity Conference in Africa, a groundbreaking event that brings together experts, researchers, and enthusiasts in the field of synthetic biology. This in-person conference will take place at the Laico Regency Hotel from Wed, Jul 17, 2024 to Friday, Jul 19, 2024.”

“Get ready to dive into the exciting world of synthetic biology and explore its potential applications in Africa. From cutting-edge research to innovative solutions, this conference offers a unique opportunity to learn, network, and collaborate with like-minded individuals.”

“Discover the latest advancements, trends, and challenges in synthetic biology through engaging keynote speeches, interactive workshops, and thought-provoking panel discussions. Immerse yourself in a vibrant atmosphere where ideas flow freely and new connections are made.”

“Whether you’re a seasoned professional or just starting your journey in synthetic biology, this conference provides a platform to expand your knowledge, exchange ideas, and contribute to the growth of the field in Africa.”

“Don’t miss out on this extraordinary event that promises to shape the future of synthetic biology and biosecurity in Africa. Mark your calendars and join us at the SBA.3 International Synthetic Biology and Biosecurity Conference in Africa!”

Learn more and register here.

Jobs Postings: Detailee (Current Federal Employee), Policy Analyst, Policy Advisor

The National Security Commission on Emerging Biotechnology (NSCEB) currently has multiple job openings for those who are current federal employees or those who already hold a TS clearance with TS/SCI preferred. Learn more and apply here.

Job Posting: Research Associate (Global Health Law & Governance)

The National University of Singapore is currently hiring a research associate focused on global health law and governance: “The Global Health Law and Governance Program at the NUS Centre for international Law is recruiting a one-year Research Associate position. The Program focuses on the international legal, regulatory and governance aspects of pandemic prevention and response, as well as international public health emergencies. Topics of interest include the World Health Organization’s negotiations on a new pandemic accord, the revision of the International Health Regulations, improving fair and equitable access to medicines, access and benefit sharing of pathogen samples/genetic sequencing data, intellectual property and technology transfer, global health innovation and technologies, and more. The program conducts research, offers education and training, and organizes events. The Research Associate will support the work of the Program and will also undertake a personal research project.”

Learn more and apply here.

Pandora Report 5.31.2024

This week’s edition of the Pandora Report focuses on stalled negotiations on amendments to the 2005 International Health Regulations and a new pandemic accord ahead of this week’s World Health Assembly, ARPA-H’s new investments in automated healthcare cybersecurity, BioNTech’s new $145 million in funding from CEPI, and updates on the scheme at the University of Florida to illegally purchase biochemical samples and certain drugs and then ship them illicitly to China.

Pandemic Accord Negotiations Stall Ahead of World Health Assembly

Negotiations on amendments to the 2005 International Health Regulations (IHR) and a pandemic accord set to be adopted at the World Health Assembly stalled earlier this week as member states struggled to reach consensus in both processes. This was despite member states’ agreements on much of the amendment and treaty draft texts. WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said in a statement that negotiators simply ran out of time and that “My wish is that we will come out of the Health Assembly re-energized and inspired, because the world still needs a pandemic treaty and the world needs to be prepared…This is not a failure.”

However, some disagree as negotiators may not come to an agreement on the pandemic accord for another year or more as delegates have indicated extensive further negotiations will be necessary. Key disagreements center on financing, how much of their products pharmaceutical companies ought to be required to specifically set aside for the countries most in need, and intellectual property rights and sanctions. In particular, as noted by The Guardian, is the question of what level of access to things like vaccines and therapeutics developing countries can expect in return for their efforts in things like monitoring and sharing information about pathogens spreading in their countries.

The pandemic accord has also become the subject of mis- and disinformation, with some claiming falsely that the treaty is actually a WHO power grab that will allow the organization to impose lockdowns on countries. A large blue bus was even spotted driving around near the Palais des Nations in Geneva where negotiations and the WHA are taking place, urging people to say “NO to the Pandemic Treaty” and to “STOP the UN Power Grab”.

Ultimately, member states agreed to end the negotiations and submit their outcomes for consideration at the WHA. The outcomes of the pandemic accord negotiations and the findings from the Working Group on the IHR are being presented at the World Health Assembly this week.

ARPA-H Announces Cybersecurity Automation Program for Healthcare Facilities

Recently, the Advanced Health Research Projects Agency for Health (ARPA-H) announced the launch of the Universal PatchinG and Remediation for Autonomous DEfense (UPGRADE) program, “a cybersecurity effort that will invest more than $50 million to create tools for information technology (IT) teams to better defend the hospital environments they are tasked with securing.”

In its statement, the agency explained “Cyberattacks that hamper hospital operations can impact patient care while critical systems are down and can even lead to facility closure. A major hurdle in advancing cybersecurity tools in the health sector is the number and variety of internet-connected devices unique to each facility. While consumer products are patched regularly and rapidly, taking a critical piece of hospital infrastructure offline for updates can be very disruptive. Delayed development and deployment of software fixes can leave actively supported devices vulnerable for over a year and unsupported legacy devices vulnerable far longer.”

“Filling this gap in digital health security will take expertise from IT staff, medical device manufacturers and vendors, health care providers, human factors engineers, and cybersecurity experts to create a tailored and scalable software suite for hospital cyber-resilience. The UPGRADE platform will enable proactive evaluation of potential vulnerabilities by probing models of digital hospital environments for weaknesses in software. Once a threat is detected, a remediation (e.g., patch) can be automatically procured or developed, tested in the model environment, and deployed with minimum interruption to the devices in use in a hospital.”

“Addressing vulnerabilities in health care and data security is a challenge that ARPA-H is uniquely positioned to address. ARPA-H’s Digital Health Security Initiative, DIGIHEALS, launched last summer and is focused on securing individual applications and devices. The agency has also recently partnered with Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency for the Artificial Intelligence Cyber Challenge, or AIxCC, a prize competition to secure open-source software used in critical infrastructure. UPGRADE aims to secure whole systems and networks of medical devices to ensure solutions can be employed at scale.”

“Through a forthcoming solicitation, UPGRADE seeks performer teams to submit proposals on four technical areas: creating a vulnerability mitigation software platform, developing high-fidelity digital twins of hospital equipment, auto-detecting vulnerabilities, and auto-developing custom defenses.”

“Multiple awards under this solicitation are anticipated. To learn more about UPGRADE, including information about the draft solicitation, virtual Proposers’ Day registration, and how to state interest in forming an applicant team, visit the UPGRADE program page.”

“For more information on HHS’ Cybersecurity Performance Goals and HHS’ cybersecurity work, visit HHS Cybersecurity Gateway.”

BioNTech Secures $145 Million in Funding from CEPI for Vaccine Plants in Africa

In a joint statement this week, BioNTech and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) announced that CEPI will provide BioNTech with an additional $145 million to help the company “enhance local R&D, clinical and commercial-scale manufacturing capacities to develop potential mRNA vaccines in Africa, for Africa,” at the company’s facility in Kigali, Rwanda. According to the company, “BioNTech’s commercial-scale manufacturing facility in Kigali was first announced in 2021 and inaugurated in December 2023. The facility is based on the Company’s high-tech, digitally enabled modular manufacturing units called BioNTainers, designed to manufacture a range of mRNA-based vaccines. BioNTech’s Kigali manufacturing facility could become the first commercial mRNA facility in Africa, intended to support the African Union’s and Africa CDC’s goal of producing 60 percent of total vaccine doses required on the continent by 2040.”

This funding is in addition to the $90 million CEPI provided the company with in September to support the development of vaccine candidates targeting mpox. Reuters reports that “CEPI CEO Richard Hatchett told Reuters that in a health emergency up to half of the Kigali plant’s annual capacity of around 50 million vaccines could be dedicated to making vaccines to respond to the emergency, as part of the funding deal…He said the money was for speeding up the development of the factory and to add on the capacity to produce material for research and clinical trials for third parties, not for specific vaccine development.”

University of Florida Employee and Students Implicated in Plot to Ship Biochemical Samples, Drugs to China

A research employee and several students from the University of Florida have been implicated in a scheme to illegally purchase thousands of drugs and biochemical samples and then illicitly ship the samples to China over the next seven years, according to reporting from NPR. It is not clear yet if the researcher and students (who were identified as co-conspirators) have been charged and arrested.

According to NPR, “The materials smuggled to China included what the government described as purified, non-contagious proteins of the cholera toxin and pertussis toxin, which causes whooping cough. Cholera is a generally non-fatal intestinal infection that can cause severe dehydration. Whooping cough is a highly contagious bacterial infection that can lead to violent coughing, vomiting and even respiratory distress – but is preventable with a vaccine…Other materials smuggled to China in the scheme included small amounts of highly purified drugs – known as analytical samples – of fentanyl, morphine, MDMA, cocaine, ketamine, codeine, methamphetamine, amphetamine, acetylmorphine and methadone, court records showed. Such small samples would generally be used for calibrating scientific or medical devices.”

Adding further intrigue to the matter, one of the students listed in the court document is Nongnong “Leticia” Zheng, who was also president of UF’s Chinese Students and Scholars Association-a PRC embassy-approved student organization that was allegedly targeted by the scheme’s organizers for recruitment of Chinese students. The organization protested last year the enactment of a law in Florida that “limits universities from recruiting students and faculty from China – and bans employing such students from working in academic labs without special permission.”

Prosecutors allege that Zheng, a marketing major, agreed to change her UF email signature to falsely claim that she was a biomedical engineering student in order to purchase the samples without raising suspicions. According to NPR, “Zheng, who said she lived most of her life in China, said in a tearful interview Friday at her apartment complex she was deceived and victimized by the scheme’s organizers, who she said solicited help finding paid interns from the Chinese student organization. Foreign students on educational visas are limited in how or whether they can work for pay.”

Furthermore, “The scheme’s organizers also paid UF students other than Zheng to allow use of their UF email addresses to order the substances, prosecutors said. Organizers paid the UF research employee with Home Depot gift cards worth hundreds of dollars and paid for trips and loans, court records showed. Prosecutors said organizers also used the email addresses of two UF researchers who had already left the university by 2015. They were not described as co-conspirators.”

The scheme, which lasted from 2016 to 2023, finally came undone when the company the UF researcher was ordering from, MilliporeSigma, became suspicious and reported the issue to the US government. The company, a subsidiary of Merck KGaA in Darmstadt, said in a recent statement that it has fired the employee involved with the scheme and is cooperating with investigators to avoid prosecution. According to the Department of Justice, this is the first time new rules allowing companies who self-report export violations and cooperate with investigators to avoid prosecution are being applied.

Deputy Attorney General Lisa Monaco said in a statement about the case, “Because of MilliporeSigma’s timely disclosure and exceptional cooperation, a rogue company insider and his accomplice pled guilty to fraudulently diverting millions of dollars worth of biochemicals to China, and the company will not be prosecuted…As national security and corporate crime increasingly intersect, companies that step up and own up under the department’s voluntary self-disclosure programs can help themselves and our nation.”

“Revisiting Health Security Governance: The Korean Biosurveillance Regime from Biopolitics to Biocitizenship”

HyunJung “Henry” Kim, Biodefense PhD alum, Research Fellow at the Institute for National Security Strategy (INSS), and Arms Control Negotiation Academy (ACONA) Fellow, recently published “Revisiting Health Security Governance: The Korean Biosurveillance Regime from Biopolitics to Biocitizenship,” in Asian Perspective. In the article, Kim assesses South Korea’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic using the biopolitics framework developed by the French philosopher Michael Foucault. According to the article’s abstract, “The South Korean COVID-19 pandemic response implemented a new biosurveillance regime actively utilizing new information and communication technology (ICT) and digital tools, centered on the testing, tracing, and treating (3T) strategy. Critics argue that Korea’s 3T strategy may violate individuals’ privacy and human rights. According to Foucauldian perspectives, implementing a strict regime of this nature would bolster the government’s social surveillance capabilities and enable population control, effectively establishing a “digital big brother” in the age of cyberspace. However, Western media highlights the citizen’s voluntary participation in biosurveillance practices as well as the successful national election during the pandemic, praising it as a new pandemic response model for democratic countries. Closer scrutiny reveals that Korea’s digital-based biosurveillance system for pandemic response has evolved since the experience with the 2015 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outbreak, by citizens’ requests and self-help behaviors. The biocitizenship framework’s bottom-up approach offers a more robust explanation for the emergence of new biosurveillance in Korea in the context of health security, as opposed to the top-down approach of biopolitics. This article’s case study illustrates how the post-MERS digital biosurveillance in Korea serves as a new model of biocitizenship establishing governmental discipline by social compromise.

“False Russian Claims Hijacked the Biological Weapons Treaty. Here’s How to Reclaim It”

Eva Siegmann discusses Russia’s false information regarding the United States’ Cooperative Threat Reduction program and its work in Ukraine in this piece for The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists in addition to how to prevent future efforts to misuse the processes outlined under the BWC. She writes in part, “Russia misused the consultation procedure to spread its unfounded allegations and continued to do so after the procedure’s conclusion, which undermined the consultation mechanism and hampered progress on other issues. This misuse highlighted a need to reassess the Article V procedure and its capacity to safeguard the functioning of the treaty, which is crucial in today’s evolving biothreat landscape. To prevent future misuse from happening and hampering treaty proceedings, treaty members need to agree on a pragmatic redefinition of the consultative process.”

“Regulation of Toxins and Bioregulators Under the Chemical Weapons Convention and the Biological and Toxins Weapons Convention”

Michael Crowley and Malcolm Dando recently published this article in the Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity: “In this paper we highlight how the apparent double coverage of toxins and bioregulators by both the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC) and the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) in fact masks a regulatory gap that has left such potentially dangerous agents neglected by both the control regimes during a period of rapid advances in relevant chemical, life and associated sciences and technologies. We first review what toxins, bioregulators and other mid-spectrum agents are and why they are of such concern and then examine how they are regulated under the BTWC and CWC. This paper then examines an illustrative range of contemporary chemical and life science research and associated activities of concern drawn from case study research on China, India, Iran, Russia, Syria and the United States, and assesses how the CWC and BTWC States Parties have inadequately addressed these threats. We then examine how both the CWC and BTWC Review Conferences failed to address these long-term challenges, and we end by providing a series of recommendations for how both regimes can be strengthened in this area.”

“Chloropicrin and Its Alleged Use in the Ukrainian War (Part 2)”

JP Zanders continues his discussion of Russia’s alleged use of chloropicrin against Ukrainian forces in this post on The Trench: “The first of three parts in this blog series reviewed the allegations of Russian chemical weapon (CW) use in the Ukrainian war from its start in 2014 until today. The Ukrainian delegate reported 1,060 incidents since the Russian invasion in February 2022 at the meeting of the Executive Council of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) in March 2024…This second instalment looks into the specific allegation of chloropicrin use. Despite the US assertion, only three such claims from Ukrainian sources are public, but concrete evidence of when, where and how the chloropicrin was used is lacking. Notwithstanding, the allegation cannot be entirely dismissed. In April 1989, Soviet troops violently broke up demonstrations in the Georgian capital Tbilisi. The three RCAs they used? CS, CN and chloropicrin.”

“Scientists Weigh in on the Challenges and Opportunities of High-Risk Pathogens Research Around the World”

The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists recently published this commentary package that focuses on gain of function research and countries’ recent changes and debates regarding policies governing such research. This series includes three commentaries: “The Risks of Underdeveloped Biorisk Management Policies in Pandemic Hotspots,” by Shahid Jameel, “TB Studies Illustrate the Importance of Properly Assessing the Risks of Pathogen Research,” by Anurag Agrawal, and “To Protect Global Health Security, Africa Needs More Pathogen Research Labs,” by Tom Kariuki and Denis Chopera.

“Canadian Laboratory Incidents with Human Pathogens and Toxins: An Overview of Reports, 2016-2022”

Balbontion et al. recently published this article in the Canada Communicable Disease Report: “Background: When the Public Health Agency of Canada’s Human Pathogens and Toxins Act and Human Pathogens and Toxins Regulations came into force, the reporting of laboratory incidents to the Laboratory Incident Notification Canada (LINC) surveillance system became mandatory. This report summarizes the laboratory exposure and non-exposure data reported from 2016 to 2022, with a particular focus on factors that are not typically presented in LINC’s annual report.”

“Methods: Reported laboratory incidents from 2016 to 2022 were analyzed. Exposures were analyzed by severity, occurrence and root cause, and affected individuals were analyzed by disease outcome, role and applied interventions. Non-exposures were analyzed by incident type. Exposure and non-exposure incident rates were calculated.”

“Results: Events reported to LINC totalled 928. Of those, 355 were confirmed non-exposures, 361 were confirmed exposures, and 111 were other events. Both exposure and non-exposure incident rates per 100 active licences peaked in 2018 (9.44 and 7.11, respectively). Most exposures were rated as minor or negligible severity. The most cited exposure occurrence types were sharps-related and procedure-related (23% each), and standard operating procedure-related root causes were most cited (24%). While 781 individuals were affected in the exposure incidents, most did not develop a laboratory-acquired infection (n=753; 96%) and received at least one form of treatment post-exposure (n=717; 92%). Inadvertent possession/production cases were the most common non-exposure incidents reported.”

“Conclusion: Exposure and non-exposure incident rates have decreased since 2018. Among exposure incidents, sharps-related and procedure-related occurrences were the most common, and the root cause was usually a standard operating procedure. Non-exposure incidents were mostly inadvertent possession/production cases. Exposure and illness outcome severity was mostly minor.”

“Cities Are the Canaries in the Public Health Coal Mines”

Ashwin Vasan, the 44th Health Commissioner of New York City, recently authored this piece for Foreign Policy, in which he explains “That’s because the sentinel cases for brooding public health threats, whether infectious or not, are often in cities. Cities are the canaries in the public health coal mine, for everything from mental health and homelessness, climate change to forced migration, substance use to sex trafficking. The way these challenges play out across our cities should not only drive national policy, but also serve as an important corollary for how to respond in less dense, less diverse, more rural areas. Yet when we consider the multilateral institutions where decisions are made and policymaking happens, cities rarely have any role in governance.”

“High H5N1 Influenza Levels Found in Mice Given Raw Milk from Infected Dairy Cows”

From NIH: “Mice administered raw milk samples from dairy cows infected with H5N1 influenza experienced high virus levels in their respiratory organs and lower virus levels in other vital organs, according to findings published in the New England Journal of Medicine. The results suggest that consumption of raw milk by animals poses a risk for H5N1 infection and raises questions about its potential risk in humans.”

Read more in this NIH media advisory.

“How Foes Can Defeat a Common Enemy: U.S.-China Collaboration to Combat Ebola”

Gayle Smith tackles questions of how the US and China can overcome their differences to address a common global health threat in this CSIS Brief: “As intense geostrategic rivalry becomes an enduring feature of the U.S.-China relationship, CSIS and the Brookings Institution have launched a joint project, Advancing Collaboration in an Era of Strategic Competition, to explore and expand the space for U.S.-China collaboration on matters of shared concern. In this essay, Gayle Smith, CEO of the ONE Campaign and former administrator of the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), discusses the threatening appearance of the Ebola virus in the mid-2010s and how the United States and China came together to address the crisis. Drawing on her first-hand experience, she identifies key lessons that should inform future collaborative efforts, including separating the key problem area and bilateral relations into two separate tracks, keeping focus on the right adversary, rooting discourse and communication in facts, and leaving the talking points on the table.”

NEW: Long-Term Health Effects of COVID-19: Disability and Function Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection

From NASEM: “Since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in early 2020, many individuals infected with the virus that causes COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have continued to experience lingering symptoms for months or even years following infection. Some symptoms can affect a person’s ability to work or attend school for an extended period of time.”

“An ad hoc committee of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine drafted a detailed report on the current status of diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of long-term health effects related to Long COVID. In a public release webinar, members of the committee will provide an overview of key conclusions and answer audience questions.”

This webinar will take place on June 5 at 11 am ET. Learn more and register here.

NEW: The Advancing Threat Agnostic Biodefense Webinar Series-Computational and Systems Biology Advances to Enable Bioagent Agnostic Signatures

From PNNL: “Join us as we welcome Andy Lin, Computational Biologist at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. His talk, titled “Computational and Systems Biology Advances to Enable Bioagent Agnostic Signatures” will be Tuesday, June 18, at noon PT.”

“Enumerated threat agent lists have long driven biodefense priorities. The global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic demonstrated the limitations of searching for known threat agents as compared to a more agnostic approach. Recent technological advances are enabling agent-agnostic biodefense, especially through the integration of multi-modal observations of host-pathogen interactions directed by a human immunological model.”

“Although well-developed technical assays exist for many aspects of human-pathogen interaction, the analytic methods and pipelines to combine and holistically interpret the results of such assays are immature and require further investments to exploit new technologies.”

“In this talk, we discuss potential immunologically based bioagent-agnostic approaches and the computational tool gaps the community should prioritize filling.”

Register here.

2024 ChABSA Annual Scientific Symposium

The Chesapeake Area Biological Safety Association (ChABSA) is hosting its 2024 Annual Scientific Symposium in-person in Rockville, MD, and virtually on June 5. This year’s keynote presentation will be delivered by Lisa Hensley, Zoonotic and Emerging Disease Research Unit USDA, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility. Learn more and register here.

American Democracy and Health Security Initiative: Lighting a Path Amid Pandemic Polarization

“Please join the Brown University School of Public Health Pandemic Center, the COVID Collaborative, and the CSIS Bipartisan Alliance for Global Health Security for the launch of the American Democracy and Health Security Initiative.”

“The story of how America fared under the Covid-19 pandemic is actually two stories. While the more well-known story is one of failure, confusion, and polarization, the other story is one of American ingenuity amidst profound uncertainty. State and local leaders were at the center of this untold story—in serving their communities they innovated, bridged divides, and illuminated America’s path during the Covid-19 pandemic’s darkest days. The American Democracy and Health Security Initiative spotlights these lamplighters and harvests their hard-won lessons, to ensure the most successful strategies can be sustained or replicated in future crises.”

“On June 5, the American Democracy and Health Security Initiative will publish its findings on what actionable steps are needed to advance our health security for the future. The event will feature leaders from across the country from Governors, advisors, and health leaders to community organizations, educators, businesses, and crisis managers. We will discuss urgent opportunities to make the country more resilient against future threats to our health security and to our democracy and identify national and local innovations that must be retained and playbooks that are needed to reinvigorate leadership, bipartisanship, and equitable access in the face of the next health emergency in America.”

This event will take place on June 5 at 2 pm ET. Register here.

Security and Emerging Technology Series: Assessing the AIxBio Policy Landscapes

From CSET: “We are pleased to invite you to the next session of our Security and Emerging Technology Seminar Series on June 6 at 12PM ET, which will feature a discussion of the policy challenges at the intersection of AI and biotechnology.”

“The Biden Administration’s Executive Order on AI included several provisions relevant to AI, biology, and the intersection of the two. For example, the EO calls for a study on the biosecurity risks presented by novel AI tools and directs the creation of a DNA synthesis screening mechanism.”

“Now that we’ve passed the 180 day milestone since the EO’s signing, where do things stand? Join us on June 6 for a discussion on what’s been accomplished, what we have learned, and what challenges remain. CSET Research Analyst Vikram Venkatram will moderate a discussion with CSET Research Fellow Dr. Steph Batalis, National Security Commission on Emerging Biotechnology Fellow Matthew E. Walsh, and Science Policy Consulting Principal Dr. Sarah Carter. Their discussion will be followed by audience Q&A.”

Learn more and register here.

Advancing Data Sharing to Strengthen One Health Effectiveness: A Webinar Series

From the National Academies: “Data sharing is critical for evidence-based decision making for health security and resilience. The One Health approach, which is founded on the interconnectedness of human, plant, animal, and environmental health, demonstrates the need for cross-disciplinary data sharing and interoperability. The National Academies Forum on Microbial Threats will host the first event in a quarterly webinar series that explores how a One Health approach can inform more robust data sharing.”

“The series will present a call to action, identify barriers and success stories, and highlight potential future actions to advance data sharing through a One Health lens. The five webinars will provide an overview of data sharing and One Health and will demonstrate how data sharing is critical for addressing climate change, building resilient data systems, and developing trust among diverse stakeholders in order to address pressing global health issues.”

This event will take place on June 11 at 12 pm ET. Learn more and RSVP here.

Registration for GHS 2024 Now Open

Registration is now open for the Global Health Security 2024 conference in Sydney, Australia. This iteration will take place 18-21 June, 2024. The call for abstracts is also still open. “The mission of the Global Health Security conference is to provide a forum where leaders, researchers, policy-makers, and representatives from government, international organisations, civil society, and private industry from around the world can engage with each other, review the latest research and policy innovations, and agree solutions for making the world safer and healthier. To that end, our mission is to help foster a genuinely multidisciplinary community of practice that is committed to working collaboratively to enhance global health security and eliminate disease, irrespective of its origin or source.”

SBA.3 International Synthetic Biology, and Biosecurity Conference in Africa

“Join us for the SBA.3 International Synthetic Biology and Biosecurity Conference in Africa, a groundbreaking event that brings together experts, researchers, and enthusiasts in the field of synthetic biology. This in-person conference will take place at the Laico Regency Hotel from Wed, Jul 17, 2024 to Friday, Jul 19, 2024.”

“Get ready to dive into the exciting world of synthetic biology and explore its potential applications in Africa. From cutting-edge research to innovative solutions, this conference offers a unique opportunity to learn, network, and collaborate with like-minded individuals.”

“Discover the latest advancements, trends, and challenges in synthetic biology through engaging keynote speeches, interactive workshops, and thought-provoking panel discussions. Immerse yourself in a vibrant atmosphere where ideas flow freely and new connections are made.”

“Whether you’re a seasoned professional or just starting your journey in synthetic biology, this conference provides a platform to expand your knowledge, exchange ideas, and contribute to the growth of the field in Africa.”

“Don’t miss out on this extraordinary event that promises to shape the future of synthetic biology and biosecurity in Africa. Mark your calendars and join us at the SBA.3 International Synthetic Biology and Biosecurity Conference in Africa!”

Learn more and register here.

“Safely Inhibiting Gene Editors”

From DARPA: “The rapidly evolving field of advanced genome editing tools has enabled the ability to modify genetic material in a manner that is precise, rapid, cost-effective, and broadly accessible. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) or CRISPR-Cas technologies represent one of the most widely adopted tools in the genome engineering toolkit, and its advancement has revolutionized the field of biotechnology and genetic engineering. However, concerns regarding the precision, specificity, and control of CRISPR-Cas systems remain.”

“One promising avenue to enhance safety, efficacy, and utility is the discovery or design of novel inhibitors which have the potential to obstruct and tune regulation of CRISPR-mediated and other genome editing tools by limiting unintended, off-target effects and enabling control of activity in time and space. The DARPA Broad-Spectrum Antagonists For Editors, or B-SAFE, program aims to develop platform technologies for highly potent inhibitors for multiple classes, types, and species of editors with enhanced activity, utility, and breadth of coverage. By harnessing advanced computational discovery capabilities such as deep learning, the program also seeks to develop a platform for rapid discovery and development of inhibitors of novel, emergent gene editor technologies.”

‘“Previous DARPA investments in the Safe Genes program demonstrated discovery of potent inhibitors for a wide array1 of CRISPR-Cas technologies, and developed platforms for discovery of inhibitors of these systems2,3,” said Dr. Shannon Greene, B-SAFE program manager. “The B-SAFE program seeks to leverage these and other efforts to develop tools for discovery, optimization, and validation of broad-spectrum inhibitors for gene editing technologies.”’

“If the 30-month B-SAFE program is successful, performers will demonstrate broad-spectrum, potent and durable solutions as outlined in the broad agency announcement. Speed – both from novel editor to candidate inhibitor discovery, and from novel editor to in vitro model – is also critical, as is inhibitor functionality for novel editors.”

“DARPA will assess novel inhibitor activity in vitro over the course of the program and a subset of top performing molecules will be selected for scale up at quantities sufficient for testing and evaluation by Department of Defense stakeholders. Performers will also engage with appropriate regulatory authorities to meet or exceed safety regulations. Teams may be required to meet with ethical, legal, and societal implications experts and ensure the research addresses any related concerns.”

‘“In concert, DARPA is interested in exploring methods to rapidly discover inhibitor molecules for novel gene editing technologies beyond CRISPR-Cas systems to keep pace with the rapidly advancing field while promoting safe use and minimizing off-target effects.” added Greene.”

“A special notice is now available on SAM.gov.”

Pandora Report 5.24.2024

Happy Friday! This week’s Pandora Report includes updates on H5N1 following the report of another human case in the United States, the Department of Health and Huaman Services’ announcement of actions against EcoHealth Alliance leader Peter Daszak, discussion of recently-introduced agricultural bills, and more.

H5N1 Updates

United States Reports Another Human Case

Earlier this week, the United States reported a third human case of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) in Michigan. This is the second human case associated with the current multistate outbreak of A(H5N1) in dairy cows. According to the CDC, “As with the case in Texas, the individual is a worker on a dairy farm where H5N1 virus has been identified in cows. While a nasal swab from the person tested negative for influenza in Michigan, an eye swab from the patient was shipped to CDC and tested positive for influenza A(H5) virus, indicating an eye infection. Similar to the Texas case, the patient only reported eye symptoms. CDC has been watching influenza surveillance systems closely, particularly in affected states, and there has been no sign of unusual influenza activity in people, including in syndromic surveillance.”

However, based on information currently available, CDC says that the risk to the general public remains low. People with exposure to potentially infected animals are urged to take recommended precautions. People with close or prolonged, unprotected exposures to infected birds and other animals-or to environments contaminated by them-are at a greater risk of infection. The CDC has issued interim recommendations for prevention, monitoring, and public health investigations of H5N1 cases in people as well as updated recommendations for worker protection and use of personal protective equipment.

Source: USDA

Putting the Vacca Back in Vaccination

Earlier this month, the USDA issued a request for information to US companies about their abilities to produce H5N1 vaccines for cows. However, Science explains that market uncertainties and concerns about safety rules and export standards could be major roadblocks to developing and using such vaccines widely. The same article also explains that “The outbreak of avian influenza in U.S. dairy herds raises an obvious question: Why not adopt the strategy many countries use to protect poultry and vaccinate the cows? An H5N1 vaccine might not only protect cattle from infection and the concomitant drop in milk production, but also reduce the risk of the virus sickening farm workers. And it could limit opportunities for the virus to mutate and further adapt to mammals, which in theory could trigger a pandemic.”

Early Warnings in Texas

Multiple articles published recently have discussed the early warning signs of H5N1’s spread in Texas, including this piece from KFF Health News, which explains “In early February, dairy farmers in the Texas Panhandle began to notice sick cattle. The buzz soon reached Darren Turley, executive director of the Texas Association of Dairymen: “They said there is something moving from herd to herd.”’

“Nearly 60 days passed before veterinarians identified the culprit: a highly pathogenic strain of the bird flu virus, H5N1. Had it been detected sooner, the outbreak might have been swiftly contained. Now it has spread to at least eight other states, and it will be hard to eliminate.”

A CNN article discusses the run-up to Texas’ announcement that H5N1 was spreading amongst dairy cattle in the state for the first time. It discusses how, in early March, scientists at the Texas Epidemic Public Health Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, and UTHealth Houston were aware of the spread of the virus because of wastewater surveillance.

As the KFF article explains, “Why did it take so long to recognize the virus on high-tech farms in the world’s richest country? Because even though H5N1 has circulated for nearly three decades, its arrival in dairy cattle was most unexpected. “People tend to think that an outbreak starts at Monday at 9 a.m. with a sign saying, ‘Outbreak has started,’” said Jeremy Farrar, chief scientist at the World Health Organization. “It’s rarely like that.”’

Biden Administration Suspends Peter Daszak’s Funding

This week, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) sent a letter to Peter Daszak announcing actions similar to those taken against his organization, the EcoHealth Alliance (EHA), less than a week prior. The administration has “…suspended from all federal funding programs the scientist at the heart of the lab leak theory of the origins of the coronavirus, and proposed blocking him from receiving federal funding in the future.”

The letter explains that HHS aims to hold Daszak accountable for EHA’s “failure to adequately monitor the activities of the Wuhan Institute of Virology and then subsequently failing to report on the lab’s high-risk virus studies.” It further stated, “The alleged conduct of EHA is imputed to you, because during all or part of the time relevant, you participated in, knew of, or had reason to know of EHA’s improper conduct, through your role as the President of EHA.”

Read more about this letter and the circumstances leading to it here.

National Security Commission on Emerging Biotechnology Announces Introduction of Agriculture Bills

The National Security Commission on Emerging Biotechnology (NSCEB) announced this week that its Congressional Commissioners-Senators Padilla and Young and Representatives Bice and Khanna-have introduced multiple agriculture bills that incorporate recommendations from NSCEB’s first report. NSCEB explains that “Recognizing that food security and agricultural supply chains are key elements of national security, the Commission developed its first three legislative proposals: the Agriculture and National Security Act, the Agricultural Biotechnology Coordination Act, and the Biotechnology Oversight Coordination Act. These bills direct the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and other agencies to consider emerging technology in multiple ways. Each bill makes structural improvements that strengthen the government’s abilities at the intersection of national security and emerging biotechnology.”

Furthermore, in addition to the bills (the Agriculture and National Security Act, Agricultural Biotechnology Coordination Act, and Biotechnology Oversight Coordination Act), “…the Senate package includes the Synthetic Biology Advancement Act (originally sponsored by Commissioner Senator Young and endorsed by the Commission). This would create a Synthetic Biology Center under USDA with a focus on the application of synthetic biology to food security and agriculture. Endorsing legislation is another mechanism that the NSCEB can use to promote good policy options.”

Learn more about these bills and their potential impact here.

CORRECTION: Last week in our announcement about graduating Biodefense MS students, we erroneously announced the winner of this year’s Frances Harbour Award as Olivia Parker. The winner of this year’s Frances Harbour Award is Sophia Hirshfield in recognition of her community leadership in the Biodefense Program. Congratulations to Sophia!

“Lessons Learned From the Kyrgyz Republic’s Public Health Response to COVID-19”

Biodefense MS Program alumnus Lewis Grant recently published this commentary piece in Health Security. He explains in part, “Throughout the pandemic, the Kyrgyz Republic also experienced border clashes over water resources with its neighbor, the Republic of Tajikistan. On April 28, 2021, tensions between Kyrgyz residents of Batken Province and Tajik residents of Sughd Province escalated into armed conflict, resulting in over 40,000 Kyrgyz people evacuated, 36 deaths, and 173 injuries.7 The COVID-19 pandemic was described as a major challenge to care provision in the final report from the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.7 The report states that social distancing was difficult for Red Crescent Society of Kyrgyzstan workers while assisting Kyrgyz citizens affected by the violence. The report also states that infection prevention measures were difficult to promote among the emotionally distressed population.”

“New Biotech Platforms Offer Better Paths to Biosecurity”

Ryan Morhard recently published this piece with Think Global Health, writing in part, “The emergence of improved cybersecurity across information technologies can point the way how to secure another technological domain undergoing revolutionary change—biotechnology. The tools of biotechnology continue to improve rapidly, and governments, including that of the United States, are rightfully prioritizing biotechnology in their economic and security strategies. Now is a good time to consider how lessons from securing digital tech can guide efforts to safeguard the potential of the bioeconomy.”

“Safeguarding the Pandemic Agreement from Disinformation”

Alexandra Finch, Kevin A. Klock, Lawrence O. Gostin, Sam F. Halabi, and Sarah Wetter recently published this piece in Think Global Health that discusses a “sustained disinformation campaign worldwide that is “undermining the highly anticipated pandemic agreement.” They write in part of their introduction, “Complicating matters has been a sustained disinformation campaign worldwide to undermine the agreement by making and amplifying spurious assertions about what it intends to accomplish and how it will do so. Central to the disinformation campaign are erroneous claims about national sovereignty and forcible takings of pandemic countermeasures. Further, legitimate and unfounded unease concern weakened intellectual property (IP) and speech rights…Having followed the negotiations and provided technical assistance to the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) leadership over the last three years, our team is here to set the record straight.”

“Loyce Pace: U.S. Priorities at the 77th World Health Assembly”

Brian Simpson interviews Loyce Pace, the Assistant Secretary for Global Affairs at the US Department of Health and Human Services and part of the US delegation to the upcoming World Health Assembly, about the United States’ priorities at this meeting. When asked about the United States’ big priorities, Pace explained “Broadly speaking, we want to make sure that we continue to have the important conversations around global health security, and not just around response or emergency mode. Preparedness or prevention is just as important.”

“Also, we need to get back to basics when it comes to global health access overall, and explicitly equity across global health services and other issues.”

“A third priority for the U.S. is to make sure we have a sound WHO. We talked about WHO reform for a number of years—and WHO resources. The [WHO] is going to be unveiling their draft program of work, which is their strategy for the next several years. And that, notably, is going to lift up some areas that are increasingly important for global health and for global health institutions to prioritize.”

Read more here.

“Fatal Attacks on Health-Care Workers Doubled in 2023”

Allison Krugman recently authored this piece for Think Global Health discussing the findings of a new report from the Safeguarding Health in Conflict Coalition that indicates 2023 was the deadliest year for attacks against healthcare workers since the coalition began its reporting a decade ago. She explains, “SHCC documented 480 health worker killings last year, almost double the figure from 2022. The report draws on conflicts across 30 countries, the greatest number of killings taking place in Myanmar, Palestinian territories (including Gaza), Sudan, and Ukraine…Doctors, nurses, ambulance drivers, and pharmacists were among those targeted or caught in crossfire. In Gaza, the number of health workers killed in 2023 was the highest of any conflict documented by the SHCC since its reporting began in 2016.”

“Dstl Helps Develop National Microbial Forensics Capability”

From the UK’s Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, this post discusses a recent workshop focused on the United Kingdom Microbial Forensics Consortium (UKMFC). The post explains in part, “The attendees of the workshop considered the strategic aims of the UKMFC and examined what existing computational tools and approaches could help meet this requirement. They also considered what analytical tools the UKMFC would need in the future to address new and emerging areas of concern…This is the first time bioinformaticians from government genomics laboratories have come together to consider the microbial forensics question. The connections have already led to new cross government collaborations in human, animal and plant pathogen genomics.”

“Body Lice May Be Bigger Plague Spreaders Than Previously Thought”

This Science Daily piece summarizes a recent PLOS study on body lice and Y. pestis transmission: “A new laboratory study suggests that human body lice are more efficient at transmitting Yersinia pestis, the bacterium that causes plague, than previously thought, supporting the possibility that they may have contributed to past pandemics. David Bland and colleagues at the United States’ National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases present these findings in the open-access journal PLOS Biology on May 21.”

“Will Destruction Of Smallpox Virus Get Postponed Again?”

Mark Kortepeter discusses the elimination of variola virus in this piece for Forbes, writing in part, “Is it finally time to eliminate the remaining stocks of variola (smallpox) virus for good? The World Health Assembly will discuss the current status on May 27. The World Health Assembly in 1996 set a date for virus destruction, but in subsequent resolutions the destruction of the virus has been postponed repeatedly to provide opportunities for research on the deadly virus to develop new countermeasures. There has been a decades-long debate on whether to eliminate the virus.”

“Meeting China’s Nuclear and WMD Buildup: Regional Threat Perceptions and Responses”

“This NBR Special Report presents case studies of how six regional countries (Australia, India, Japan, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam) view China’s development of its nuclear weapons and other WMD capabilities. The case studies are preceded by an introduction from editor Bates Gill that discusses key findings and policy implications.”

Nuclear Facilities in Times of Crisis

From the Nuclear Threat Initiative: “As increasingly frequent and intense global crises pose new threats to civilian nuclear facilities, NTI has released a new paper, Nuclear Facilities in Times of Crisis, that evaluates existing strategies for reducing risks and recommends additional steps that governments, industry, and other stakeholders can take to build resiliency.”

“The NTI Paper examines two types of crises: armed conflict and natural disasters. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and seizure of the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant is a stark example of the type of armed conflict that nuclear facilities were not designed for, but now find themselves facing. At the same time, over 90% of the world’s nuclear energy plants are in locations that face high or extremely high risks of wildfire, drought, or flooding. The risks associated with these crises are particularly important to prepare for now, as a growing number of countries embark on nuclear energy programs in an effort to reduce their reliance on fossil fuels, bolster energy security, and improve grid reliability.”

“The paper’s recommendations fall into four categories:

  1. Plugging gaps and planning for the future by developing an international code of conduct for dealing with armed conflict near nuclear facilities.
  2. Preventing attacks on nuclear facilities by establishing and strengthening political and legal commitments for protecting facilities during armed conflict
  3. Building resiliency at nuclear facilities and improving response and contingency planning
  4. Containing crises that may erupt at a nuclear facility by keeping the most dangerous weapons-usable nuclear materials out of the fuel cycle”

“Burning Skin, Teary Eyes: Ukraine’s Troops Say Russia Is Using a Banned Toxic Gas”

Jane Lytvynenko recently authored this piece for the Wall Street Journal, writing in its introduction, “The Ukrainian soldiers were hunkered down last month in a front-line dugout and under siege from Russian drones dropping grenades. They were relieved at first when bomblets landed that didn’t explode. Then a strong smell of chlorine filled the air: The grenades were seeping poisonous gas.”

“The Ukrainians felt their skin sting, eyes water and lungs fill with smoke, provoking a hard cough. They rushed to wet rags with water and place them over their faces as the heavy gas filled the air around them. One of the fighters left the protection of the dugout to distract the enemy drones, allowing his compatriots to escape.”

“Oleksiy Bozhko, a volunteer medic whose team examined the men near the eastern city of Avdiivka, identified the gas as chloropicrin, a banned chemical irritant, based on the men’s symptoms and description of the smell. U.S. and Ukrainian officials, as well as medics, soldiers and international researchers say Russian use of toxic gases on the battlefield is increasing as Moscow ramps up an offensive designed to seize more of Ukraine’s territory than the roughly 20% it already occupies.”

Read more here.

“International Scientific Report on the Safety of Advanced AI”

From the UK Department for Science, Innovation and Technology and the AI Safety Institute: “The International Scientific Report on the Safety of Advanced AI interim report sets out an up-to-date, science-based understanding of the safety of advanced AI systems. The independent, international, and inclusive report is a landmark moment of international collaboration. It marks the first time the international community has come together to support efforts to build a shared scientific and evidence-based understanding of frontier AI risks.”

“The interim report restricts its focus to a summary of the evidence on general-purpose AI, which have advanced rapidly in recent years. The report synthesises the evidence base on the capabilities of, and risks from, general-purpose AI and evaluates technical methods for assessing and mitigating them.”

“The report underlines the need for continuing collaborative international efforts to research and share knowledge about these rapidly evolving technologies. The approach taken was deliberately inclusive of different views and perspectives, and areas of uncertainty, consensus or dissent are highlighted, promoting transparency.”

ICYMI-Death Dust: Why the World Should Still Worry about Radiological Weapons – A Geneva Security Debate

From the Middlebury Institute: “Should the world still worry about state-level radiological weapons—a category of nonconventional weapons often referred to as “dirty bombs” and usually associated with non-state actors? What factors account for the initial pursuit of radiological weapons in the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, Egypt, and Iraq, and what explains their eventual abandonment? Looking forward, what are the prospects for the proliferation and use of radiological weapons and what can be done to curb their spread?”

“Two distinguished arms control experts will discuss lessons from prior radiological weapons programs and past efforts at the Conference on Disarmament to prohibit this category of nonconventional weapons. They also will examine a new US-led initiative to revive negotiations on a legally binding prohibition of radiological weapons production and use.”

“This seminar focuses on the findings of the new book “Death Dust: The Rise, Decline and Future of Radiological Weapons Programs” co-authored by William Potter, Sarah Bidgood, Samuel Meyer, and Hanna Notte (Stanford University Press, 2023).”

Watch the recording here.

ICYMI-Today’s Threats, Tomorrow’s Health: A Discussion with CDC Leaders

From CSIS: “The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) overseas mission is an integral part of its mandate to respond to outbreaks at their source, protect the health of all Americans, and strengthen global health security. But this global programming has long remained underpowered, under resourced, and unrecognized for the critical contributions it secures for both national security and the stability of the broader world. This oversight threatens the sustainability of these vital programs, which are essential not only globally but also for maintaining health security within the United States.”

A full recording of this event is available here.

ICYMI-Strengthening US Defense Capabilities Against Deliberate Biological Threats: What Congress Needs to Know

From Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security: The panel discussion, moderated by Dr. Tom Inglesby, discussed how the US government views and prepares for deliberate biological threats. Panelists shared how each of their agencies contributes to US biodefense and how they work across government to advance this mission.”

Watch the event recording here.

NEW: Security and Emerging Technology Series: Assessing the AIxBio Policy Landscapes

From CSET: “We are pleased to invite you to the next session of our Security and Emerging Technology Seminar Series on June 6 at 12PM ET, which will feature a discussion of the policy challenges at the intersection of AI and biotechnology.”

“The Biden Administration’s Executive Order on AI included several provisions relevant to AI, biology, and the intersection of the two. For example, the EO calls for a study on the biosecurity risks presented by novel AI tools and directs the creation of a DNA synthesis screening mechanism.”

“Now that we’ve passed the 180 day milestone since the EO’s signing, where do things stand? Join us on June 6 for a discussion on what’s been accomplished, what we have learned, and what challenges remain. CSET Research Analyst Vikram Venkatram will moderate a discussion with CSET Research Fellow Dr. Steph Batalis, National Security Commission on Emerging Biotechnology Fellow Matthew E. Walsh, and Science Policy Consulting Principal Dr. Sarah Carter. Their discussion will be followed by audience Q&A.”

Learn more and register here.

NEW: Advancing Data Sharing to Strengthen One Health Effectiveness: A Webinar Series

From the National Academies: “Data sharing is critical for evidence-based decision making for health security and resilience. The One Health approach, which is founded on the interconnectedness of human, plant, animal, and environmental health, demonstrates the need for cross-disciplinary data sharing and interoperability. The National Academies Forum on Microbial Threats will host the first event in a quarterly webinar series that explores how a One Health approach can inform more robust data sharing.”

“The series will present a call to action, identify barriers and success stories, and highlight potential future actions to advance data sharing through a One Health lens. The five webinars will provide an overview of data sharing and One Health and will demonstrate how data sharing is critical for addressing climate change, building resilient data systems, and developing trust among diverse stakeholders in order to address pressing global health issues.”

This event will take place on June 11 at 12 pm ET. Learn more and RSVP here.

NEW: 2024 ChABSA Annual Scientific Symposium

The Chesapeake Area Biological Safety Association (ChABSA) is hosting its 2024 Annual Scientific Symposium in-person in Rockville, MD, and virtually on June 5. This year’s keynote presentation will be delivered by Lisa Hensley, Zoonotic and Emerging Disease Research Unit USDA, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility. Learn more and register here.

Ready or Not 2024: Protecting the Public’s Health from Diseases, Disasters, and Bioterrorism

From TFAH: “Please join Trust for America’s Health (TFAH) for a virtual Congressional briefing and national webinar on our recent report, Ready or Not 2024: Protecting the Public’s Health from Diseases, Disasters, and Bioterrorism.”

“The report identifies gaps in national and state preparedness to protect residents’ health during emergencies and makes recommendations to strengthen the nation’s public health system and improve emergency readiness. As the nation experiences an increasing number of infectious disease outbreaks and extreme weather events, the report found that while emergency preparedness has improved in some areas, policymakers not heeding the lessons of past emergencies, funding cuts, and health misinformation are all putting decades of progress at risk.”

“A panel of subject matter experts will discuss the nation’s readiness for public health emergencies, examine the findings of the report, and discuss key recommendations for policymakers. The briefing will include time for Q&A from the audience.”

This event will take place on May 29 and 2 pm EST. Learn more and register here.

Optimizing Federal, State, and Local Response to Public Health Emergencies

From NASEM: “The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s Committee on Science, Technology, and Law cordially invites you to attend a virtual workshop to examine how legal authorities affected the ability of public health agencies and federal, state, and local governments to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic and explore approaches to ensure a more effective response to future public health crises. The allocation of legal authority has become an issue of immediate relevance as the United States confronts an H5N1 avian influenza outbreak in dairy cattle.”

“The workshop, which will highlight ideas for optimizing the response to future public health emergencies, will be held on Thursday, May 30, 2024 from 12:00 to 5:30 pm U.S. Eastern and Friday, May 31, 2024 from 12:00 to 4:30 pm U.S. Eastern. It will include the following sessions:

1) Optimizing Federal, State, and Local Public Health Preparedness  
2) The COVID-19 Pandemic: What happened? What went right? What went wrong?  
3) Public Health Emergency Authorities: What we know about them and how did we experience them before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic? 

  • Case Study I: Pandemic Orders and Religious Liberty
  • Case Study II: New York City Vaccine Mandates: Who Has the Authority?
  • Case Study III: The Experience with Public Health Emergency Authorities Before, During, and After COVID-19
  • Case Study IV: The Future of Public Health Authority at the Federal, State, and Local Level

4) Exploring Routes and Barriers to Effective Public Health Response Efforts During the COVID-19 Pandemic
5) Looking to the Future: Where do we go from here? 
6) Concluding Thoughts from Workshop Planning Committee”

Learn more and register here.

American Democracy and Health Security Initiative: Lighting a Path Amid Pandemic Polarization

“Please join the Brown University School of Public Health Pandemic Center, the COVID Collaborative, and the CSIS Bipartisan Alliance for Global Health Security for the launch of the American Democracy and Health Security Initiative.”

“The story of how America fared under the Covid-19 pandemic is actually two stories. While the more well-known story is one of failure, confusion, and polarization, the other story is one of American ingenuity amidst profound uncertainty. State and local leaders were at the center of this untold story—in serving their communities they innovated, bridged divides, and illuminated America’s path during the Covid-19 pandemic’s darkest days. The American Democracy and Health Security Initiative spotlights these lamplighters and harvests their hard-won lessons, to ensure the most successful strategies can be sustained or replicated in future crises.”

“On June 5, the American Democracy and Health Security Initiative will publish its findings on what actionable steps are needed to advance our health security for the future. The event will feature leaders from across the country from Governors, advisors, and health leaders to community organizations, educators, businesses, and crisis managers. We will discuss urgent opportunities to make the country more resilient against future threats to our health security and to our democracy and identify national and local innovations that must be retained and playbooks that are needed to reinvigorate leadership, bipartisanship, and equitable access in the face of the next health emergency in America.”

This event will take place on June 5 at 2 pm ET. Register here.

Addressing the Challenges Posed by Chemical and Biological Weapons: Intensive Online Introductory Course for Students of Technical Disciplines

“SIPRI and the European Union Non-Proliferation and Disarmament Consortium (EUNPDC) invite graduate and postgraduate students of the technical or natural science disciplines to apply for an intensive online introductory course on chemical and biological weapons—their proliferation, the efforts to eliminate them, the various mechanisms used to control their spread—and endeavours underway to reduce the risk of chemical or biological agents in terrorist attacks. The course will take place online, during four half-days on 2831 May 2024, 14:00 to 18:00 Central European Summer Time (CEST).”

“The course will cover the fundamentals of chemical and biological weapons as well as of missiles and other means of delivery; the history of chemical and biological warfare; the evolution of international norms against these weapons; the threats associated with potential terrorist uses of chemical and biological material; bioweapons and other related scientific advances; the current challenges posed by chemical weapons; arms control treaties; and mechanisms to curb the spread of dangerous substances, including export controls.”

“The course will also discuss the role of the EU institutions and industry to address the challenges mentioned above. The course will be instructed by renowned experts on non-proliferation, arms control, disarmament, export controls, verification and related subjects from SIPRI, other European research centres, think tanks and international organizations.”

Learn more and apply here.

Registration for GHS 2024 Now Open

Registration is now open for the Global Health Security 2024 conference in Sydney, Australia. This iteration will take place 18-21 June, 2024. The call for abstracts is also still open. “The mission of the Global Health Security conference is to provide a forum where leaders, researchers, policy-makers, and representatives from government, international organisations, civil society, and private industry from around the world can engage with each other, review the latest research and policy innovations, and agree solutions for making the world safer and healthier. To that end, our mission is to help foster a genuinely multidisciplinary community of practice that is committed to working collaboratively to enhance global health security and eliminate disease, irrespective of its origin or source.”

SBA.3 International Synthetic Biology, and Biosecurity Conference in Africa

“Join us for the SBA.3 International Synthetic Biology and Biosecurity Conference in Africa, a groundbreaking event that brings together experts, researchers, and enthusiasts in the field of synthetic biology. This in-person conference will take place at the Laico Regency Hotel from Wed, Jul 17, 2024 to Friday, Jul 19, 2024.”

“Get ready to dive into the exciting world of synthetic biology and explore its potential applications in Africa. From cutting-edge research to innovative solutions, this conference offers a unique opportunity to learn, network, and collaborate with like-minded individuals.”

“Discover the latest advancements, trends, and challenges in synthetic biology through engaging keynote speeches, interactive workshops, and thought-provoking panel discussions. Immerse yourself in a vibrant atmosphere where ideas flow freely and new connections are made.”

“Whether you’re a seasoned professional or just starting your journey in synthetic biology, this conference provides a platform to expand your knowledge, exchange ideas, and contribute to the growth of the field in Africa.”

“Don’t miss out on this extraordinary event that promises to shape the future of synthetic biology and biosecurity in Africa. Mark your calendars and join us at the SBA.3 International Synthetic Biology and Biosecurity Conference in Africa!”

Learn more and register here.

IFBA Launches “BIORISK ADVENTURE” Online Risk Assessment Game

From the International Federation of Biosafety Association: “The IFBA is pleased to announce the launch of BIORISK ADVENTURE, an online game-based learning tool, illustrating the concepts of the risk-based approach for managing biological risks as outlined in the WHO 4th Edition Laboratory Biosafety Manual and its supporting monographs. Through real-life scenarios set in several geographical locations and incorporating the core requirements and options for heightened control measures, players use their judgment in selecting available risk mitigation measures depending on the nature of the pathogen and laboratory activities, local geographic conditions, and available resources.”

“Biological risk assessment forms the foundation of sustainable and impactful biosafety and biosecurity solutions. By playing this game, you will learn how to apply knowledge and make sound judgments in the selection of appropriate risk-control measures that are achievable using the local resources available, that are not overly restrictive, and that enable the work to proceed safely and securely.”

“Click here to create and account and start playing, earn achievement badges and see your name at the top of the leaderboard! http://ifbabioriskadventure.org/

“On July 1st, after the first month of play, the highest-ranking individual on the leaderboard will be awarded a voucher towards a free online IFBA professional certification exam.”

AdvancingBiosecurity Tianjin Biosecurity Roleplay Challenge

AdvancingBiosecurity now offers this roleplaying challenge which allows users to “…take on the role of different stakeholders in the biosecurity realm, that face different dilemmas in their everyday lives.” It is designed to help better understand the Tianjin Biosecurity Guidelines for Codes of Conduct for Scientists. The page also includes several brief videos explaining different facets of the guidelines. Learn more and play here.