Author: dkellogg97

Pandora Report 4.5.2024

by dkellogg97, posted in Pandora Report

This week’s edition of the Pandora Report covers the United States’ second case of H5N1 in a human, HHS’ efforts to improve its cybersecurity resources and guidance for the healthcare sector, He Jiankui’s latest work, and more.

Texas Reports First Human Case of Avian Influenza

The Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) reported this week a human case of avian influenza a (H5N1), the second human case in the United States. The patient’s only symptom was eye inflammation, and they were tested late last week for influenza. CDC confirmatory testing was conducted over the weekend and the patient is now being treated with oseltamivir. Texas DSHS emphasized in its statement that the risk to the general public remains low, and cattle infections do not present a concern for the commercial milk supply. DSHS has issued a health alert that requests healthcare providers around affected facilities remain vigilant for possible human H5N1 cases.

The Texas Animal Health Commission announced the first cases of H5N1 in Texas Panhandle dairy cattle last month. The DSHS announcement explains that “DSHS is working with TAHC, CDC and other state and federal health agencies to investigate the human and animal cases and understand how the virus is spreading in order to protect livestock and people who work with it…DSHS is providing guidance to affected dairies about how to minimize workers’ exposure and how people who work with affected cattle can monitor for flu-like symptoms and get tested. Illnesses in people with H5N1 flu infections have ranged from mild, such as eye infection and upper respiratory symptoms, to severe, such as pneumonia and death.”

While there was a lull in spread between birds from 2016 to 2022, the recent spread from animal to animal and animal to human is concerning because there is an increased chance the virus will mutate to spread efficiently among humans. Since 2022, the US has been in its longest and largest outbreak that has spread from wild birds to domestic ones and mammals. While this is unsettling, there have yet to be key indicators that the general public is at risk.

USDA: Detections of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Mammals

HHS Aims to Create “One-Stop Shop” for Cyber

In the aftermath of the ransomware attack on Change Healthcare, part of UnitedHealth, the US Department of Health and Human Services announced that it is working to improve its healthcare cybersecurity resources and programs. In a March 29 webinar, Biodefense PhD Program alumnus Brian Mazanec, the current Deputy Director of HHS’ Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response (ASPR), discussed these efforts, saying “We’re really establishing ASPR as that one-stop shop to manage this information sharing across the department, with our partners in industry, with the interagency.”

Read more about HHS’ role in healthcare cybersecurity risk management and ASPR’s efforts to improve in this area in this Federal News Network piece.

He Jiankui Out of Jail and Back in Lab

He Jiankui, a Chinese biophysicist known for creating the first gene-edited embryos in 2018, was released from prison in 2022, having served three years for his unauthorized work. He began trying to make a comeback last year, this time focused primarily on researching Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a currently uncurable genetic disease. Alongside his conviction, the Chinese government placed restrictions on He’s future work, banning him from doing anything “related to assisted human reproductive technology” while also limiting his work related to human genes.

He recently was interviewed by The Mainichi, during which he discussed his current work. As the paper explains, “After his release, he reportedly established three laboratories in China, including in Beijing and Wuhan, and resumed his research. “We will use discarded human embryos and comply with both domestic and international rules,” he explained, denying any current intent to produce more genome-edited babies.”

He continues to defend his infamous human embryo experiments, saying of the children that came from his 2018 work, “The results of analyzing their (the children’s) entire gene sequences show that there were no modifications to the genes other than for the medical objective, providing evidence that genome editing was safe. I’m proud to have helped families who wanted healthy children.”

He told the paper that he believes society will “eventually accept” human embryo gene editing “in the quest to find treatments for genetic diseases.”

Read about He’s initial controversy and the Chinese government’s handling of it in this article from Sonia Ben Ouagrham-Gormley and Kathleen M. Vogel.

“Exploring List-Based Approaches and Potential Threat Agnostic Applications in US Biodefense and Public Health – Toward a Hybrid Approach”

Yong-Bee Lim and Saskia Popescu, both alumni of the Biodefense PhD Program, recently published this article in Health Security. In it, they discuss the shortcomings of list-based approaches to prioritizing biological threats and challenges to leveraging threat agnostic approaches to these threats. They discuss these hurdles and how they might be overcome, writing in their conclusion “Threat agnostic strategies have the potential to address key vulnerabilities in current efforts and increasingly complex biological threats, but it is critical they are seen as complementary to pathogen-specific programs rather than replacements in order to successfully integrate, implement, and unlock threat agnostic activities to the best extent possible.”

“Emerging Technology and Risk Analysis: Artificial Intelligence and Critical Infrastructure”

Biodefense PhD alumnus and Schar School adjunct Daniel M. Gerstein recently co-authored this RAND Corporation research report with Erin N. Leidy: “This report is one in a series of analyses on the effects of emerging technologies on U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) missions and capabilities. As part of this research, the authors were charged with developing a technology and risk assessment methodology for evaluating emerging technologies and understanding their implications within a homeland security context. The methodology and analyses provide a basis for DHS to better understand the emerging technologies and the risks they present.”

“This report focuses on artificial intelligence (AI), especially as it relates to critical infrastructure. The authors draw on the literature about smart cities and consider four attributes in assessing the technology: technology availability and risks and scenarios (which the authors divided into threat, vulnerability, and consequence). The risks and scenarios considered in this analysis pertain to AI use affecting critical infrastructure. The use cases could be either for monitoring and controlling critical infrastructure or for adversaries employing AI for use in illicit activities and nefarious acts directed at critical infrastructure. The risks and scenarios were provided by the DHS Science and Technology Directorate and the DHS Office of Policy. The authors compared these four attributes across three periods: short term (up to three years), medium term (three to five years), and long term (five to ten years) to assess the availability of and risks associated with AI-enabled critical infrastructure.”

“Inside Pentagon’s Shaky Efforts to Combat Russian Disinformation”

Bloomberg’s Jason Leopold discusses DTRA’s struggles to combat Russian disinformation targeting its work in Ukraine in recent years in this FOIA Files piece. He writes in part, “That’s what I found in the trove of acronym-heavy documents that I obtained from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, also referred to as DTRA, the division that was singled out by Russia and accused of operating biowarfare labs in Ukraine. I filed a FOIA request with DTRA and asked for emails, memos, letters, reports, talking points – pretty much everything – to find out what happens when a government agency becomes the target of a disinformation campaign by a foreign adversary.”

“Report on New Security Challenges”
This new report from the State Department’s International Security Advisory Board identifies several new security challenges, including the emergence and spread of human, animal, and plant diseases. The report explains in part “Climate disruptions are likely to affect the frequency and severity of biological events, as changing rainfall patterns and temperatures shift the ranges of insects capable of transmitting diseases such as malaria and dengue fever, and lead to the growth and persistence of water and foodborne pathogens with the potential to cause outbreaks. In parallel, resource scarcity helps drive changing land use patterns and habitat alterations, creating new opportunities for the “spillover” of zoonotic diseases from wild animal populations to humans and their domesticated and companion animals. Once an infection occurs, the dynamic and complex flow of travel and trade can allow biological threats to spread rapidly within densely populated urban areas and across international borders, especially where weak governance and inadequate infrastructure complicate public health surveillance and response. Fear and uncertainty during infectious disease outbreaks can be exploited through the spread of disinformation and misinformation to undermine public trust in governments, institutions, and technical authorities.”

“Annotation of Functions of Sequences of Concern and Its Relevance to the New Biosecurity Regulatory Framework in the United States”

Gene D. Godbold and Matthew B. Scholz recently published this article in Applied Biosafety: “Introduction: Recent regulations from United States Government agencies reshape the screening of synthetic nucleic acids. These take a step away from categorizing hazard on the basis of “bad” taxa and invoke the function of the sequence in pathogenesis or intoxication. Ascertaining functions related to pathogenesis and distinguishing these from other molecular abilities that are unproblematic is not simple. Some have suggested that this information can be readily obtained from existing databases of pathogens.”

“Objectives: We evaluate how virulence factors are described in current databases of pathogens and their adequacy for biothreat data science. We discuss limitations of how virulence factors have been conceived and propose using the sequence of concern (SoC) term to distinguish sequences with biothreat from those without. We discuss ways in which databases of SoCs might be implemented for research and regulatory purposes. We describe ongoing work improving functional descriptions of SoCs.”

“Methods: We assess the adequacy of descriptions of virulence factors in pathogen databases following extensive engagement with the literature in microbial pathogenesis.”

“Results/Conclusions: Descriptions of virulence factors in pathogen databases are inadequate for understanding biothreats. Many are not biothreats and would not be concerning if transferred to another pathogen. New gene ontology terms have been authored, and those specific to pathogenic viral processes are being generalized to make them relevant to other pathogenic taxa. This allows better understanding by humans and better recognition by machines. A database of annotated functions of SoCs could benefit the evolving biosecurity regulatory framework in the United States.”

“Mapping America’s Biosurveillance”

Arielle D’Souza and Janika Schmitt recently created this tool for IFP that offers a comprehensive map to monitor which US federal government entities monitor biological threats. They explain in their discussion of the map that “Although the U.S. had invested ~$700M in pathogen early warning in 2019 across different federal bodies, the COVID-19 pandemic caught us off guard. It wasn’t until well into the pandemic that reliable data on infection levels across the country became available.”

“Today, biosurveillance and early warning in the federal government remain fragmented across jurisdictions. We’ve created a comprehensive visual map of the entities that monitor biological threats across the U.S. federal government. The map is a tool to understand the fragmented landscape of federal biosurveillance and early warning efforts.”

“As the map makes clear, surveillance is distributed across a wide range of federal bodies, including key players like the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the Department of Defense (DoD), and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), but also lesser-known efforts within the Department of Energy, the Postal Service, and Fish and Wildlife. Efforts are often siloed, leading to gaps, duplication, and uncoordinated response strategies. New stakeholders like the Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health (ARPA-H) are expected to become part of this ecosystem, further increasing the need for coordination.”

“Biotech Matters: Great Data Competition and Interoperability with Allies and Partners”

Michelle Holko recently published this piece with CNAS, writing in her introduction “In the U.S.-China competition over biotechnology, America’s most powerful asset with untapped potential is data. Data are the foundation of discovery; data of adequate size, type, and diversity are necessary to realize the potential of artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML), and to support the growing bioeconomy.1 In a world where natural resources are dwindling and current agricultural practices are at risk, using biotechnology to do things such as develop crops that can survive in a changing environment, and to make things that cannot otherwise be manufactured, will soon be essential for survival.2 Understanding and strengthening America’s biotechnology leadership requires exploring the limits of existing data relevant to the U.S. bioeconomy so that policymakers and the biotechnology community can promote data policies and practices that drive sustainability and interoperability, while preserving U.S. values, privacy, and security interests.”

“Chemical and Biological Terrorism and the Norms of the CBW Prohibition Regimes”

CBWNet recently published this working paper edited by Alexander Kelle that covers a workshop. Kelle explains in its introduction that “This workshop forms an important element in the implementation of the CBWNet work package on terrorism with chemical and biological weapons (CBW). In a nutshell, this work package seeks to analyze the emergence of CBW terrorism, assess its impact on the CBW prohibition regimes, and evaluate the measures taken to strengthen regime implementation.”

“Regulation of Toxins and Bioregulators Under the Chemical Weapons Convention and the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention”

Michael Crowley and Malcolm Dando recently published this article in the Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity: “In this paper we highlight how the apparent double coverage of toxins and bioregulators by both the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC) and the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) in fact masks a regulatory gap that has left such potentially dangerous agents neglected by both the control regimes during a period of rapid advances in relevant chemical, life and associated sciences and technologies. We first review what toxins, bioregulators and other mid-spectrum agents are and why they are of such concern and then examine how they are regulated under the BTWC and CWC. This paper then examines an illustrative range of contemporary chemical and life science research and associated activities of concern drawn from case study research on China, India, Iran, Russia and the United States, and assesses how the CWC and BTWC States Parties have inadequately addressed these threats. We then examine how both the CWC and BTWC Review Conferences failed to address these long-term challenges, and we end by providing a series of recommendations for how both regimes can be strengthened in this area.”

“Robust Scientific Advisory Mechanisms Future-Proof Disarmament Treaties”

Sarah Clapham and Peter J. Hotchkiss recently published this commentary piece with Nature. They argue that “The Chemical Weapons Convention has a unique Scientific Advisory Board that ensures it keeps pace with science, and its implementing body is prepared for future challenges. It is a model that could be usefully applied to other disarmament treaties.”

“Could AI Make the Next Pandemic Deadlier?”

Tom Ough interviews NTI’s Jaime Yassif in this piece for Prospect, writing in part “A report from NTI Bio, an American non-profit that develops policy-based solutions to pandemic risks, lays out how AI will, over the coming years, threaten global biosecurity. It will be central to great advances in biotechnology, but its large language models (LLMs) could democratise knowledge of how to assemble dangerous bacteria and viruses. Worse, it could plausibly be used to design and manufacture entirely new pathogens…These are troubling prospects, and I do not envy Dr Jaime Yassif her remit. Yassif, who co-authored the report I mentioned, oversees NTI Bio’s work on global health security. If there are such things as rock stars of pandemic prevention, she is one of them, appearing last year at a US House of Representatives hearing on America’s vulnerability to future pandemics. (Asked by Representative Debbie Dingell whether the US is indeed prepared, Yassif was blunt: “No.”)”

“The Evolutionary Drivers and Correlates of Viral Host Jumps”

Cedric C. S. Tan, Lucy van Dorp, and Francois Balloux recently published this article in Nature Ecology and Evolution: “Most emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases stem from viruses that naturally circulate in non-human vertebrates. When these viruses cross over into humans, they can cause disease outbreaks, epidemics and pandemics. While zoonotic host jumps have been extensively studied from an ecological perspective, little attention has gone into characterizing the evolutionary drivers and correlates underlying these events. To address this gap, we harnessed the entirety of publicly available viral genomic data, employing a comprehensive suite of network and phylogenetic analyses to investigate the evolutionary mechanisms underpinning recent viral host jumps. Surprisingly, we find that humans are as much a source as a sink for viral spillover events, insofar as we infer more viral host jumps from humans to other animals than from animals to humans. Moreover, we demonstrate heightened evolution in viral lineages that involve putative host jumps. We further observe that the extent of adaptation associated with a host jump is lower for viruses with broader host ranges. Finally, we show that the genomic targets of natural selection associated with host jumps vary across different viral families, with either structural or auxiliary genes being the prime targets of selection. Collectively, our results illuminate some of the evolutionary drivers underlying viral host jumps that may contribute to mitigating viral threats across species boundaries.”

“Eyes on Disease X: Ranking the Next Pandemic”

Jane Fieldhouse, David Wolking, Nistara Randhawa, Timothy Endy, and Angel Desai recently published this article with CFR’s Think Global Health. In it, they discuss UC Davis’ SpillOver tool and recent expansions made to it, writing in part “To direct resources toward the most high-consequence pathogens, it is paramount that leaders have an accurate concept of pandemic risk—for individual viruses as well as viral families. Several institutions are developing disease rankings at national and global levels, including the Priority Zoonotic Diseases Lists facilitated by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Research and Development (R&D) Blueprint created by the World Health Organization…Although important for informing global and national health priorities, disease-ranking initiatives are time intensive and costly processes, requiring ongoing updates as new data and pathogen discoveries emerge. To complement these efforts, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) has partnered with the University of California, Davis, to expand SpillOver, their viral risk ranking platform launched in 2021.”

“A Physician Travels to South Asia Seeking Enduring Lessons From the Eradication of Smallpox”

Céline Gounder recently published this KFF Health News commentary piece discussing her time in Bangladesh speaking with public health workers who aided in the fight to eradicate smallpox. She writes in part, “My field reporting began in summer 2022, when I traveled to India and Bangladesh — which had been the site of a grueling battle in the war on the disease. I tracked down aging smallpox workers, some now in their 80s and 90s, who had done the painstaking work of hunting down every last case of smallpox in the region and vaccinating everyone who had been exposed. Many of the smallpox campaign veterans had fallen out of touch with one another. Their friendships had been forged at a time when long-distance calls were expensive and telegrams were still used for urgent messages.”

“Another State Tries to Weaken School Vaccine Rules”

Matt Field discusses West Virginia lawmakers’ efforts to weaken the state’s school vaccine requirements in this piece for The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. He writes in part, “Every state in the country requires school children to be vaccinated against measles and other vaccine-preventable diseases. Those policies have been in place for decades, but during the COVID pandemic, a handful of states worked to weaken them—mainly by making it easier for individuals to claim exemptions. West Virginia lawmakers recently took the crusade against routine vaccinations a step further, passing a bill to allow private and parochial schools to set whatever rules they see fit.”

What We’re Listening To 🎧

The Security Circle-“EP 066 Dan Kaszeta: Chemical and Biological Defense Specialist, Ex-Pentagon, Ex-White House Staff, Ex-Secret Service….(and he made Chat GPT safer)”

“Dan Kaszeta is a specialist in defence against chemical, biological, and radiological weapons and warfare. Although he has lived in London since 2008, the first part of his career was in the United States. He earned a BA in Political Science and Russian language from Texas Christian University. After graduation, he was commissioned as an officer in the US Army in the small but highly skilled Chemical Corps. Dan was honour graduate of his lengthy training course at US Army Chemical School. After only brief active service, he was reassigned to the Army Reserve and spent over a decade in reserve and National Guard assignments while pursuing a civilian career.”

“He subsequently moved to Washington DC and was awarded an MA in International Affairs from George Washington University. The Tokyo Sarin attacks in 1995, combined with scarce chemical weapons expertise, meant that in early 1996 he took up the post of Disaster Preparedness Advisor at the White House Military Office, where he had responsibility for chemical and biological preparedness and training for the office of the President. After the 9/11 attacks and the anthrax terrorism, the responses to which he was heavily involved in, Dan transferred to the US Secret Service, where he joined the team protecting the President and the White House complex from chemical and biological threats.”

“In 2008, Dan relocated to London. From 2008 to 2011 he worked for Smiths Detection, managing their chemical warfare detection business in Central and Eastern Europe. Since 2011, he has been an independent security consultant and author.”

“He is the author of numerous articles and his recent publications include: ‘CBRN and Hazmat Incidents at Major Public Events: Planning and Response’ (Wiley, 1st ed 2012 2nd ed 2022), ‘Toxic: A History of Nerve Agents’ (Hurst, 2020) and ‘Forest Brotherhood: Baltic Resistance against the Nazis and Soviets’ (Hurst, 2023). Mr. Kaszeta has been selected as a Writer-in-Residence at Gladstone’s Library for 2024.”

Listen to this episode here.

NEW: Industry Summit 2024: Partners for a Resilient Future

From ASPR’s Office of Industrial Base Management and Supply Chain (IBMSC): “Join industry and government partners in exploring federal opportunities for industry engagement aligned with ASPR’s strategic vision and organizational priorities for industrial base management and the public health and health care supply chain.”

This in-person event will take place on April 22, in Washington, DC. Learn more and register here.

NEW: 3rd International Biosecurity Virtual Symposium

From ABSA: “The Symposium will bring together biosecurity professionals from a wide range of disciplines with varying expertise to share their experiences and knowledge on diverse biosecurity topics. The Symposium will offer attendees an opportunity to learn the latest in biosecurity and have thought-provoking conversations about real-world biosecurity issues, concerns, and scenarios.”

This symposium will take place May 7-8. Learn more and register here.

EBRC & NIST Sequence Screening Virtual Workshop #1

From ERBC: “Synthetic DNA enables life sciences research that can be applied to pressing societal challenges across many sectors, but could also be used in the development of biological parts, systems, or organisms that cause great harm to human, public, or environmental health. Many companies that produce and sell synthetic DNA screen ordered sequences to prevent customers from inappropriately accessing Sequences of Concern (SOCs). This project aims to improve DNA synthesis screening by enabling the development of better tools and mechanisms for screening performance evaluation.”

“This will be the first workshop in the series. Additional virtual workshops will be held over the next six months, with an in-person meeting to be held in the fall. More details to come.”

This event will take place on April 9 at 1 pm EST. Learn more and register here.

The Advancing Threat Agnostic Biodefense Webinar Series

From PNNL: “Join us as we welcome Patrick Chain, scientist at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). His talk, titled “Toward Pathogen-Agnostic Detection: Advances and Challenges in Shotgun Sequencing-Based Biosurveillance” will be Tuesday, April 16, at noon PT.”

“Patrick Chain leads the Metagenomics Applications, Bioinformatics, and Analytics Teams in the Bioscience Division at LANL, while also co-managing the Division’s Genomics Program. His team pioneers innovative algorithms and methods in bioinformatics and metagenomics, applying them to various research areas such as organism detection, sample characterization, and fundamental research across different ‘biomes’. With a background including a B.Sc. and M.Sc. from McMaster University and a Ph.D. from Michigan State University, Chain brings a wealth of expertise to the field.”

“The Advancing Threat Agnostic Biodefense Webinar Series brings together like-minded science and policy members of the biodefense community to discuss relevant research activities as well as barriers and enablers of a threat agnostic approach. The webinar series is hosted by the Nuclear, Chemical, and Biological Technology Division.”

Register here.

Launch of the 2024 National Blueprint on Biodefense

From the Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense: “On the 10th anniversary of its inception, the Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense will release its 2024 National Blueprint on Biodefense: Immediate Action Needed to Defend Against Biological Threats.”

“Please join us for this momentous event at the Congressional Auditorium, Capitol Visitor Center, on April 17th at 4:30pm.”

“The Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense (formerly the Blue Ribbon Study Panel on Biodefense) was established in 2014 to provide a comprehensive assessment of the state of United States biodefense efforts and to issue recommendations that foster change.  Subsequently, the Commission has briefed White House Administrations (including then Vice President Biden); testified before Congress; convened numerous meetings with experts; released 12 reports; produced the graphic novel Germ Warfare; and mobilized biodefense conversations and actions in the private and public sectors.”

Learn more and register here.

Addressing the Challenges Posed by Chemical and Biological Weapons: Intensive Online Introductory Course for Students of Technical Disciplines

“SIPRI and the European Union Non-Proliferation and Disarmament Consortium (EUNPDC) invite graduate and postgraduate students of the technical or natural science disciplines to apply for an intensive online introductory course on chemical and biological weapons—their proliferation, the efforts to eliminate them, the various mechanisms used to control their spread—and endeavours underway to reduce the risk of chemical or biological agents in terrorist attacks. The course will take place online, during four half-days on 28–31 May 2024, 14:00 to 18:00 Central European Summer Time (CEST).”

“The course will cover the fundamentals of chemical and biological weapons as well as of missiles and other means of delivery; the history of chemical and biological warfare; the evolution of international norms against these weapons; the threats associated with potential terrorist uses of chemical and biological material; bioweapons and other related scientific advances; the current challenges posed by chemical weapons; arms control treaties; and mechanisms to curb the spread of dangerous substances, including export controls.”

“The course will also discuss the role of the EU institutions and industry to address the challenges mentioned above. The course will be instructed by renowned experts on non-proliferation, arms control, disarmament, export controls, verification and related subjects from SIPRI, other European research centres, think tanks and international organizations.”

Learn more and apply here.

Registration for GHS 2024 Now Open

Registration is now open for the Global Health Security 2024 conference in Sydney, Australia. This iteration will take place 18-21 June, 2024. The call for abstracts is also still open. “The mission of the Global Health Security conference is to provide a forum where leaders, researchers, policy-makers, and representatives from government, international organisations, civil society, and private industry from around the world can engage with each other, review the latest research and policy innovations, and agree solutions for making the world safer and healthier. To that end, our mission is to help foster a genuinely multidisciplinary community of practice that is committed to working collaboratively to enhance global health security and eliminate disease, irrespective of its origin or source.”

SBA.3 International Synthetic Biology, and Biosecurity Conference in Africa

“Join us for the SBA.3 International Synthetic Biology and Biosecurity Conference in Africa, a groundbreaking event that brings together experts, researchers, and enthusiasts in the field of synthetic biology. This in-person conference will take place at the Laico Regency Hotel from Wed, Jul 17, 2024 to Friday, Jul 19, 2024.”

“Get ready to dive into the exciting world of synthetic biology and explore its potential applications in Africa. From cutting-edge research to innovative solutions, this conference offers a unique opportunity to learn, network, and collaborate with like-minded individuals.”

“Discover the latest advancements, trends, and challenges in synthetic biology through engaging keynote speeches, interactive workshops, and thought-provoking panel discussions. Immerse yourself in a vibrant atmosphere where ideas flow freely and new connections are made.”

“Whether you’re a seasoned professional or just starting your journey in synthetic biology, this conference provides a platform to expand your knowledge, exchange ideas, and contribute to the growth of the field in Africa.”

“Don’t miss out on this extraordinary event that promises to shape the future of synthetic biology and biosecurity in Africa. Mark your calendars and join us at the SBA.3 International Synthetic Biology and Biosecurity Conference in Africa!”

Learn more and register here.

Job Announcement: George Mason University, Research Faculty, Infectious Diseases

“The Institute for Biohealth Innovation harnesses the collective talent of more than 300 GMU faculty and staff and thousands of students across 34 academic departments. The IBI connects Mason researchers with potential collaborators, both within the university and externally, to take on some of biohealth’s biggest challenges.”

“The Biomedical Research Lab (BRL), is a core facility overseen by the Institute. The 52,000 square-foot regional biocontainment laboratory (RBL) was established in 2010 as one of 12 NIAID-funded RBLs to support infectious disease research and foster collaborations with other national and global laboratories. It operates as a central core facility to advance research and develop novel diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines against viral and bacterial infectious agents by a diverse population of internal and external investigators. The facility is capable of housing multiple species and has a variety of established animal models, with an emphasis on aerosolized exposures. The BRL is fully approved and licensed for work by the CDC and USDA and is accredited by AAALAC.”

“The research faculty will join a collaborative team that works on bacterial or viral pathogens relevant to human and animal disease. The research foci are within broad fields including but not limited to immunology and immunity in disease, host-pathogen interactions, cellular microbiology, biochemistry, animal imaging and pathology, aerobiology, and countermeasure development (diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics). The incumbent will work with a diverse team of internal and external investigators including faculty, postdoctoral fellows, undergraduate and graduate students, and industry professionals. The incumbent will be responsible for conducting research, providing training and mentorship, disseminating findings, and contributing to grant proposals to advance infectious disease research and countermeasure development.”

Learn more and apply here.

CEPI Calls for Experts to Join Its Scientific Advisory Committee

From CEPI: “CEPI’s call for new individuals to join its Scientific Advisory Committee, or SAC —an external expert group providing guidance and recommendations to CEPI on R&D programmes and broader outbreak response efforts—is now open through 9 April 2024.”

“CEPI is recruiting global health professionals with extensive experience across relevant scientific and product development disciplines to join its SAC, and is particularly interested in applicants from Latin America and Africa; female applicants are especially encouraged to apply.“

“Successful applicants’ scientific input, guidance and challenge will be critical in the continued implementation of the CEPI 2.0 strategy, which aims to accelerate the development of vaccines and other biological countermeasures to tackle emerging infectious diseases and enhance global preparedness for future threats.”

“New members’ terms will last three years, starting in June 2024, with the first face-to-face meeting taking place in Rio de Janeiro from 31 July to 1 August. Virtual participation will be made available for anyone unable to travel at this time.”

“Interested individuals can apply using our online form linked here.“

Pandora Report 3.29.2024

by dkellogg97, posted in Pandora Report

This week’s Pandora Report covers the creation of the National Bioeconomy Board, reports of HPAI infections in cattle in multiple states, a new PBS public health docu series, new professional opportunities, and more.

Biodefense PhD Student Presents Research at 2024 Preparedness Summit

Kimberly Ma, a PhD student in the Biodefense Graduate Program, recently presented her research at the 2024 Preparedness Summit in Cleveland. She told the Pandora Report a bit about it, saying “This week, I had the fortune to once again attend the Preparedness Summit in Cleveland. This was my third time attending, but this time, instead of as a public health worker, I came in my personal and Ph.D. student capacity to present my poster “Bioterrorism Risk Communications: Where Are We Now?” and a session born out of a peer-reviewed article in Health Security that I wrote with preparedness leaders across the country, “Reimagining Incident Management Systems for Public Health Responses.”

Read more about her experience here.

White House Launches National Bioeconomy Board

The White House recently announced that it is launching the National Bioeconomy Board to help manage the economic impact of biotechnology and biomanufacturing. In a blog post for the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), Sarah Glaven, OSTP’s Principal Assistant Director for Biotechnology and Biomanufacturing, Industrial Innovation, explained “Biotechnology harnesses the power of biology to create new services and products, which provide opportunities to grow the U.S. economy and workforce and improve the quality of our lives and the environment. This week, the Biden-Harris Administration took an important step toward realizing the potential of biotechnology for the U.S. economy by launching the National Bioeconomy Board. The Board will work with partners across the public and private sectors to advance societal well-being, national security, sustainability, economic productivity, and competitiveness through biotechnology and biomanufacturing.”

The same blog explains that “The National Bioeconomy Board is co-chaired by the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), the Department of Commerce (DOC), and the Department of Defense. The Board also includes representatives from nine additional federal departments and agencies: The State Department, National Science Foundation, Department of Homeland Security, Department of Health and Human Services, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Department of Justice, Department of Energy, Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence. Board members represent the variety of biotechnology and biomanufacturing stakeholders across the federal government, including departments and agencies that promote economic development, sponsor fundamental research, facilitate technology commercialization, focus on safety and security, and engage in workforce training.”

The creation of the Board accompanies the Inflation Reduction Act, Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, and CHIPS and Science Act as part of the administration’s Investing in America agenda, which aims “…to revitalize U.S. manufacturing, bolster national security, and build a sustainable economy for all Americans. The strategy is catalyzing investment in the bioeconomy: since the start of the Biden-Harris Administration, private companies have announced over $20 billion in biomanufacturing investments.”

Bird Flu Detected in Texas, Kansas, and New Mexico

On March 25, USDA officials reported cows in Texas, Kansas, and New Mexico were sick with what is presumed to be the H5N1 influenza virus that has already killed millions of birds. These cattle infections are spoiling milk and causing disease in older animals, with some impacted farms also reporting that dead birds have been discovered on their property, potentially explaining the source of the cattle infections. A case of highly pathogenic avian influenza was detected in a Minnesotan goat earlier this month, marking the first US livestock case of a disease that very rarely spreads between mammalian species.

An article for Science News explains that “Gregory Gray, an epidemiologist at the University of Texas Medical Branch, calls the new detections in cows across multiple states a “worrisome” development because it may signal this bird flu strain is spreading directly between cattle, instead of via birds, and has mutated in ways that could allow it to better infect people. But preliminary studies on the affected cows show no signs that the virus has changed, the National Veterinary Services Laboratories said in a statement yesterday.”

The threat to the public is still considered low, though human cases have been reported recently in Cambodia and Vietnam.

“National Road Map to Invest in RNA Science and Biotechnology”

This write-up from Global Biodefense breaks down a recent report from the National Academies that “charts a course for developing technologies and infrastructure that would enable the determination of any epitranscriptome of scientific and public interest.” The write-up explains in part “Currently, without knowing the exact composition of all RNA molecules that derive from each gene, researchers’ ability to understand the molecular underpinnings of health and disease is severely limited. Every cell in every organism has a different set of modified RNA molecules that make up its epitranscriptome. Epitranscriptomes are constantly changing as cells develop and respond to their environment. RNA can act as an indicator about a patient’s health, is a potential pathway for delivering treatments, and provides real-time information about what is changing and happening in an organism.”

“Charting a Future for Sequencing RNA and Its Modifications: A New Era for Biology and Medicine”

From the National Academies: “Concerted efforts to deepen understanding of RNA modifications and their role in living systems hold the potential to advance human health, improve crop yields, and address other pressing societal challenges. RNA, which carries the information encoded by DNA to the places where it is needed, is amazingly diverse and dynamic. RNA is processed and modified through natural biological pathways, giving rise to hundreds, in some cases thousands, of distinct RNA molecules for each gene, thereby diversifying genetic information. RNA modifications are known to be pivotal players in nearly all biological processes, and their dysregulation has been implicated in a wide range of human diseases and disorders. Yet, our knowledge of RNA modifications remains incomplete, hindered by current technological limitations. Existing methods cannot discover all RNA modifications, let alone comprehensively sequence them on every RNA molecule. Nonetheless, what is known about RNA modifications has already been leveraged in the development of vaccines that helped saved millions of lives worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic. RNA modifications also have applications beyond health, for example, enhancing agricultural productivity.”

“Charting a Future for Sequencing RNA and Its Modifications: A New Era for Biology and Medicine calls for a focused, large-scale effort to accelerate technological innovation to harness the full potential of RNA modifications to address pressing societal challenges in health, agriculture, and beyond. This report assesses the scientific and technological breakthroughs, workforce, and infrastructure needs to sequence RNA and its modifications, and ultimately understand the roles RNA modifications play in biological processes and disease. It proposes a roadmap of innovation that will make it possible for any RNA from any biological system to be sequenced end-to-end with all of its modifications – a capability that could lead to more personalized and targeted treatments and instigate transformative changes across various sectors beyond health and medicine.”

“Future State of Smallpox Medical Countermeasures”

From the National Academies: “At the request of the Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response, the National Academies convened a committee to examine lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic and mpox multi-country outbreak to inform an evaluation of the state of smallpox research, development, and stockpiling of medical countermeasures (MCM). In the resulting report, the committee presents findings and conclusions that may inform U.S. Government investment decisions in smallpox MCM readiness, as well as the official U.S. position on the disposition of live viral collections at future World Health Assembly meetings.”

Bonus: Read Mary Van Beusekom’s discussion of this report for CIDRAP

“Ten Years of High-Consequence Pathogens—Research Gains, Readiness Gaps, and Future Goals”

McQuiston, Montgomery, and Hutson recently published this commentary article in Emerging Infectious Diseases, explaining in part: “Despite successful variola virus eradication, orthopoxviruses remain high-consequence pathogens that create complex control challenges. During 2014–2024, reports of mpox caused by MPXV surged in regions where the virus is enzootic. During 2017–2022, increased reports of mpox in Nigeria initially raised little concern, even though mpox was diagnosed in occasional travelers from Nigeria who had no history of animal contact (9). In May 2022, MPXV clade II began circulating person-to-person globally, primarily through sexual contact among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (10). Thanks to smallpox preparedness work performed by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other partners, regulatory agency-approved diagnostics, the JYNNEOS vaccine (https://www.jynneos.comExternal Link), and TPOXX therapeutic agent (SIGA Technologies, https://www.siga.comExternal Link) were available in some countries; however, limited early supplies of the JYNNEOS vaccine and lack of licensure in some countries meant the vaccine was not accessible to all persons at risk for MPXV exposure. Before the global mpox outbreak, no real-world efficacy data for TPOXX was available; clinical trials are ongoing. After the mpox outbreak peak in 2022, MPXV has continued to circulate at low levels through 2024; since 2022, >90,000 cases have been reported worldwide (11). Since 2023, similar surveillance signals have been seen in DRC with MPXV clade I (12), raising concerns for another global mpox outbreak caused by a more lethal virus clade.”

“The Impact of Vaccines and Behavior on US Cumulative Deaths from COVID-19”

This Brookings summary of a paper authored by Andrew Atkeson and Stephen Kissler offers insight into potential approaches to addressing shortfalls in how the federal government manages massive amounts of public health data and the importance of both vaccines and behavioral changes in reducing overall COVID-19 deaths. The summary explains in part, “However, the authors write in “The Impact of Vaccines and Behavior on U.S. Cumulative Deaths from COVID-19,” the ad hoc effort’s effectiveness came as a surprise. Public health officials could not precisely target mitigation because they lacked precise information on the routes and mechanisms of the disease’s transmission.”

“Awaiting a Decision On New Research Regulations, Scientists Pen Dueling Articles to Shape ‘Gain-of-Function’ Policies”

Matt Field breaks down the scientific community’s responses to recommendations made by the National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity last year in this article for The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, writing in part “As they await a decision on policies for potential pandemic pathogen research, dueling camps of scientists have emerged, weighing in through a journal article, responses to the article, and even responses to the responses. Those camps are seeking to undercut or boost the advisory recommendations developed in the wake of the COVID pandemic—and to bolster or diminish the suspicion that a lab accident could have caused it.”

“Ecological Countermeasures to Prevent Pathogen Spillover and Subsequent Pandemics”

Plowright et al. recently published this article in Nature: “Substantial global attention is focused on how to reduce the risk of future pandemics. Reducing this risk requires investment in prevention, preparedness, and response. Although preparedness and response have received significant focus, prevention, especially the prevention of zoonotic spillover, remains largely absent from global conversations. This oversight is due in part to the lack of a clear definition of prevention and lack of guidance on how to achieve it. To address this gap, we elucidate the mechanisms linking environmental change and zoonotic spillover using spillover of viruses from bats as a case study. We identify ecological interventions that can disrupt these spillover mechanisms and propose policy frameworks for their implementation. Recognizing that pandemics originate in ecological systems, we advocate for integrating ecological approaches alongside biomedical approaches in a comprehensive and balanced pandemic prevention strategy.”

“To Prevent Global Catastrophe, Governments Must First Admit There’s a Problem”

Rumtin Sepasspour and Courtney Tee recently published this piece in The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists discussing political inaction on perceived risks of global catastrophe, writing in part “To properly prevent and prepare for the risk, governments must admit there’s a problem. Such an admission can only come with proper effort to assess and monitor global catastrophic risk, develop potential future scenarios, build and analyze intelligence, and invest in scientific and technical expertise.”

“Bibliometric Analysis of China’s Non-Therapeutic Brain-Computer Interface Research: Alternate Paths to Cognitive Augmentation and Control”

From CSET: “China’s brain-computer interface research has two dimensions. Besides its usual applications in neuropathology, China is extending the benefits of BCI to the general population, aiming at enhanced cognition and a “merger” of natural and artificial intelligence. This report, authored in collaboration with researchers from the Department of War Studies at King’s College London uses bibliometric analysis and expert assessment of technical documents to evaluate China’s BCI, and conclude that the research is on track to achieve its targets.”

“Russia’s Increasing Illegal Chemical Weapons Usage in Ukraine”

Tim Mak, Alessandra Hay, and Oksana Ostapchuk cover an interview with a survivor of a 2013 sarin gas attack in Syria and how inaction afterward has emboldened leaders like Vladimir Putin to use these weapons more frequently in this piece for The Counteroffensive. Warning: this article does contain graphic content.

“VX Nerve Agent Incident: Lessons Learned, Best Practices, and the Challenges Ahead”

From CBNW Magazine: “The 2017 VX nerve agent incident in Malaysia stands as a poignant demonstration of the catastrophic capability of asymmetrical chemical weapon threats, underscoring the critical necessity for increased attentiveness in averting and addressing such risks, writes Dr. Raja Subramanian.”

“CHEMEX Africa 2023: Interview with H.E. Ambassador Salima Abdelhak, P.R. of Algeria to OPCW”

From CBNW Magazine: “Taking place from September 23 to October 5, 2023, in the Algerian capital of Algiers, CHEMEX Africa was the first ever large-scale chemical emergency response exercise for African countries organized by the OPCW. CBNW Magazine Editor Patrick Norén spoke to the Permanent Representative (P.R.) of Algeria to the OPCW, H.E. Ambassador Salima Abdelhak, about the exercise and Algeria’s commitment to implementing the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). A full article on CHEMEX Africa containing extracts from this interview will be published in April.”

Read here.

What We’re Watching 🍿

The Invisible Shield

A new four-part docu series from PBS, “The Invisible Shield examines how public health makes modern life possible, but it is underfunded, undervalued and misunderstood putting our health at risk.”

Strem this series here.

NEW: The Future of U.S. Bulk Data Sharing and Use

From BIO-ISAC: “On February 28, 2024, the White House issued an Executive Order on Preventing Access to Americans’ Bulk Sensitive Personal Data and United States Government-Related Data by Countries of Concern.”

“The Executive Order (EO) seeks to secure sensitive data from being shared with individuals, companies, and investors outside the US, particularly those connected to countries that may harm the US or its people.”

“The Department of Justice (DOJ) also issued a fact sheet and advanced notice of proposed rulemaking (ANPRM) regarding the proposed guidance and implementation strategies in the text.

  • What does this mean for the bioeconomy?
  • How has industry responded to this call for action?
  • What does this mean for the future of data sharing collaborations and research?”

“This collaborative discussion, with the BIO-ISAC community and representatives from the U.S. Department of Justice, will share an overview of the EO and ANPRM, explore the intent and efforts connected to these actions, and offer a Q&A session to review specific examples, pinch points, and ideas.”

This discussion will take place on April 5 at 12 pm EST. Learn more and register here.

NEW: EBRC & NIST Sequence Screening Virtual Workshop #1

From ERBC: “Synthetic DNA enables life sciences research that can be applied to pressing societal challenges across many sectors, but could also be used in the development of biological parts, systems, or organisms that cause great harm to human, public, or environmental health. Many companies that produce and sell synthetic DNA screen ordered sequences to prevent customers from inappropriately accessing Sequences of Concern (SOCs). This project aims to improve DNA synthesis screening by enabling the development of better tools and mechanisms for screening performance evaluation.”

“This will be the first workshop in the series. Additional virtual workshops will be held over the next six months, with an in-person meeting to be held in the fall. More details to come.”

This event will take place on April 9 at 1 pm EST. Learn more and register here.

NEW: The Advancing Threat Agnostic Biodefense Webinar Series

From PNNL: “Join us as we welcome Patrick Chain, scientist at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). His talk, titled “Toward Pathogen-Agnostic Detection: Advances and Challenges in Shotgun Sequencing-Based Biosurveillance” will be Tuesday, April 16, at noon PT.”

“Patrick Chain leads the Metagenomics Applications, Bioinformatics, and Analytics Teams in the Bioscience Division at LANL, while also co-managing the Division’s Genomics Program. His team pioneers innovative algorithms and methods in bioinformatics and metagenomics, applying them to various research areas such as organism detection, sample characterization, and fundamental research across different ‘biomes’. With a background including a B.Sc. and M.Sc. from McMaster University and a Ph.D. from Michigan State University, Chain brings a wealth of expertise to the field.”

“The Advancing Threat Agnostic Biodefense Webinar Series brings together like-minded science and policy members of the biodefense community to discuss relevant research activities as well as barriers and enablers of a threat agnostic approach. The webinar series is hosted by the Nuclear, Chemical, and Biological Technology Division.”

Register here.

Artificial Intelligence and Automated Laboratories for Biotechnology: Leveraging Opportunities and Mitigating Risks

From the National Academies’ Board on Life Sciences: “Please join us April 3-4, 2024 for a hybrid workshop on the opportunities and mitigation of risks of the use of artificial intelligence and automated laboratories (i.e., self-driving labs) for biotechnology.”

“The workshop will consider opportunities to leverage AI and laboratory automation capabilities for discovery and development, explore methods and approaches to identify, track, and forecast the domestic and international development of such technologies, and convene experts across sectors to highlight recent advances and explore implications for the development and use of these technologies.”

Learn more and register here.

Launch of the 2024 National Blueprint on Biodefense

From the Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense: “On the 10th anniversary of its inception, the Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense will release its 2024 National Blueprint on Biodefense: Immediate Action Needed to Defend Against Biological Threats.”

“Please join us for this momentous event at the Congressional Auditorium, Capitol Visitor Center, on April 17th at 4:30pm.”

“The Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense (formerly the Blue Ribbon Study Panel on Biodefense) was established in 2014 to provide a comprehensive assessment of the state of United States biodefense efforts and to issue recommendations that foster change.  Subsequently, the Commission has briefed White House Administrations (including then Vice President Biden); testified before Congress; convened numerous meetings with experts; released 12 reports; produced the graphic novel Germ Warfare; and mobilized biodefense conversations and actions in the private and public sectors.”

Learn more and register here.

Addressing the Challenges Posed by Chemical and Biological Weapons: Intensive Online Introductory Course for Students of Technical Disciplines

“SIPRI and the European Union Non-Proliferation and Disarmament Consortium (EUNPDC) invite graduate and postgraduate students of the technical or natural science disciplines to apply for an intensive online introductory course on chemical and biological weapons—their proliferation, the efforts to eliminate them, the various mechanisms used to control their spread—and endeavours underway to reduce the risk of chemical or biological agents in terrorist attacks. The course will take place online, during four half-days on 28–31 May 2024, 14:00 to 18:00 Central European Summer Time (CEST).”

“The course will cover the fundamentals of chemical and biological weapons as well as of missiles and other means of delivery; the history of chemical and biological warfare; the evolution of international norms against these weapons; the threats associated with potential terrorist uses of chemical and biological material; bioweapons and other related scientific advances; the current challenges posed by chemical weapons; arms control treaties; and mechanisms to curb the spread of dangerous substances, including export controls.”

“The course will also discuss the role of the EU institutions and industry to address the challenges mentioned above. The course will be instructed by renowned experts on non-proliferation, arms control, disarmament, export controls, verification and related subjects from SIPRI, other European research centres, think tanks and international organizations.”

Learn more and apply here.

Registration for GHS 2024 Now Open

Registration is now open for the Global Health Security 2024 conference in Sydney, Australia. This iteration will take place 18-21 June, 2024. The call for abstracts is also still open. “The mission of the Global Health Security conference is to provide a forum where leaders, researchers, policy-makers, and representatives from government, international organisations, civil society, and private industry from around the world can engage with each other, review the latest research and policy innovations, and agree solutions for making the world safer and healthier. To that end, our mission is to help foster a genuinely multidisciplinary community of practice that is committed to working collaboratively to enhance global health security and eliminate disease, irrespective of its origin or source.”

SBA.3 International Synthetic Biology, and Biosecurity Conference in Africa

“Join us for the SBA.3 International Synthetic Biology and Biosecurity Conference in Africa, a groundbreaking event that brings together experts, researchers, and enthusiasts in the field of synthetic biology. This in-person conference will take place at the Laico Regency Hotel from Wed, Jul 17, 2024 to Friday, Jul 19, 2024.”

“Get ready to dive into the exciting world of synthetic biology and explore its potential applications in Africa. From cutting-edge research to innovative solutions, this conference offers a unique opportunity to learn, network, and collaborate with like-minded individuals.”

“Discover the latest advancements, trends, and challenges in synthetic biology through engaging keynote speeches, interactive workshops, and thought-provoking panel discussions. Immerse yourself in a vibrant atmosphere where ideas flow freely and new connections are made.”

“Whether you’re a seasoned professional or just starting your journey in synthetic biology, this conference provides a platform to expand your knowledge, exchange ideas, and contribute to the growth of the field in Africa.”

“Don’t miss out on this extraordinary event that promises to shape the future of synthetic biology and biosecurity in Africa. Mark your calendars and join us at the SBA.3 International Synthetic Biology and Biosecurity Conference in Africa!”

Learn more and register here.

Job Announcement: George Mason University, Research Faculty, Infectious Diseases

“The Institute for Biohealth Innovation harnesses the collective talent of more than 300 GMU faculty and staff and thousands of students across 34 academic departments. The IBI connects Mason researchers with potential collaborators, both within the university and externally, to take on some of biohealth’s biggest challenges.”

“The Biomedical Research Lab (BRL), is a core facility overseen by the Institute. The 52,000 square-foot regional biocontainment laboratory (RBL) was established in 2010 as one of 12 NIAID-funded RBLs to support infectious disease research and foster collaborations with other national and global laboratories. It operates as a central core facility to advance research and develop novel diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines against viral and bacterial infectious agents by a diverse population of internal and external investigators. The facility is capable of housing multiple species and has a variety of established animal models, with an emphasis on aerosolized exposures. The BRL is fully approved and licensed for work by the CDC and USDA and is accredited by AAALAC.”

“The research faculty will join a collaborative team that works on bacterial or viral pathogens relevant to human and animal disease. The research foci are within broad fields including but not limited to immunology and immunity in disease, host-pathogen interactions, cellular microbiology, biochemistry, animal imaging and pathology, aerobiology, and countermeasure development (diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics). The incumbent will work with a diverse team of internal and external investigators including faculty, postdoctoral fellows, undergraduate and graduate students, and industry professionals. The incumbent will be responsible for conducting research, providing training and mentorship, disseminating findings, and contributing to grant proposals to advance infectious disease research and countermeasure development.”

Learn more and apply here.

CEPI Calls for Experts to Join Its Scientific Advisory Committee

From CEPI: “CEPI’s call for new individuals to join its Scientific Advisory Committee, or SAC —an external expert group providing guidance and recommendations to CEPI on R&D programmes and broader outbreak response efforts—is now open through 9 April 2024.”

“CEPI is recruiting global health professionals with extensive experience across relevant scientific and product development disciplines to join its SAC, and is particularly interested in applicants from Latin America and Africa; female applicants are especially encouraged to apply.“

“Successful applicants’ scientific input, guidance and challenge will be critical in the continued implementation of the CEPI 2.0 strategy, which aims to accelerate the development of vaccines and other biological countermeasures to tackle emerging infectious diseases and enhance global preparedness for future threats.”

“New members’ terms will last three years, starting in June 2024, with the first face-to-face meeting taking place in Rio de Janeiro from 31 July to 1 August. Virtual participation will be made available for anyone unable to travel at this time.”

“Interested individuals can apply using our online form linked here.“

Pandora Report 3.22.2024

by dkellogg97, posted in Pandora Report

Happy Friday! This week’s Pandora Report covers progress on the ninth round of negotiations on a Pandemic Accord and proposed amendments to the International Health Regulations, Murthy v. Missouri and the evolving threat of health and medical misinformation, a recently launched Senate biodefense and life science research investigation, EPA’s warnings about cyberattacks against the United States’ water infrastructure and more.

Global Leaders Call for Urgent Agreement on a Pandemic Accord

More than 100 global leaders have made a call “to press for an urgent agreement from international negotiators on a Pandemic Accord, under the Constitution of the World Health Organization, to bolster the world’s collective preparedness and response to future pandemics,” according to a recent WHO press release. It comes as member states of the WHO look to finalize an agreement that would amend the 2005 International Health Regulations (IHR), which will be considered by the World Health Assembly in May. David P. Fidler explains what is at stake during this ninth round of deliberations in a recent piece for CFR’s Think Global Health, writing in part “WHO documents on the negotiations, along with commentary parsing the talks, indicate that WHO member states have much to do in a short period to deliver final drafts of a pandemic agreement and amended IHR to the World Health Assembly. Unresolved issues include problems that have long confounded global health governance, including equitable access to pharmaceutical products, financing for public health capacity-building, and government accountability. Even if the negotiations achieve breakthroughs on those problems, the task of turning reforms on paper into reality in practice confronts a world in which solidarity is increasingly in short supply.”

The letter challenges those who argue such amendments will harm national sovereignty, reading in part, “A new pandemic threat will emerge; there is no excuse not to be ready for it. It is thus imperative to build an effective, multisectoral, and multilateral approach to pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response. Given the unpredictable nature of public-health risks, a global strategy must embody a spirit of openness and inclusiveness. There is no time to waste, which is why we are calling on all national leaders to redouble their efforts to complete the accord by the May deadline.”

“Beyond protecting countless lives and livelihoods, the timely delivery of a global pandemic accord would send a powerful message: even in our fractured and fragmented world, international cooperation can still deliver global solutions to global problems.”

SCOTUS Hears Case Concerning Social Media Platforms, Pandemic Misinformation

The Supreme Court heard arguments this week in Murthy v. Missouri, a case concerning the First Amendment and whether the Biden administration violated the right to freedom of expression in its communications with social media companies regarding COVID-19-related misinformation. The lawsuit, one of 26 filed against the administration by former Missouri Attorney General Eric Schmitt, alleges that the Biden administration was “…working with social media giants such as Meta, Twitter, and YouTube to censor and suppress free speech, including truthful information, related to COVID-19, election integrity, and other topics, under the guise of combating ‘misinformation.”

NYT‘s Dani Blum explains how this has refocused attention on misinformation and its evolving nature, writing in part “Health hacks not backed by science have spread widely on social media platforms. The same kinds of conspiracy theories that helped to fuel vaccine hesitancy during the Covid-19 pandemic are now undermining trust in vaccines against other diseases, including measles, as more people have lost confidence in public health experts and institutions. And rapid developments in artificial intelligence have made it even harder for people to tell what’s true and what’s false online.”

Blum continues, writing “Misinformation commonly includes “fake experts,” according to Sander van der Linden, a professor of social psychology in society at Cambridge who researches misinformation. These are either people making health claims who do not have any medical credentials, or doctors making statements about topics that they are not experts in. “You wouldn’t want to go to an ear and nose doctor to do a heart operation,” he said. “Is this a vaccine expert, or is this a doctor who actually does no research and has no expertise on vaccinations?”’

The effects of this are being keenly felt by healthcare providers. Amanda Johnson, a primary care physician in New York City, told USA Today about her approach to working with patients who have fallen victim to such information, saying “(Frustration) doesn’t get us anywhere. I think those conversations are more likely to go poorly if you take it as a personal affront.”

The same article explains further that “She has talked about misinformation with patients, some of whom have even asked her to review social media posts they’ve seen. The most animated responses come from patients who believe they’re losing control or having something forced on them, said Johnson, who also leads NYC Health + Hospitals’ AfterCare program for New Yorkers recovering from COVID-19 or living with long COVID.”

“Many people are disparaging or dismissive when talking about people who believe misinformation, but it can happen to anyone, said Sedona Chinn, an assistant professor in the life sciences communication department at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.”

Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee Announces Bipartisan Biodefense and Life Science Research Investigation

In a statement this week, the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee announced, “U.S. Senators Gary Peters (D-MI) and Rand Paul (R-KY), Chairman and Ranking Member of the Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee, announced a joint investigation of national security threats posed by high-risk biological research and technology in the U.S. and abroad. Peters and Paul plan to hold hearings and conduct government-wide oversight on areas including high-risk life science research, biodefense, synthetic biology, biosafety and biosecurity lapses, early warning capabilities for emerging outbreaks or possible attacks, and potential origins of the COVID-19 pandemic. This bipartisan oversight effort will assess and identify measures to mitigate longstanding and emerging risks and threats that may result in serious biological incidents – whether deliberate, accidental, or natural. The investigation will also seek to increase transparency and strengthen oversight of taxpayer-funded life sciences research, laboratories in the U.S. and abroad, and detection of biological threats.”

This is likely to add fire to efforts to impose new restrictions on contracted Chinese research firms like WuXi AppTec, as highlighted by Axios. At the same time, this will likely further reveal partisan divides on the topic, particularly given Paul’s emphasis on the Biden administration’s alleged efforts to conceal critical information about the COVID-19 pandemic.

EPA Confirms China- and Iran-Backed Hackers Are Targeting US Drinking Water Systems

“The country’s water systems are being hit with an increasing number of nation-state cyberattacks, according to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),” explains a recent news article. In a recent letter to governors from EPA Administrator Michael Regan and National Security Adviser Jake Sullivan, the pair wrote ‘“We need your support to ensure that all water systems in your state comprehensively assess their current cybersecurity practices.”’ They also emphasized that, in many cases, “even basic cybersecurity precautions, are not present at water treatment facilities, urging that this “can mean the difference between business as usual and a disruptive cyberattack.”

CNN reports that “The EPA will also set up a “task force” to “identify the most significant vulnerabilities of water systems to cyberattacks,” among other pressing issues, Regan and Sullivan said in their letter. The Biden officials invited state homeland security and environmental officials to a meeting to discuss cybersecurity improvements needed in the water sector.”

This comes after industrial equipment at multiple water facilities in the US was hacked late last year, displaying an anti-Israel message, according to US officials. The administration blamed the Iranian government for these attacks. Hackers backed by the Chinese state have also recently infiltrated US water facilities, in “…a hacking campaign that the Biden administration worries Beijing could use to disrupt critical infrastructure in the event of a conflict with the US. China denies the allegations.”

US Hosts Launch for New Foreign Ministry Channel for Global Health Security

Recently, the US Department of State announced that Ambassador John Nkengasong – U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator and Senior Bureau Official for Global Health Security and Diplomacy, overseeing the Department’s Bureau for Global Health Security and Diplomacy – hosted a day-long discussion program to help plan priorities and review lines of efforts for the recently created Foreign Ministry Channel for Global Health Security.

The Department’s press statement explains that “The Channel builds on the 2022-2023 COVID-19 Pandemic Prioritized Global Action Plan for Enhanced Engagement (GAP).  The meeting is the first in a series of regular engagements between senior officials within Ministries of Foreign Affairs to focus diplomatic attention and action on critical global health security priorities.  The foreign ministries, and participants from other ministries, will build on progress in this first meeting to elevate global health security issues as a national security imperative, enhance pandemic preparedness, and advance concrete global health security deliverables.  Participants will collaborate on global efforts to:

  • Strengthen pandemic prevention and early-warning capacities
  • Address misinformation and disinformation on health issues, and leverage emerging technologies to strengthen global health security
  • Mitigate the human health impacts of climate change utilizing the One Health approach, which recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health
  • Enable sustainable medical countermeasures for health emergencies
  • Enhance diplomatic workforce capacity on health security.”

“‘Lab Leak’ Proponents at Rutgers Accused of Defaming and Intimidating COVID-19 Origin Researchers”

Jocelyn Kaiser covers a recent formal complaint filed with Rutgers University regarding the conduct of molecular biologist Richard Ebright and microbiologist Bryce Nickels, both employed by the university. Kaiser explains in the news piece for Science, “But now, their targets have had enough. A dozen scientists filed a formal complaint with Rutgers yesterday alleging that the two faculty members have violated the university’s policies on free expression by posting “provably false” comments that are often defamatory, and that some of their actions could even threaten scientists’ safety.”

Read more here.

“How to Better Research the Possible Threats Posed by AI-Driven Misuse of Biology”

Matthew E. Walsh recently authored this piece for The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, writing in part “Nonetheless, researchers have conducted experiments that aim to evaluate sub-components of biological threats—such as the ability to develop a plan for or obtain information that could enable misuse. Two recent efforts—by RAND Corporation and OpenAI—to understand how artificial intelligence could lower barriers to the development of biological weapons concluded that access to a large language model chatbot did not give users an edge in developing plans to misuse biology. But those findings are just one part of the story and should not be considered conclusive.”

“An Action Plan to Increase the Safety and Security of Advanced AI”

This action plan from Gladstone AI was completed following the release of an October 2022 State Department assessment of proliferation and security risks posed by weaponized and misaligned AI. The plan-“Defense in Depth: An Action Plan to Increase the Safety and Security of Advanced AI“-explains in part of its introduction that “This action plan is a blueprint for that intervention. Its aim is to increase the safety and security of advanced AI by countering catastrophic national security risks from AI weaponization and loss of control. It was developed over thirteen months, and informed by conversations with over two hundred stakeholders from across the U.S., U.K., and Canadian governments; major cloud providers; AI safety organizations; security and computing experts; and formal and informal contacts at the frontier AI labs themselves. The actions we propose follow a sequence that:
● Begins by establishing interim safeguards to stabilize advanced AI development,
including export controls on the advanced AI supply chain;
● Leverages the time gained to develop basic regulatory oversight and strengthen
U.S. government capacity for later stages;
● Transitions into a domestic legal regime of responsible AI development and
adoption, safeguarded by a new U.S. regulatory agency; and
● Extends that regime to the multilateral and international domains.”

“Government Commissioned Report: AI is Creating New Categories of Weapons of Mass Destruction”

This recent article in the Claims Journal covers the aforementioned report from the State Department focused on WMD threats and AI: “A U.S. State Department-commissioned report asserts that advanced artificial intelligence is creating entirely new categories of weapons of mass destruction-like (WMD-like) and WMD-enabling catastrophic…The risks associated with these developments are global, have deeply technical origins and are quickly evolving, leaving policymakers with diminishing opportunities to introduce safeguards to balance these considerations and ensure advanced AI is developed and adopted responsibly.”

Read more here.

“Why Are Large AI Models Being Red Teamed?”

Natasha Bajema covers AI red teaming in this piece for IEEE Spectrum, writing in part “In February, OpenAI announced the arrival of Sora, a stunning “text-to-video” tool. Simply enter a prompt, and Sora generates a realistic video within seconds. But it wasn’t immediately available to the public. Some of the delay is because OpenAI reportedly has a set of experts called a red team who, the company has said, will probe the model to understand its capacity for deepfake videos, misinformation, bias, and hateful content.”

“Red teaming, while having proved useful for cybersecurity applications, is a military tool that was never intended for widespread adoption by the private sector.”

‘“Done well, red teaming can identify and help address vulnerabilities in AI,” says Brian Chen, director of policy from the New York–based think tank Data & Society. “What it does not do is address the structural gap in regulating the technology in the public interest.”’

“Biodefense in the FY25 President’s Budget Request”

Lillian Parr and Dan Regan recently published this blog post with CSR’s Nolan Center in which they compare the FY25 budget request to the FY24 Continuing Resolution. They explain “On Monday, March 11, the Biden Administration released the President’s Budget Request (PBR) for Fiscal Year 2025. While the final budget appropriations bills enacted by Congress will likely differ substantially from this request, the PBR provides useful insight into the Administration’s priorities. This blog post will highlight a few notable funding lines and trends for biodefense-focused programs…The initial tranche of the PBR documents, namely the Budget of the United States Government and the budget-in-briefs from each agency, state the priority budget items and highlight significant changes in funding. This analysis is largely based on these highlights and the topline budget numbers available. Over the next several weeks the agencies will complete the release of their budget justification books, which contain the highest level of detail on budgetary resourcing. Once all of the final justification books are released, we’ll announce our updated CSR Biodefense Budget Breakdown.”

“Public Health Emergency Medical Countermeasures Enterprise Multiyear Budget: Fiscal Years 2023-2027”

ASPR recently released the Public Health Emergency Medical Countermeasure Enterprise (PHEMCE) Multiyear Budget (MYB) for fiscal years 2023-2027. “The report assesses funding needs to support medical countermeasure priorities, which would allow the U.S. Government to prepare for the next public health threat. The MYB projects an estimated overall funding need of $79.5 billion over the five-year period, an increase of $15.5 billion over the 2022-2026 report. The MYB is not a budget request and does not replace funding levels requested in the President’s Budget or accompanying documents.”

“The MYB forecasts to Congress and external stakeholders the funding required to fully prepare the country for a range of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear threats, without regard to the competing priorities considered in the President’s Budget. The MYB also illustrates the support needed for other key priorities — such as supporting innovative approaches to medical countermeasure (MCM) development and fostering clear, scientifically supported regulatory pathways for MCMs.”

“Ready or Not 2024: Protecting the Public’s Health from Diseases, Disasters, and Bioterrorism”

From Trust for America’s Health: “As the nation experiences an increasing number of infectious disease outbreaks and extreme weather events, TFAH’s Ready or Not 2024: Protecting the Public’s Health from Diseases, Disasters, and Bioterrorism report identifies key gaps in national and state preparedness to protect residents’ health during emergencies and makes recommendations to strengthen the nation’s public health system and improve emergency readiness.”

“Op-Ed: Proposed LDTs Rule Threatens Outbreak Containment”

Linoj Samuel and Erin Graf, Chair and Vice Chair of the American Society for Microbiology’s Clinical and Public Health Microbiology Committee respectively, recently authored this opinion piece discussing how federal regulations currently under consideration might harm the effectiveness of of laboratory-developed tests for fast-moving outbreaks. They write in part, “The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently proposed a rule that would require the same premarket approval for LDTs as it does for medical devices, such as prosthetic joints or pacemakers. The potential rule could bring significant harm to patients by limiting the clinical microbiology and public health laboratories that serve them. The medical device pathway under consideration is designed for commercially developed medical devices. It’s ill-suited to regulate LDTs, and it’s especially at odds with the realities of infectious disease testing. If adopted, the FDA’s rule will disincentivize clinical and public health labs from developing and deploying essential LDTs. It will create gaps in diagnosis and care, and it could potentially impact underserved communities the most.”

“Clinical, Biomarker, and Research Tests Among US Government Personnel and Their Family Members Involved in Anomalous Health Incidents”

Chan, Hallett, and Zalewski recently published this article in JAMA: “Questions  Do US government officials and their family members involved in anomalous health incidents (AHIs) differ from control participants with respect to clinical, biomarker, and research assessments?”

“Findings  In this exploratory study that included 86 participants reporting AHIs and 30 vocationally matched control participants, there were no significant differences in most tests of auditory, vestibular, cognitive, visual function, or blood biomarkers between the groups. Participants with AHIs performed significantly worse on self-reported and objective measures of balance, and had significantly increased symptoms of fatigue, posttraumatic stress disorder, and depression compared with the control participants; 24 participants (28%) with AHIs presented with functional neurological disorders.”

“Meaning  In this exploratory study, there were no significant differences between individuals reporting AHIs and matched control participants with respect to most clinical, research, and biomarker measures, except for self-reported and objective measures of imbalance; symptoms of fatigue, posttraumatic stress, and depression; and the development of functional neurological disorders in some.”

“Russia Appears to Be Using Chemical Weapons in Ukraine. And Admitting It.”

Matt Field covers the debate over the validity of Ukraine’s claims that Russia is using CW in the ongoing war in Ukraine for The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, writing in part “For Lennie Phillips, a former inspector for the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), which implements the Chemical Weapons Convention, some of Ukraine’s claims appear credible, including a segment on Russian state-controlled TV that included an interview with a man the US embassy in The Hague reports is a Russian soldier discussing the effectiveness of chemicals as weapons. “The piece on Russia’s Channel [One] alone makes the use of tear gas by the [Russian Federation] very credible,” Phillips, now a research fellow at the UK defense think tank RUSI, said.”

“The Centre for Chemistry and Technology and the Future of the OPCW”

Ian Anthony recently published this paper with the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute: “With the destruction of the final remaining stockpiles of declared chemical weapons in 2023, the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) must adjust to a new role. The inauguration of the OPCW’s Centre for Chemistry and Technology (CCT) in 2023 provides a new resource to assist the organization and the international community in reducing and eliminating the threat from chemical weapons.”

“Now that the CCT is operational, it is important to build momentum behind a substantive programme of work. Projects for the programme could be grouped into four thematic categories: understanding technological developments; chemical forensics; broadening geographical representation; and tailored training programmes.”

“The CCT should be led by a director, who should work with a newly established Office of Science and Technology to develop the centre’s strategic direction. To provide the CCT with stable and secure financing, a trust fund for the CCT should be established.”

Report Release Webinar: Future State of Smallpox Medical Countermeasures

From National Academies of Science and Medicine: “Join the Committee on Current State of Research, Development, and Stockpiling of Smallpox Medical Countermeasures as it discusses its newly released report Future State of Smallpox Medical Countermeasures on Tuesday, March 26, 2024.”

Learn more and join the discussion here.

Artificial Intelligence and Automated Laboratories for Biotechnology: Leveraging Opportunities and Mitigating Risks

From the National Academies’ Board on Life Sciences: “Please join us April 3-4, 2024 for a hybrid workshop on the opportunities and mitigation of risks of the use of artificial intelligence and automated laboratories (i.e., self-driving labs) for biotechnology.”

“The workshop will consider opportunities to leverage AI and laboratory automation capabilities for discovery and development, explore methods and approaches to identify, track, and forecast the domestic and international development of such technologies, and convene experts across sectors to highlight recent advances and explore implications for the development and use of these technologies.”

Learn more and register here.

Launch of the 2024 National Blueprint on Biodefense

From the Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense: “On the 10th anniversary of its inception, the Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense will release its 2024 National Blueprint on Biodefense: Immediate Action Needed to Defend Against Biological Threats.”

“Please join us for this momentous event at the Congressional Auditorium, Capitol Visitor Center, on April 17th at 4:30pm.”

“The Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense (formerly the Blue Ribbon Study Panel on Biodefense) was established in 2014 to provide a comprehensive assessment of the state of United States biodefense efforts and to issue recommendations that foster change.  Subsequently, the Commission has briefed White House Administrations (including then Vice President Biden); testified before Congress; convened numerous meetings with experts; released 12 reports; produced the graphic novel Germ Warfare; and mobilized biodefense conversations and actions in the private and public sectors.”

Learn more and register here.

Addressing the Challenges Posed by Chemical and Biological Weapons: Intensive Online Introductory Course for Students of Technical Disciplines

“SIPRI and the European Union Non-Proliferation and Disarmament Consortium (EUNPDC) invite graduate and postgraduate students of the technical or natural science disciplines to apply for an intensive online introductory course on chemical and biological weapons—their proliferation, the efforts to eliminate them, the various mechanisms used to control their spread—and endeavours underway to reduce the risk of chemical or biological agents in terrorist attacks. The course will take place online, during four half-days on 28–31 May 2024, 14:00 to 18:00 Central European Summer Time (CEST).”

“The course will cover the fundamentals of chemical and biological weapons as well as of missiles and other means of delivery; the history of chemical and biological warfare; the evolution of international norms against these weapons; the threats associated with potential terrorist uses of chemical and biological material; bioweapons and other related scientific advances; the current challenges posed by chemical weapons; arms control treaties; and mechanisms to curb the spread of dangerous substances, including export controls.”

“The course will also discuss the role of the EU institutions and industry to address the challenges mentioned above. The course will be instructed by renowned experts on non-proliferation, arms control, disarmament, export controls, verification and related subjects from SIPRI, other European research centres, think tanks and international organizations.”

Learn more and apply here.

Registration for GHS 2024 Now Open

Registration is now open for the Global Health Security 2024 conference in Sydney, Australia. This iteration will take place 18-21 June, 2024. The call for abstracts is also still open. “The mission of the Global Health Security conference is to provide a forum where leaders, researchers, policy-makers, and representatives from government, international organisations, civil society, and private industry from around the world can engage with each other, review the latest research and policy innovations, and agree solutions for making the world safer and healthier. To that end, our mission is to help foster a genuinely multidisciplinary community of practice that is committed to working collaboratively to enhance global health security and eliminate disease, irrespective of its origin or source.”

SBA.3 International Synthetic Biology, and Biosecurity Conference in Africa

“Join us for the SBA.3 International Synthetic Biology and Biosecurity Conference in Africa, a groundbreaking event that brings together experts, researchers, and enthusiasts in the field of synthetic biology. This in-person conference will take place at the Laico Regency Hotel from Wed, Jul 17, 2024 to Friday, Jul 19, 2024.”

“Get ready to dive into the exciting world of synthetic biology and explore its potential applications in Africa. From cutting-edge research to innovative solutions, this conference offers a unique opportunity to learn, network, and collaborate with like-minded individuals.”

“Discover the latest advancements, trends, and challenges in synthetic biology through engaging keynote speeches, interactive workshops, and thought-provoking panel discussions. Immerse yourself in a vibrant atmosphere where ideas flow freely and new connections are made.”

“Whether you’re a seasoned professional or just starting your journey in synthetic biology, this conference provides a platform to expand your knowledge, exchange ideas, and contribute to the growth of the field in Africa.”

“Don’t miss out on this extraordinary event that promises to shape the future of synthetic biology and biosecurity in Africa. Mark your calendars and join us at the SBA.3 International Synthetic Biology and Biosecurity Conference in Africa!”

Learn more and register here.

Eighth Annual Next Generation for Biosecurity Competition Open for Applications

“The Eighth Annual Next Generation for Biosecurity Competition is now open. NTI | bio hosts this competition to provide a platform for the next generation of global leaders in biosecurity to develop original concepts and share them with the wider biosecurity community. This year’s co-sponsors include 80,000 Hours, the Global Health Security Network, the iGEM Foundation, the International Federation of Biosafety Associations, the Next Generation Global Health Security Network, Pandemic Action Network, SynBio Africa, and Women of Color Advancing Peace, Security, and Conflict Transformation.“

“This year, the competition invites innovative and creative papers focused on how investments in biosecurity can both contribute to a more equitable society and reduce biological risks. The full prompt is provided below.”

“Winners of the Biosecurity Competition will be awarded the following:

  • Online publication of their paper on the NTI website
  • The opportunity to attend a high-profile international biosecurity event, such as the Biological Weapons Convention, and present their paper at a prestigious side event.”

Learn more here.

Nonproliferation Review and CNS Announce McElvany Award Winners

“The Nonproliferation Review and the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS) are pleased to announce that an article examining the George W. Bush administration’s policies toward the nuclear programs of Iran and South Korea, “A tale of two fuel cycles: defining enrichment and reprocessing in the nonproliferation regime” by Sidra Hamidi and Chantell Murphy, has won the Doreen and Jim McElvany Nonproliferation Award’s grand prize.”

“In examining the Bush administration’s policies toward two states with advanced nuclear fuel cycles, Hamidi and Murphy’s article also explores the various US and international definitions of uranium enrichment and spent-fuel reprocessing. Its analysis draws on the concept of “technopolitics,” the study of the mutually reinforcing processes by which political priorities shape technological systems while technology also limits and creates new kinds of politics.”

Read more here.

Pandora Report 3.15.2024

by dkellogg97, posted in Pandora Report

Happy Friday! This week’s edition of the Pandora Report covers HHS’ launch of a probe into the cyber attack on Change Healthcare, the IC’s annual threat assessment, new publications and professional opportunities, and more.

Biodefense PhD Student Lands Fellowship With National Security Commission on Emerging Biotechnology

“Aishwarya Sriraman, Biodefense PhD student, is starting a fellowship with the National Security Commission on Emerging Biotechnology, a legislative branch advisory entity charged with conducting a review of how emerging biotechnologies will shape current and future activities of the Department of Defense. The fellowship will provide an exciting opportunity to gain firsthand policy and research experience working at the intersection of national security and emerging biotechnology. She will specifically be working with the Policy and Research team focused on partnerships and bioliteracy.”

HHS Opens Probe Into UnitedHealth Cyber Attack

The US Department of Health and Human Services announced Wednesday that it has opened an investigation into the February 21 cyber attack targeting a subsidiary of United Health-Change Healthcare. The aim of the investigation is to determine if there was any breach of protected health data and to see if UnitedHealth Group abided by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. ‘”Given the unprecedented magnitude of this cyberattack and in the best interest of patients and health care providers” the HHS Office for Civil Rights is initiating an investigation into the incident, the health department said.”

Secretary of HHS Xavier Becerra and Acting Secretary of the Department of Labor Julie A. Su said in a letter regarding the issue “In a situation such as this, the government and private sector must work together to help providers make payroll and deliver timely care to the American people. The Biden-Harris Administration has taken action by removing challenges for health care providers and addressing this cyberattack head on. Now, we are asking private sector leaders across the health care industry – especially other payers – to meet the moment.”

“The Biden-Harris Administration remains committed to ensuring that all Americans can access needed care in spite of this cyberattack. We urge the private sector to quickly identify and carry out solutions. Specifically, we call on UHG, other insurance companies, clearinghouses, and health care entities to take additional actions to mitigate the harms this attack places on patients and providers, particularly our safety net providers.”

Reuters explained in its reporting that Change Healthcare “processes about 50% of medical claims in the U.S. for around 900,000 physicians, 33,000 pharmacies, 5,500 hospitals and 600 laboratories.”

UnitedHealth has indicated it will cooperate with the investigation. It has yet to comment on what patient data may have been exposed by the attack.

Annual IC Threat Assessment Includes Warnings About Biotechnology, CBW

The Intelligence Community’s recently-released annual threat assessment included several sections dedicated to threats and challenges posed by advancing biotechnology and WMD proliferation. On biological weapons, the assessment explains “Russia, China, Iran, and North Korea probably maintain the capability to produce and use pathogens and toxins, and China and Russia have proven adept at manipulating the information space to reduce trust and confidence in countermeasures and U.S. biotechnology and research.”

It also outlines the potential for CW use to grow, explaining “The use of chemical weapons, particularly in situations other than state-on-state military operations, could increase in the near future. During the past decade, state and non-state actors have used chemical warfare agents in a range of scenarios, including the Syrian military’s use of chlorine and sarin against opposition groups and civilians, and North Korea’s and Russia’s use of chemical agents in targeted killings. More state actors could use chemicals in operations against dissidents, defectors, and other perceived enemies of the state; protestors under the guise of quelling domestic unrest; or against their own civilian or refugee populations.”

Finally, it identifies biotechnology and related biosecurity issues as key challenges (alongside AI) requiring cooperative global solutions. However, it notes such cooperation is harmed by authoritarian governments like those in China and Russia: “This competition also exploits technological advancements— such as AI, biotechnologies and related biosecurity, the development and production of microelectronics, and potential quantum developments—to gain stronger sway over worldwide narratives affecting the global geopolitical balance, including influence within it. The fields of AI and biotechnology, in particular, are rapidly advancing, and convergences among various fields of science and technology probably will result in further significant breakthroughs. The accelerating effects of climate change are placing more of the world’s population, particularly in low- and middleincome countries, at greater risk from extreme weather, food and water insecurity, and humanitarian disasters, fueling migration flows and increasing the risks of future pandemics as pathogens exploit the changing environment.”

More Than 90 Prominent Biologists, Other Scientists Sign Agreement Aiming to Mitigate AI Bioweapon Risk

The New York Times recently reported that “…over 90 biologists and other scientists who specialize in A.I. technologies used to design new proteins — the microscopic mechanisms that drive all creations in biology — have signed an agreement that seeks to ensure that their A.I.-aided research will move forward without exposing the world to serious harm.”

In their agreement, they explain “Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are creating unprecedented opportunities for life science research, including by enabling the design of functional biological molecules, especially proteins. This application of AI for protein design holds immense potential to enhance our understanding of the world and help address some of humanity’s most pressing challenges by enabling rapid responses to infectious disease outbreaks, curing numerous diseases, unlocking sustainable sources of energy, helping to mitigate climate change, and more.”

“As scientists engaged in this work, we believe the benefits of current AI technologies for protein design far outweigh the potential for harm and we would like to ensure our research remains beneficial for all going forward. Given anticipated advances in this field, a new proactive risk management approach may be required to mitigate the potential of developing AI technologies that could be misused, intentionally or otherwise, to cause harm. We are therefore motivated as a community to articulate a set of values and principles to guide the responsible development of AI technologies in the field of protein design. These values include safety, security, equity, international collaboration, openness, responsibility, and pursuing research for the benefit of society. Furthermore, we as signatories voluntarily agree to a set of specific, actionable commitments informed by these values and principles and outlined here. We will work together with global stakeholders across academia, governments, civil society, and the private sector to ensure that this technology develops in a responsible and trustworthy manner and that it is safe, secure, and beneficial for all.”‘

Read more here.

“Hidden in Plain Sight: the Next Biosecurity Threat”

This commentary piece was co-authored by Biodefense PhD Program alumnus Daniel M Gerstein. In it, Gerstein and his co-authors tackle key challenges in enforcing the International Health Regulations, comparing global responses to China’s delayed notification of the emergence of COVID-19 to the WHO with South Africa’s prompt notification of the emergence of the Omicron variant. They write in part, “The message is now clear: Keep quiet as long as possible to keep your hotels and beaches full, trade going and air travel open. There will be no penalty if you delay reporting. There will be no penalty if you refuse or delay access to the WHO or other specialists….In Geneva, Switzerland, negotiations on a global pandemic preparedness treaty stalled where they were predicted to stall: who gives what to whom and for how much?”

“If an international agreement does progress, to be effective it must “have teeth, but they rarely do,” commented the executive director of the American Public Health Association. If Geneva produced any agreement, the United States could be a party only with Senate ratification. The likelihood of that level of bipartisan cooperation is (charitably) remote.”‘

“Learnings from COVID-19 for Future Respiratory Pathogen Pandemic Preparedness: A Summary of the Literature”

From WHO: “A scoping literature review of learnings from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was commissioned by WHO to inform operational priorities for future respiratory pathogen pandemic preparedness. The learnings are grouped according to WHO’s subsystems for health emergency preparedness, response and resilience. Key takeaway messages include: 1) Preparedness works; 2) Health is everyone’s business; 3) No one is safe until everyone is safe; and 4) Response must be agile and adaptive. The review will support pandemic planners at all levels to develop and update preparedness and response plans.

“The COVID-19 Pandemic at Year Four: The Imperative for Global Health Solidarity”

Syra Madad recently authored this blog post for the New York Academy of Sciences, writing in part “This month marks a solemn milestone: the four-year anniversary of the COVID-19 pandemic declaration by the World Health Organization. During this period, the virus has caused the deaths of over seven million individuals globally—a figure that is vastly undercounted, with actual losses likely two to three times higher. This number also includes over one million COVID-19 deaths in the United States alone. A recent analysis of excess mortality in the U.S., which provides an estimation of deaths that likely would not have occurred under normal, non-pandemic conditions, has found that in the first two years of the pandemic many of the excess deaths that were attributed to natural causes were actually uncounted COVID-19 deaths. This points to a significant underestimation of the pandemic’s true death toll, let alone the impact on livelihoods and disability caused by this virus.”

“Mixed Thoughts on Chances of a New Pandemic”

Statista’s Anna Fleck recently authored this piece rocused on public perceptions of the chances of a new pandemic emerging. It covers the results of a survey, with the results displayed in this chart:

“Banning Gain-of-Function Research Would Do Far More Harm Than Good”

Judy Minkoff tackles the debate over a recently-passed House bill that aims to halt federal funding for all research involving gain of function work in this piece for MedPage Today. She writes in her introduction “The Republican-controlled House of Representatives recently approved an amendmentopens in a new tab or window to the 2024 House spending billopens in a new tab or window that prohibits federal funding for all gain-of-function (GoF) research — that which endows a pathogen with a new or enhanced property. Many scientists are hopeful that the bill will fail in the Democratic-controlled Senate, but if this vaguely-worded provision becomes law, it could halt research pertaining to a wide variety of public concerns, including gene therapy, cancer treatment, and pandemic preparedness.”

“Congressional attacks on science extend beyond this amendment. House Republicans, holding a majority in the Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemicopens in a new tab or window, have skewed the narrative on COVID-19 toward an unsupported link with GoF research, citing communications between government officials and the authors of a controversial scientific publicationopens in a new tab or window as proof of a conspiracyopens in a new tab or window to suppress the lab origin theory. Rather than leveraging their authority to foster balanced discussion among experts in an effort to learn from the pandemic, the subcommittee has engaged in months of hearings on this single topic.”

“The Joint Assessment Mechanism: Discerning the Source of High-Consequence Biological Events of Unknown Origin”

A new white paper from NTI: “The white paper, which reflects several rounds of consultations with an international group of technical and policy experts, diplomats, and other key stakeholders in the field of pandemic preparedness, provides an in-depth argument for establishing the JAM to fill the critical gap among existing UN mechanisms and entities. The paper suggests that the JAM should be based within the Office of the UN Secretary General—serving as an interface between the World Health Organization (WHO), the UN Secretary-General’s Mechanism, and other key stakeholders—where it can provide an ongoing baseline assessment of current biological risks.”

“Bioliteracy for the Age of Biology”

From the National Security Commission on Emerging Biotechnology: ‘“Bioliteracy” is the concept of imbuing people, personnel, or teams with an understanding of — and ability to engage with — biology and biotechnology. The Commission believes that all Americans—including policymakers in the U.S. Government, students at all levels of education, current and future biotechnology workers, and the broader public—should one day be as comfortable using and engaging with biotechnology in the same way that they do with computers and software in their daily lives and within society.”

“Increased bioliteracy across all segments of the population will help Americans realize the potential of a robust U.S. biotechnology ecosystem that maximizes the promises of biotechnology for the benefit of all citizens.”

Read more here.

“The Viral Most Wanted-The Filoviruses”

CEPI’s latest installment of the Viral Most Wanted tackles the filoviruses. Its exciting introduction explains: “Dr Jean-Jacques Muyembe was a newly-qualified microbiologist working as a field epidemiologist when he got a call in 1976 to help investigate an outbreak. A pernicious disease had taken hold in the village of Yambuku in central Zaire, now the Democratic Republic of Congo. People were dying in large numbers of the infection – one that appeared at first to be like malaria or typhoid or yellow fever, but was clearly something even worse.”

“Muyembe knew that some of the Belgian nuns working in the village had been vaccinated against yellow fever and typhoid, yet this infection was easily flooring those defences. It was a swift and gruesome new killer.”

“Reflecting on his experience with these first few patients, Muyembe said the most striking thing was when he drew blood from them. Removing the syringe and needle, he found that the tiny puncture hole would continue to gush blood. It was the first time he’d seen such a thing, he recalled, and he knew it was an ominous sign.” 

“After asking one of the infected nuns to fly back with him to Kinshasa, Muyembe took blood samples from her and sent them to Belgium for testing. The analysis that followed produced a shocking result. The blood of the nun, who by now had been killed by the disease, was infected with a virus that caused an acute haemorrhagic fever – one that scientists now describe as “one of the most lethal infections you can think of”.”  

“The pathogen swiftly became known as Ebolavirus after the river that runs near Yambuku where it infected the villagers and the nuns. It was also swiftly recognised as a member of the Filovirus family – one of The Viral Most Wanted.“

“Response is Failure in the Primary Mission of Preventing CBW”

JP Zanders recently published this piece on The Trench: “The Global Partnership against the Spread of Materials and Weapons of Mass Destruction has now been around for over two decades. In the wake of the terrorist attacks against the US in September 2001, it started out as an effort to mobilise the resources of the G8 members to prevent terrorist acquisition of nuclear, biological and chemical weapons, and related materials. The weapons, technologies and skills available from the former Soviet Union presented a significant proliferation risk, which the US was already addressing through the Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) programme.”

“Now comprising 31 members, the Global Partnership (GP) played a key role in assisting Russia with the destruction of its chemical weapons (CW) and dismantling the biological weapons (BW) infrastructure in other former Soviet states. Since then, it has expanded its mission of preventing the re-emergence of BW and CW to different parts of the world and tackles multiple types of proliferation threats. Among the latest is Russia’s massive disinformation campaign against the collective threat reduction activities in former Soviet republics to justify the invasion of Ukraine and interference in other countries.”

“To discuss the GP’s past and present work and the response to the latest challenges, I interviewed Trevor Smith, Senior Program Manager of the Biological and Chemical Security Weapons Threat Reduction Program run by Global Affairs Canada. The interview took place on 31 January 2024.”

“Flashback: When Nerve Gas Testing Killed 7,000 Sheep Near Dugway in Utah”

This Axios SLC Old News piece discusses the deaths of more than 7,000 sheep thirty miles away from the US Army’s Dugway Proving Grounds in 1968. “The Army confirmed in a 1978 report — which wasn’t publicly released until the Salt Lake Tribune obtained it 20 years later — that “incontrovertible” evidence showed VX was to blame.”

In 2018, Al Mauroni published this article with the Modern War Institute discussing this incident and its implications, writing in part “Politics and perception had essentially overwhelmed science and reason. This probably wasn’t the first time that this had happened, nor would it be the last. The point of this narrative, other than as a historical observation, is to reflect on what this has done to the preparedness of US military forces today. Yes, the United States no longer has a chemical weapons program. Yes, there is a Chemical Weapons Convention that nearly all nations of the world have signed, effectively eliminating chemical weapons as a future tool of warfare—we hope. North Korea is a particular exception to that treaty, and most assumptions are that, if North Korea goes to war against South Korea, it will use thousands of tons of chemical warfare agents against US forces. Are we confident that our forces have the necessary gear to protect themselves and sustain combat operations in such an environment? And do we have plans for how US military bases and ports will recover after being attacked with chemical weapons?”

“COLUMN: Which Terrorist Organization Suffers More Casualties in Its Attacks? Al Qaeda, ISIS, Hamas, or Iran-backed Militia Groups?”

Schar School associate professor Mahmut Cengiz recently published this commentary piece with Homeland Security Today, explaining in his introduction “Despite being a top priority on government agendas for the past few decades, it appears that no counterterrorism policies have been successful in combatting terrorist groups. Thousands of terrorist attacks and fatalities are still being recorded each year by terrorism databases. For instance, in 2023, the Global Terrorism and Trends Analysis Center (GTTAC) Records of Incidents Database (GRID) documented 7,480 terrorist attacks that led to the death of 23,119 individuals.”

What We’re Listening To 🎧

Poisons and Pestilence, 24 Movie Special: Outbreak and Contagion with Saskia Popescu

“In our first ever movie review special, Dr Saskia Popescu reviews the classics Contagion (2011) and Outbreak (1995)…”

NEW: Addressing the Challenges Posed by Chemical and Biological Weapons: Intensive Online Introductory Course for Students of Technical Disciplines

“SIPRI and the European Union Non-Proliferation and Disarmament Consortium (EUNPDC) invite graduate and postgraduate students of the technical or natural science disciplines to apply for an intensive online introductory course on chemical and biological weapons—their proliferation, the efforts to eliminate them, the various mechanisms used to control their spread—and endeavours underway to reduce the risk of chemical or biological agents in terrorist attacks. The course will take place online, during four half-days on 28–31 May 2024, 14:00 to 18:00 Central European Summer Time (CEST).”

“The course will cover the fundamentals of chemical and biological weapons as well as of missiles and other means of delivery; the history of chemical and biological warfare; the evolution of international norms against these weapons; the threats associated with potential terrorist uses of chemical and biological material; bioweapons and other related scientific advances; the current challenges posed by chemical weapons; arms control treaties; and mechanisms to curb the spread of dangerous substances, including export controls.”

“The course will also discuss the role of the EU institutions and industry to address the challenges mentioned above. The course will be instructed by renowned experts on non-proliferation, arms control, disarmament, export controls, verification and related subjects from SIPRI, other European research centres, think tanks and international organizations.”

Learn more and apply here.

Artificial Intelligence and Automated Laboratories for Biotechnology: Leveraging Opportunities and Mitigating Risks

From the National Academies’ Board on Life Sciences: “Please join us April 3-4, 2024 for a hybrid workshop on the opportunities and mitigation of risks of the use of artificial intelligence and automated laboratories (i.e., self-driving labs) for biotechnology.”

“The workshop will consider opportunities to leverage AI and laboratory automation capabilities for discovery and development, explore methods and approaches to identify, track, and forecast the domestic and international development of such technologies, and convene experts across sectors to highlight recent advances and explore implications for the development and use of these technologies.”

Learn more and register here.

Launch of the 2024 National Blueprint on Biodefense

From the Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense: “On the 10th anniversary of its inception, the Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense will release its 2024 National Blueprint on Biodefense: Immediate Action Needed to Defend Against Biological Threats.”

“Please join us for this momentous event at the Congressional Auditorium, Capitol Visitor Center, on April 17th at 4:30pm.”

“The Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense (formerly the Blue Ribbon Study Panel on Biodefense) was established in 2014 to provide a comprehensive assessment of the state of United States biodefense efforts and to issue recommendations that foster change.  Subsequently, the Commission has briefed White House Administrations (including then Vice President Biden); testified before Congress; convened numerous meetings with experts; released 12 reports; produced the graphic novel Germ Warfare; and mobilized biodefense conversations and actions in the private and public sectors.”

Learn more and register here.

Registration for GHS 2024 Now Open

Registration is now open for the Global Health Security 2024 conference in Sydney, Australia. This iteration will take place 18-21 June, 2024. The call for abstracts is also still open. “The mission of the Global Health Security conference is to provide a forum where leaders, researchers, policy-makers, and representatives from government, international organisations, civil society, and private industry from around the world can engage with each other, review the latest research and policy innovations, and agree solutions for making the world safer and healthier. To that end, our mission is to help foster a genuinely multidisciplinary community of practice that is committed to working collaboratively to enhance global health security and eliminate disease, irrespective of its origin or source.”

SBA.3 International Synthetic Biology, and Biosecurity Conference in Africa

“Join us for the SBA.3 International Synthetic Biology and Biosecurity Conference in Africa, a groundbreaking event that brings together experts, researchers, and enthusiasts in the field of synthetic biology. This in-person conference will take place at the Laico Regency Hotel from Wed, Jul 17, 2024 to Friday, Jul 19, 2024.”

“Get ready to dive into the exciting world of synthetic biology and explore its potential applications in Africa. From cutting-edge research to innovative solutions, this conference offers a unique opportunity to learn, network, and collaborate with like-minded individuals.”

“Discover the latest advancements, trends, and challenges in synthetic biology through engaging keynote speeches, interactive workshops, and thought-provoking panel discussions. Immerse yourself in a vibrant atmosphere where ideas flow freely and new connections are made.”

“Whether you’re a seasoned professional or just starting your journey in synthetic biology, this conference provides a platform to expand your knowledge, exchange ideas, and contribute to the growth of the field in Africa.”

“Don’t miss out on this extraordinary event that promises to shape the future of synthetic biology and biosecurity in Africa. Mark your calendars and join us at the SBA.3 International Synthetic Biology and Biosecurity Conference in Africa!”

Learn more and register here.

Eighth Annual Next Generation for Biosecurity Competition Open for Applications

“The Eighth Annual Next Generation for Biosecurity Competition is now open. NTI | bio hosts this competition to provide a platform for the next generation of global leaders in biosecurity to develop original concepts and share them with the wider biosecurity community. This year’s co-sponsors include 80,000 Hours, the Global Health Security Network, the iGEM Foundation, the International Federation of Biosafety Associations, the Next Generation Global Health Security Network, Pandemic Action Network, SynBio Africa, and Women of Color Advancing Peace, Security, and Conflict Transformation.“

“This year, the competition invites innovative and creative papers focused on how investments in biosecurity can both contribute to a more equitable society and reduce biological risks. The full prompt is provided below.”

“Winners of the Biosecurity Competition will be awarded the following:

  • Online publication of their paper on the NTI website
  • The opportunity to attend a high-profile international biosecurity event, such as the Biological Weapons Convention, and present their paper at a prestigious side event.”

Learn more here.

Apply for the 2024 Youth for Biosecurity Fellowship

“The global norm against biological weapons cannot be maintained without youth voices  being  included  in the multilateral discussions taking place in the framework of the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC). Youth perspectives are key to create innovative solutions and generate long-term engagement. There are particular benefits to including the perspectives of young people from developing countries, where most of the world’s youth is concentrated.”

“Organized by the United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs in Geneva in partnership with key international actors empowering youth in science diplomacy and global biosecurity, the Youth for Biosecurity Fellowship provides a unique learning and networking experience into multilateral discussions taking place in the framework of the Biological Weapons Convention in Geneva.”

“Launched in 2019 as a Biosecurity Diplomacy Workshop, the Youth for Biosecurity Initiative organized its first fellowship in 2023. For the second edition, the fellowship will provide the opportunity for 20 young scientists from the Global South to join an online interactive training programme prior to a field visit during the meeting of the BWC Working Group on the Strengthening of the Convention in Geneva.”

Learn more here.

WHO Launches a Mobile App for Biosafety Risk Assessment

“WHO has launched the Risk Assessment Tool (RAST) for Biosafety and Laboratory Biosecurity, developed to help with laboratory risk assessment. Laboratory workers are reported to be up to 1000 times more vulnerable to infections compared to the general population.”

“RAST is designed to complement the WHO Laboratory biosafety manual’s (LBM4) risk- and evidence-based approach. It reflects the first two steps of the risk assessment framework outlined in the LBM4: gather information and evaluate the risks. The app aims to increase understanding of hazards and risks, and to promote thorough assessment and adherence to biological safety practices for laboratory staff.”

Learn more here.

Pandora Report 3.9.2024

by dkellogg97, posted in Pandora Report

This week’s edition covers a recently-released CSIS intelligence assessment discussing the firing of infectious disease laboratory scientists accused of sharing sensitive information with the PRC, ongoing challenges in the aftermath of the cyberattack on Change Health, the Biden administration’s recent efforts to protect sensitive information about Americans from adversarial foreign countries, and more.

Biodefense PhD Program Alumnus Joins Institute of National Security Strategy

​”Dr. HyunJung (Henry) Kim, Biodefense PhD ’21, recently joined the Institute of National Security Strategy (INSS), the premier national think-tank in South Korea supporting the South Korean government with policy proposals for diplomacy, national security, and unification. Dr. Kim is a research fellow in the Department of Emerging Security Studies at the INSS. Before entering INSS, he was a research professor at Yonsei University in South Korea. Dr. Kim’s latest publication (in Korean) is “National Security in the Digital-Biological Era as Seen Through the U.S. Biosecure Act,” INSS Issue Brief No. 516 (February 2024).”

Canadian Security Intelligence Service Says Fired Winnipeg Scientists Intentionally Shared Scientific Information With China

The Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) recently released an intelligence assessment and other documents pertaining to the 2019 firing of Xiangguo Qiu and her husband Keding Chen, former scientists with Canada’s top infectiouse disease laboratory. The CBC explains that “The documents show the service had a more rosy initial assessment of Qiu’s motivation, noting in spring of 2020 that she could be “susceptible … based on the belief in the power of science to help humanity…” “But as the investigation went deeper, CSIS’s concerns deepened. A few months later, CSIS wrote Qiu was using the level 4 lab in Canada “as a base to assist China to improve its capability to fight highly-pathogenic pathogens” and “achieved brilliant results…”Qiu provided Beijing “with the Ebola genetic sequence, which opened a door of convenience for China,” wrote CSIS.”

Qiu is accused by CSIS of involvement with multiple talent programs administered by organizations affiliated with the PRC government. “Those programs are set up to “boost China’s national technological capabilities and may pose a serious threat to research institutions, including government research facilities, by incentivizing economic espionage and theft of intellectual property,” said CSIS in the report.”

CSIS further cautioned that reinstating Qiu would put Canadians’ health in jeopardy.

Healthcare Providers Face Long Waits for Reimbursements Following Cyber Attack on UnitedHealth

Weeks after a cyber attack targeted UnitedHealth Group’s subsidiary, Change Healthcare, many hospitals, doctors, and clinics are now stuck waiting weeks for remibursements. Change, the nation’s largest billing and payment clearing house, said it would take at least another two weeks before it could resume a steady flow of payments, leaving many providers cash-strapped. Worse yet, many processors, including California’s Noridian Healthcare Solutions, are refusing to accept paper claims, though those can take up to six months to result in provider payments.

HHS said in its statement about the attack, “This incident is a reminder of the interconnectedness of the domestic health care ecosystem and of the urgency of strengthening cybersecurity resiliency across the ecosystem. That’s why, in December 2023, HHS released a concept paper that outlines the Department’s cybersecurity strategy for the sector. The concept paper builds on the National Cybersecurity Strategy that President Biden released last year, focusing specifically on strengthening resilience for hospitals, patients, and communities threatened by cyber-attacks. The paper details four pillars for action, including publishing new voluntary health care-specific cybersecurity performance goals, working with Congress to develop supports and incentives for domestic hospitals to improve cybersecurity, increasing accountability within the health care sector, and enhancing coordination through a one-stop shop.”

Related: “HSCC Issues Cyber ‘Call to Action’ Plan for Health Sector”

Ukraine Reports “Startling Spike” in Russian Chemical Weapons Use

25% of all Russia CW used against Ukraine in the last two years were used in February 2024, according to the Ukranian military. As the Kyiv Post explains, “An early, possible indicator of Russian chemical weapon use against Ukrainian troops came on Nov. 15, when the independent military information platform DeepState reported Moscow’s forces had hit defenders in the northeastern Sviatisky and  southeastern Bakhmut sectors with an unidentified weapon deploying the chloropicrin, a chemical widely used in tear gas weapons during World War I. The report was widely repeated in Ukrainian media but never independently confirmed.”

“According to Ukrainian army briefing materials published on Jan. 25, Russian forces at the start of 2024 expanded use of toxic gas grenades dropped by hobby drones, almost always quadcopters, and started using a new grenade designed to pump out gas at a pre-set altitude above the ground.”

The same article later explains “Russia has accused Ukraine repeatedly of using chemical weapons. On Tuesday, in comments by the Kremlin-run media platform Izvestiya Kirill Lysogorskiy, Deputy Head of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation, was quoted as stating Ukrainian forces target Russian troops and civilians in occupied territories with chemical weapons.”

Read more here.

President Biden Issues Executive Order Aimed at Protecting Americans’ Sensitive Personal Data from Foreign Countries, Especially China

President Biden recently issued an executive order “…which marks the most significant executive action any President has ever taken to protect Americans’ data security, authorizes the Attorney General to prevent the large-scale transfer of Americans’ personal data to countries of concern and provides safeguards around other activities that can give those countries access to Americans’ sensitive data.”

According to the White House’s press statement on the EO, “The President’s Executive Order focuses on Americans’ most personal and sensitive information, including genomic data, biometric data, personal health data, geolocation data, financial data, and certain kinds of personally identifiable information. Bad actors can use this data to track Americans (including military service members), pry into their personal lives, and pass that data on to other data brokers and foreign intelligence services. This data can enable intrusive surveillance, scams, blackmail, and other violations of privacy.”

“Companies are collecting more of Americans’ data than ever before, and it is often legally sold and resold through data brokers. Commercial data brokers and other companies can sell this data to countries of concern, or entities controlled by those countries, and it can land in the hands of foreign intelligence services, militaries, or companies controlled by foreign governments.”

“The sale of Americans’ data raises significant privacy, counterintelligence, blackmail risks and other national security risks—especially for those in the military or national security community.  Countries of concern can also access Americans’ sensitive personal data to collect information on activists, academics, journalists, dissidents, political figures, and members of non-governmental organizations and marginalized communities to intimidate opponents of countries of concern, curb dissent, and limit Americans’ freedom of expression and other civil liberties.”

Following years of concerns voiced by federal officials about data brokers and hackers gaining access to information like geolocation, genomic, and other sensitive data about Americans on behalf of countries like Russia and China, this order is designed to stem these information flows. The Washington Post‘s article on the order explains the severity of these risks briefly: “China’s siphoning of tens of millions of Americans’ data, whether through hacking or the purchasing of companies, has long been of concern to U.S. officials. A massive Chinese cyber breach of federal personnel records discovered in 2014 and of Marriott Hotels’ database a few years later, merged with existing intelligence and commercially available information, prompted worry that Beijing — and, to a certain extent, Moscow — was building an ability to track individuals, including undercover CIA officers.”

A Framework for Tomorrow’s Pathogen Research: Final Report

This report covers the findings of the Pathogens Project, a task force created by the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists and “composed of globally recognized experts to generate new thinking on research with pandemic risk.” The report’s summary explains that “The Task Force’s report discusses the potential benefits of virology research and outlines how advances in science and technology may increase certain benefits. It then focuses on some of the potential risks of virology research, including biosafety and biosecurity, and outlines how advances in science and technology may increase some of these risks. The Task Force also examined ethical obligations to make research with pandemic risks more safe, secure, and responsible, suggesting actionable and sustainable strategies to effectively maximize the potential benefits and mitigate the foreseeable potential harms of research with known or potential pandemic pathogens, while attending to issues of equity and proportionality. The report argues for empirical studies on biosafety and biosecurity to make research with pandemic risks more safe, secure, and responsible. It also reviews the contemporary governance space for research with known or potential pandemic pathogens and argues that effective legislation, regulations, policies, and guidelines specifically regulating such research will strengthen the scientific enterprise and should be put in place and implemented without delay. It discusses challenges in building and sustaining trust in science in general and research with pandemic risks more specifically. Finally, the Task Force has issued several recommendations.”

Bonus: Read Science News’ discussion of the report here.

“How the Biological Weapons Convention Could Verify Treaty Compliance”

James Revill recently published this piece with the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, discussing the Ninth BWC Review Conference and how the BWC can improve treaty compliance verification: “Despite the challenging geostrategic context, the group engaged in a constructive dialogue over three days in December 2023, managing to move beyond the impasse around the failed verification protocol negotiations decades ago that stymied discussion on verification and compliance ever since. Moreover, the group recognized significant scientific and technological developments, including new open source verification opportunities and microbial forensic techniques that weren’t available in the late 1990s and early 2000s, but may be now. But there remains a gap between what is technically possible in terms of verifying that countries are in compliance with the treaty, and what BWC member states view as politically feasible and financially acceptable.”

“Comparing Sampling Strategies for Early Detection of Stealth Biothreats”

Will Bradshaw and Simon Grimm recently authored this explainer on the Nucleic Acid Observatory and its goals, explaining in their introduction: “The NAO’s fundamental mission is to ensure that humanity can reliably detect stealth pandemics as soon as possible. To achieve this, we need to implement a monitoring system capable of reliably detecting novel outbreaks even in the absence of a strong clinical signal. Such a system could be based on a wide range of possible sampling strategies, including both those that collect material from individuals (individual sampling) and those that collect it from the human environment (environmental sampling). Different sampling strategies differ in key properties, including detection capability, cost, and credibility to those with the power to initiate an effective response to detection.”

“The detection capability of a sampling strategy depends on both the size and composition of its catchment (the population of individuals contributing material to the sample) and the microbial composition of the resulting samples. How these affect detection depends in turn on the methods used to analyze the resulting sequencing data, which can be divided into static detection (which detect potential threats based on nucleic-acid sequence features) and dynamic detection (which detect potential threats based on suspicious temporal patterns of sequence abundance). Dynamic detection methods are typically more vulnerable to noise arising from temporal variability in catchment and microbial composition, and hence benefit more from large, consistent catchments and stable microbial communities with high pathogen abundance.”

“Major costs associated with biosurveillance include those associated with gaining and maintaining approval; sample collection; sample processing; metagenomic sequencing; and computational analysis. The cost of a given sampling strategy will depend in many ways on its scale, in terms of the size of the catchment sampled; the geographic area covered;  the temporal density of sampling; and the degree of sequencing effort. In general, individual sampling approaches will exhibit a steeper increase in costs as scale increases, due to the need to collect and process rapidly increasing numbers of individual samples. Conversely, environmental sampling approaches will typically exhibit flatter financial and personnel costs with increasing scale, at the cost of decreasing per-person sensitivity. Environmental sampling strategies also seem likely to incur substantially lower regulatory burdens than individual strategies that involve collecting and handling individually identifiable medical information.”

“Finally, in addition to detection capability and cost, sampling strategies differ in their ability to enable and motivate an effective response to a novel outbreak. In general, sampling strategies with smaller catchments will provide more actionable information to policymakers when it comes to targeted responses (e.g. contact tracing and isolation). Sampling strategies that provide identifiable cases and affected constituencies may also prove more effective at motivating a response from policymakers with strong political incentives to avoid drastic interventions. However, sampling strategies that might struggle to enable and motivate an immediate targeted response can still provide scientists and policymakers with invaluable situational awareness about pathogen distribution, prevalence and spread. Overall, a multi-tiered approach, in which large-catchment surveillance triggers more targeted monitoring when signs of an outbreak are found, may prove most effective at balancing competing needs for sensitivity, credibility, and cost-effectiveness.”

“Biotech Matters: Automated Scientists Will Power Tomorrow’s Bioeconomy”

David A. Markowitz recently authored this piece for CNAS, writing in part “Twenty years ago, it was barely plausible that soon every person on Earth would have a supercomputer in their pocket with ready access to the world’s information. Even though mobile phones were pervasive in the United States—itself a technological revolution—the number of advances needed for the smartphone revolution to occur made this seem impossible, until suddenly, it felt inevitable. History doesn’t repeat itself, but it often rhymes. Today, biotechnology is pervasive in the United States, already playing a significant role in agriculture and healthcare and enabling new domestic supply chains to support manufacturing and other sectors of the economy.1 The growth of today’s bioeconomy was hard won, built on decades of steady research and development (R&D) and gradual market adoption. Given that gradual rate of progress, it’s difficult to imagine biotechnology may soon have its own “smartphone moment.” But that moment is right around the corner. How the United States responds to this technology shift will have profound consequences for its economy and national security.”

“Smallpox is Still a Threat to America, 40 Years After Its Eradication”

Tom Daschle and Fred Upton recently published this opinion piece in The Hill, writing in part “So why then is there mounting concern about the reemergence of smallpox today? We need no longer worry about smallpox circulating naturally, but it remains a dangerous threat as a biological weapon — particularly now that the global population is no longer routinely immunized. As a result of this threat, vaccines, antivirals and diagnostic tests for smallpox continue to be developed and stockpiled in the U.S. and around the world. But we believe our country can, and must, do better.”

“Progress Deferred: Lessons From mRNA Vaccine Development”

Tim Hwang recently authored this piece for IFP, writing in its introduction: “Much of the fundamental groundwork needed to make mRNA vaccines a practical reality had been available years before it was used to fight COVID-19. That Operation Warp Speed was able to quickly resolve many issues of vaccine design and manufacturing within months is indicative. It suggests that the primary limitation to achieving mRNA vaccines was resourcing, rather than fundamental barriers of understanding or technology.”

“This paper reckons with this incongruity: post hoc, mRNA vaccines were clearly a major breakthrough. But for a long period, investigators like Karikó and Weissman and startups like Moderna and BioNTech languished in relative obscurity. Why were mRNA vaccines not developed and made practical for use significantly earlier?”

“Anonymous Answers: What Are the Biggest Misconceptions About Biosecurity and Pandemic Risk?”

Anemone Franz and Tessa Alexanian recently discussed common misconceptions and mistakes several experts identified as common in the field of biosecurity, “…particularly as it realtes to people working on global catastrophic risks and in the effective altruism community.” Read more here.

“Are U.S. Health Agencies Prepared for the Next Pandemic? It’s Entirely Unclear”

Randall Lutter recently authored this issue brief for the Manhattan Institute: “This issue brief will discuss the measures that U.S. federal health agencies are taking—or, more accurately, not taking—to prepare for the next pandemic, and evaluate whether the funds reserved for pandemic preparedness are being effectively used. It is in the national interest to reauthorize PAHPA, but Congress must demand that federal agencies adopt and implement quantifiable measures of preparedness.”

“The National Security Rationale for Stockpiling Key Pharmaceutical Ingredients”

Vic Suarez recently published this briefer for CSR’s Nolan Center, arguing that stockpiling key pharmaceutical ingredients is necessary for the US because:

  • “Critical commodity which could undermine the nation’s healthcare system and national defense mobilization and sustainment capabilities during geopolitical tensions.”
  • “Depending on the nation’s pacing military threat and largest economic competitor for these materials is a significant security threat.”
  • “Key Starting Materials (KSM) and Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) stockpiles in the US would provide strategic flexibility and agility and can be stored for many more years than finished pharmaceutical products. They also can cover a broad spectrum of finished products further up the supply chain.”
  • “The US government has a long history of stockpiling materials deemed essential for national security.”
  • “Pharmaceutical ingredient stockpiles can provide a solid foundation to stabilize the economy, advance the continuity of high-quality patient care and long-term health outcomes, and provide essential predictability to patients, government and first responder actors, and the pharmaceutical and healthcare industries.”

2024 AMR Preparedness Index Progress Report

Recently, “the Global Coalition on Aging (GCOA) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) launched the 2024 AMR Preparedness Index Progress Report. Released in the lead up to the United Nations General Assembly 2024 High-level Meeting on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) this September, the 2024 Progress Report assesses how the eleven largest global economies have advanced on calls to action laid out in the 2021 AMR Preparedness Index. The 2021 Index examined over 100 metrics to evaluate and rank countries’ performance against AMR and establish benchmarks for policy action and leadership.”

“Each year, nearly 5 million deaths are associated with AMR, with disproportionate impact on low-and middle-income countries. Without the creation of innovative and novel antimicrobials, growing resistance to our existing drugs threatens our ability to perform even routine medical care. AMR is a significant barrier to health system sustainability and public health, including healthy aging. It is also an economic challenge – without correcting course on AMR, the World Bank estimates that AMR could cost the global economy as much as $3.4 trillion USD annually by 2023.”

“The 2024 Progress Report assessed the same eleven countries as the 2021 Index: Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, South Korea, the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States (US). The UK maintained its position as the global leader in the fight against AMR, and many of the countries showed promising progress in many areas, but there is still greater action and targeted investment needed across all countries evaluated, particularly to revive the floundering pipeline of novel antibiotics.”

“New Building in Hamhung Area: North Korea’s Chemical Facilities: Site Profile 2”

This new piece from RUSI discusses a new building identified in North Korea’s Hamhung Area that is potentially linked to the DPRK CW program: “The production or storage of chemical warfare agents in this building has not been determined, but the building’s construction and layout, associated facilities and proximity to industrial chemical production facilities make it a site of particular interest. These nearby chemical production facilities include the Hungnam Fertiliser Complex and the 8th February Vinalon Complex, which between them handle or produce several industrial chemicals that could be used as precursors or intermediates in the production of chemical warfare agents.”

“The Chemical Weapons Convention After Its Fifth Review Conference: Key Issues for the European Union”

Alexander Ghionis and Alexander Kelle recently published this article with the EU Non-Proliferation and Disarmament Consortium: “This paper analyses key issues for the European Union (EU) regarding the 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) after the 2023 Fifth Review Conference. It reviews the EU’s longstanding support to strengthen CWC implementation across five areas: upholding the norm against chemical weapons use; adapting the verification regime; capacity building; organizational governance; and external engagement. The paper then identifies specific challenges and opportunities post-review conference in these priority areas and provides targeted recommendations for the EU to leverage its influence and resources through diplomatic pressure, funding instruments, partnerships and reform advocacy. The paper argues that the EU can play an enhanced role to address polarization, deliver accountability for violations and strengthen the impact of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons’ implementation support. Creative and determined EU efforts are essential to revitalize norms, build capacity, enable organizational change/evolution and strengthen partnerships for more effective CWC implementation.”

“The US Has Lost a Critical Tool for Handling Chemical Emergencies–Let’s Get It Back”

Nitin Natarajan recently published this opinion piece in The Hill discussing the expiration of CFATS. They write in part “Thanks to the efforts of CISA employees and the partnership of the chemical industry that it regulated, the CFATS program was a huge success. Chemical security inspectors conducted an average of 160 site inspections per month across the nation, and more than one in three of those inspections led to security improvements. Critically, the program also provided a mechanism to conduct background checks — including screening for links to terrorists — on employees, contractors, and visitors who have access to these chemicals within these facilities. Absent the program, we remain unable to vet the average of 300 new names per day to determine whether these individuals have ties to terrorists.”

“Restoring National Chemical Security Program Vital to Combating Terrorism”

From the American Chemistry Council: “According to a new survey report released by the American Chemistry Council (ACC), the country lost valuable tools to fight terrorism and secure chemical facilities when Congress allowed the Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards (CFATS) to expire last July…The chemical industry manufactures products that are vital to the everyday health and well-being of our nation, which is why Congress directed the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) in 2006 to create CFATS to help protect the chemical sector…After delivering solid results for almost two decades Congress failed to pass legislation to reauthorize CFATS. ACC conducted a survey of member companies to better understand the concerns and impacts regarding the expiration of CFATS.”

Read more here.

“A Framework to Evaluate the Risks of LLMs for Assisting CBRN Production Processes”

Ian Stewart recently authored this paper for CNS’ Nonpro Notes series: “This paper examines how Large Language Models (LLMs) could contribute to the proliferation of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) weapons. A framework for examining the potential contribution of LLMs is presented. This framework identifies five areas of possible contribution, including brainstorming production processes, providing technical assistance, generating scripts or code for process simulation, aiding in designing relevant parts, and potentially linking to manufacturing services. It also outlines mitigation measures, distinguishing between built-in limitations of current LLMs and proactive strategies to prevent misuse. Finally, the paper underscores the importance of balancing the restriction of LLMs in CBRN applications with the preservation of their beneficial uses in advancing scientific research and development.”

“BOOK REVIEW: The Achilles Trap: Saddam Hussein, The CIA, and the Origins of America’s Invasion of Iraq”

Charles Duelfer recently published his review of Steve Coll’s recent book, Hide and Seek: The Search for Truth in Iraq, in the Cipher Brief. Duelfer writes in his intro, “This is the book I’ve been hoping for since completing the CIA’s Iraq Survey Group (ISG) mission in Iraq in 2004. Steve Coll has doggedly obtained documents and interviews to illuminate the Iraq perspective of events from the beginning to end of the Saddam Regime. He provides comparative perspectives—Iraq and U.S.—that yield understanding of the miscalculations producing three wars (four if you count ISIS post-Saddam).  Moreover, he does all this via an entertaining narrative featuring an array of fascinating characters.”

ICYMI-Regulating Risky Research: The Science and Governance of Pathogens of Pandemic Potential

“On February 21, AEI’s Center for Technology, Science, and Energy hosted an event on the science and governance of risky pathogen research. M. Anthony Mills of AEI introduced and moderated the first panel, featuring Marc Lipsitch of the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health and Gustavo Palacios of the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, who joined remotely. The panelists discussed different kinds of pathogen experiments and their risks and benefits, why scientists might want to pursue such experiments and the tradeoffs involved, what alternative approaches exist, and the ongoing need for definitional clarity in the debate.”

“Texas A&M University’s Gerald Parker introduced and moderated the second panel, featuring Greg McKelvey Jr. of the RAND Corporation, Alan Slobodin of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce, and Carrie D. Wolinetz of Lewis-Burke Associates. The panelists provided an overview of the regulations and policies that have governed biorisk management from the 1970s to the present, new challenges and opportunities posed by artificial intelligence technology, and current congressional oversight inquiries. Both panels concluded with an audience Q&A.”

Read the event summary and watch the recorded event here.

International Conference, CBRNE Research & Innovation

“The last 40 years have demonstrated that both military and civilian populations could be exposed to highly hazardous CBRNE agents following conflicts, natural outbreaks and disasters, industrial incidents or terrorist attacks.”

“Worldwide, researchers, responders and industrial capacities have been commited to provide adapted response to these challenges.”

“Building on the success of the first 5 International Conferences « CBRNE Research and Innovation » which took place in Antibes (2015), Lyon (2017), Nantes (2019), on line (2021) and Lille (2022), we want to give you a new opportunity to build up or strengthen collaborative networks in Strabourg (March 19th – 21rst 2024).”

“The CBRNE R&I Conference is specifically devoted to scientific updates, responders’ feedbacks and expression of needs. It also includes workshops and demonstrations of innovative materials, technologies and procedures, according to the following themes: DETECTION – IDENTIFICATION, PROTECTION – DECONTAMINATION, MEDICAL COUNTERMEASURES, RISKS & CRISIS MANAGEMENT.”

“Looking forward to your proposals for communication and to welcoming you at Strasbourg in March 2024!”

Learn more here.

Artificial Intelligence and Automated Laboratories for Biotechnology: Leveraging Opportunities and Mitigating Risks

From the National Academies’ Board on Life Sciences: “Please join us April 3-4, 2024 for a hybrid workshop on the opportunities and mitigation of risks of the use of artificial intelligence and automated laboratories (i.e., self-driving labs) for biotechnology.”

“The workshop will consider opportunities to leverage AI and laboratory automation capabilities for discovery and development, explore methods and approaches to identify, track, and forecast the domestic and international development of such technologies, and convene experts across sectors to highlight recent advances and explore implications for the development and use of these technologies.”

Learn more and register here.

Launch of the 2024 National Blueprint on Biodefense

From the Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense: “On the 10th anniversary of its inception, the Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense will release its 2024 National Blueprint on Biodefense: Immediate Action Needed to Defend Against Biological Threats.”

“Please join us for this momentous event at the Congressional Auditorium, Capitol Visitor Center, on April 17th at 4:30pm.”

“The Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense (formerly the Blue Ribbon Study Panel on Biodefense) was established in 2014 to provide a comprehensive assessment of the state of United States biodefense efforts and to issue recommendations that foster change.  Subsequently, the Commission has briefed White House Administrations (including then Vice President Biden); testified before Congress; convened numerous meetings with experts; released 12 reports; produced the graphic novel Germ Warfare; and mobilized biodefense conversations and actions in the private and public sectors.”

Learn more and register here.

Registration for GHS 2024 Now Open

Registration is now open for the Global Health Security 2024 conference in Sydney, Australia. This iteration will take place 18-21 June, 2024. The call for abstracts is also still open. “The mission of the Global Health Security conference is to provide a forum where leaders, researchers, policy-makers, and representatives from government, international organisations, civil society, and private industry from around the world can engage with each other, review the latest research and policy innovations, and agree solutions for making the world safer and healthier. To that end, our mission is to help foster a genuinely multidisciplinary community of practice that is committed to working collaboratively to enhance global health security and eliminate disease, irrespective of its origin or source.”

SBA.3 International Synthetic Biology, and Biosecurity Conference in Africa

“Join us for the SBA.3 International Synthetic Biology and Biosecurity Conference in Africa, a groundbreaking event that brings together experts, researchers, and enthusiasts in the field of synthetic biology. This in-person conference will take place at the Laico Regency Hotel from Wed, Jul 17, 2024 to Friday, Jul 19, 2024.”

“Get ready to dive into the exciting world of synthetic biology and explore its potential applications in Africa. From cutting-edge research to innovative solutions, this conference offers a unique opportunity to learn, network, and collaborate with like-minded individuals.”

“Discover the latest advancements, trends, and challenges in synthetic biology through engaging keynote speeches, interactive workshops, and thought-provoking panel discussions. Immerse yourself in a vibrant atmosphere where ideas flow freely and new connections are made.”

“Whether you’re a seasoned professional or just starting your journey in synthetic biology, this conference provides a platform to expand your knowledge, exchange ideas, and contribute to the growth of the field in Africa.”

“Don’t miss out on this extraordinary event that promises to shape the future of synthetic biology and biosecurity in Africa. Mark your calendars and join us at the SBA.3 International Synthetic Biology and Biosecurity Conference in Africa!”

Learn more and register here.

“Reintroducing the Saddam Hussein Regime Collection of the Conflict Records Research Center”

This post is from the Wilson Center: “Michael Brill introduces the new collection of documents, The Saddam Files. These records, donated by Steve Coll, are a subset of the materials once held at the Conflict Records Research Center.”

Pandora Report 2.23.2024

by dkellogg97, posted in Pandora Report

This edition covers recent nuclear material trafficking charges against yakuza leader Takeshi Ebisawa, a new collaboration between NIST and EBRC, new publications, upcoming events, a new professional opportunity, and an opportunity to participate in One Health-related research.

US Attorney Announces Nuclear Material Trafficking Charges Against Yakuza Leader

The US Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of New York announced this week charges against Takeshi Ebisawa, a Japanese national and yakuza leader, alleging that Ebisawa and his co-defendant (Somphop Singhasiri) trafficked nuclear materials from Burma to other countries, including Thailand. The materials include uranium and weapons-grade plutonium. According to the Department of Justice’s press release, Ebisawa was charged “…with conspiring with a network of associates to traffic nuclear materials from Burma to other countries.  In the course of this conspiracy, EBISAWA and his confederates showed samples of nuclear materials in Thailand to a DEA undercover agent (“UC-1”), who was posing as a narcotics and weapons trafficker.  With the assistance of Thai authorities, the nuclear samples were seized and subsequently transferred to the custody of U.S. law enforcement.  A U.S. nuclear forensic laboratory later analyzed the samples and confirmed that the samples contain uranium and weapons-grade plutonium.”

The statement later explained that “DEA Administrator Anne Milgram said: “As alleged, the defendants in this case trafficked in drugs, weapons, and nuclear material — going so far as to offer uranium and weapons-grade plutonium fully expecting that Iran would use it for nuclear weapons.  This is an extraordinary example of the depravity of drug traffickers who operate with total disregard for human life.  I commend the men and women of DEA and this prosecution team for their tireless work to protect us from such evil.”’

Furthermore, US Attorney Damian Williams said in a statement, “It is impossible to overstate the seriousness of the conduct alleged in today’s Indictment.  As alleged, Takeshi Ebisawa brazenly trafficked material containing uranium and weapons-grade plutonium from Burma to other countries.  He allegedly did so while believing that the material was going to be used in the development of a nuclear weapons program, and the weapons-grade plutonium he trafficked, if produced in sufficient quantities, could have been used for that purpose.  Even as he allegedly attempted to sell nuclear materials, Ebisawa also negotiated for the purchase of deadly weapons, including surface-to-air missiles.   I want to thank the career prosecutors of my Office and our law enforcement partners for their unwavering commitment to protecting our national security by ensuring that the defendant will now face justice in an American court.”’

NTI Launches International Biosecurity and Biosafety Initiative for Science

Last week, the Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI) Launched the International Biosecurity and Biosafety Initiative for Science (IBBIS), “a first-of-its-kind organization to strengthen international biosecurity governance.  IBBIS, an independent organization to be headquartered in Geneva, provides tools that will allow technological innovation to flourish, safely and responsibly.”

The organization explained in a press release, “Until now, there has been no organization solely dedicated to safeguarding the tools of modern bioscience and biotechnology from deliberate or accidental misuse. NTI identified this gap and worked with international partners to establish IBBIS and launch it today during an event on the margins of the Munich Security Conference. Piers Millett, Ph.D., serves as the inaugural executive director, and IBBIS has an international advisory group, which includes Nisreen AL-Hmoud from Jordan, Lela Bakanidze from Georgia, Rik Bleijs from the Netherlands, Luis Carrera from the United States, Genya Dana from the United States, O’Neil Hamilton from Jamaica, Aamer Ikram from Pakistan, Angela Kane from Germany, Irma Makalinao from the Philippines, Talkmore Maruta from Zambia, Suryesh Namdeo from India, Harawati Sudoyo from Indonesia, and Weiwen Zhang from China.”

“IBBIS will collaborate with governments, international organizations, industry and academia to develop and promote practical, innovative tools that stakeholders can use to reduce risks throughout the bioscience and biotechnology research and development lifecycle. The first of such tools is now available—a new Common Mechanism software tool for DNA synthesis providers that enables them to cost effectively screen DNA orders and customers to ensure that the building blocks of dangerous pathogens do not fall into the hands of malicious actors.”

Read more about the organization here.

NIST Announces Two-Year Agreement with Engineering Biology Research Consortium to Help Combat AI Risks

The US Department of Commerce’s National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) recently announced it has entered into a two-year cooperative research agreement with a nonprofit organization, the Engineering Biology Research Consortium (EBRC). The agreement aims to develop screening and safety tools that will help defend against the potential misuse of AI as it relates to nucleic acid synthesis. NIST explained in a press release about the agreement, “NIST initiated this collaboration to fulfill a task within the recent Executive Order on Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence that charges multiple agencies — including NIST — with developing standards, best practices and implementation guides for nucleic acid synthesis, in light of advances in AI. The Executive Order on AI calls on NIST to initiate an effort to engage with industry and other stakeholders to develop safeguards to defend against potential misuse of AI related to the synthesis of genetic material. NIST will work with EBRC to identify best practices and policies to ensure public safety.”

“Putin Critic Alexei Nevaly, Who Once Survived a Chemical Weapons Attacks, Dies in a Russian Prison”

Matt Field discusses the death of Alexei Navalny in this piece for The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, writing in part “The Navalny poisoning has been taken as one of many examples of Putin’s efforts to erode norms around weapons of mass destruction. Since the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Putin and other government officials have repeatedly alluded to nuclear attacks and claimed, falsely, that the United States and Ukraine were developing biological weapons. “Navalny’s poisoning with a closely related Novichok agent less than a year after those changes were implemented was a vivid reminder that Russia remains in gross violation of the [Chemical Weapons Convention] and Putin’s willingness to brazenly flout international norms,” Gregory Koblentz, a professor of biodefense at George Mason University’s Schar School of Policy and Government who has followed the Navalny case, said.”

“Box the Pox: Reducing the Risk of Smallpox and Other Orthopoxviruses”

The Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense recently released this plan detailing “…how Alaskapox, smallpox, and other orthopoxviruses pose significant risks due to their potential for weaponization, accidental release, and vulnerability of populations who stopped routinely vaccinating against smallpox in the 1970s.”

According to the Commission’s press release, “Additionally, the Commission’s plan details why the Intelligence Community (IC) must reinvigorate its efforts to produce biological intelligence. Over the years since the United States ceased its own biological weapons program, the IC reduced its emphasis on the biological weapons threat. Today, however, the threat has never been greater. The growth of synthetic biology also means that even non-state actors could have the capacity to produce smallpox. The Commission recommends that the Central Intelligence Agency identify activities occurring in foreign laboratories involved in biological weapons research and determine the physical disposition of previously weaponized smallpox produced by the Former Soviet Union, among other intelligence actions. The Commission also recommends that the Department of Defense makes sure U.S. and allied military forces can fight and win in areas biologically contaminated with smallpox. This is no time to depend on old personal protective equipment and filters that wear out in days or weeks.”

“The Last of Us and the Question of a Fungal Pandemic in Real Life”

Georgios Pappas and Georgia Vrioni recently published this piece in Emerging Infectious Diseases, writing in their abstract: “The television series The Last of Us imagines a postapocalyptic world ravaged by a fungal pandemic caused by a Cordyceps species. We evaluate whether a fungal pandemic is possible (and reasons behind its current improbability). We further discuss the series’ effect on public perception of fungi, fungal infections, and pandemic response.”

“Biotech Matters: A U.S. National Security Imperative”

Hannah Kelley recently published this piece for CNAS, writing in part “Now more than ever, the international community needs what emerging biotechnologies promise to do—for health, climate, energy security, agriculture, supply chain resilience, and more. And to meet the moment, the United States must reassert its biotech leadership, not only for its own economic and national security, but to ensure that democratic principles underpin the global biorevolution.”

“‘There Are No Serious Safeguards’: Can 23andMe be Trusted With Our DNA?”

Alaina Demopoulos tackles safety and security questions regarding at-home genetic testing services like those provided by 23andMe for The Guardian in this piece. They write in part, “What’s next for 23andMe? Most people know the biotech company as a genetic testing service. Stories of people sending their cheek swabs off in the mail only to discover that a parent who raised them wasn’t their biological one have become a kind of millennial horror genre. Of course, most 23andMe experiences aren’t that dramatic: the company says more than 14 million people have used the service in hopes of learning more about their ancestry.”

“But this month, 23andMe revealed it is facing major financial troubles, and more information came to light about a devastating security breach at the company last year. Now, customers might be wondering: can they trust 23andMe with their DNA?”

What We’re Listening To 🎧

Conspiracy Theories-The 2001 Anthrax Attacks

This episode of the Conspiracy Theories podcast covers the Amerithrax attacks: “One week after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, someone began mailing envelopes containing a deadly form of anthrax, reigniting a national panic. The FBI spared no expense on the years-long investigation before naming a suspect and closing the case…but not everyone believes they got the right guy.”

GP Nonproliferation and Strategic Trade Hub Virtual Launch & Demo  

“The Strategic Trade Research Institute (STRI) invites you to participate in the Global Partnership Nonproliferation and Strategic Trade Hub Virtual Launch and Demo event taking place on February 27, 2024, from 9:00-10:00 am EST.”

“Please join us to learn about the main features of the Hub, how to use it, and how it can be useful and impactful for nonproliferation and export control professionals. The event will feature Andrea Viski, Director of STRI, as well as introductory remarks from the Hub’s sponsor, the United Kingdom’s Counter-proliferation and Arms Control Center (CPACC).”

Learn more and register here.

International Conference, CBRNE Research & Innovation

“The last 40 years have demonstrated that both military and civilian populations could be exposed to highly hazardous CBRNE agents following conflicts, natural outbreaks and disasters, industrial incidents or terrorist attacks.”

“Worldwide, researchers, responders and industrial capacities have been commited to provide adapted response to these challenges.”

“Building on the success of the first 5 International Conferences « CBRNE Research and Innovation » which took place in Antibes (2015), Lyon (2017), Nantes (2019), on line (2021) and Lille (2022), we want to give you a new opportunity to build up or strengthen collaborative networks in Strabourg (March 19th – 21rst 2024).”

“The CBRNE R&I Conference is specifically devoted to scientific updates, responders’ feedbacks and expression of needs. It also includes workshops and demonstrations of innovative materials, technologies and procedures, according to the following themes: DETECTION – IDENTIFICATION, PROTECTION – DECONTAMINATION, MEDICAL COUNTERMEASURES, RISKS & CRISIS MANAGEMENT.”

“Looking forward to your proposals for communication and to welcoming you at Strasbourg in March 2024!”

Learn more here.

Artificial Intelligence and Automated Laboratories for Biotechnology: Leveraging Opportunities and Mitigating Risks

From the National Academies’ Board on Life Sciences: “Please join us April 3-4, 2024 for a hybrid workshop on the opportunities and mitigation of risks of the use of artificial intelligence and automated laboratories (i.e., self-driving labs) for biotechnology.”

“The workshop will consider opportunities to leverage AI and laboratory automation capabilities for discovery and development, explore methods and approaches to identify, track, and forecast the domestic and international development of such technologies, and convene experts across sectors to highlight recent advances and explore implications for the development and use of these technologies.”

Learn more and register here.

Launch of the 2024 National Blueprint on Biodefense

From the Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense: “On the 10th anniversary of its inception, the Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense will release its 2024 National Blueprint on Biodefense: Immediate Action Needed to Defend Against Biological Threats.”

“Please join us for this momentous event at the Congressional Auditorium, Capitol Visitor Center, on April 17th at 4:30pm.”

“The Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense (formerly the Blue Ribbon Study Panel on Biodefense) was established in 2014 to provide a comprehensive assessment of the state of United States biodefense efforts and to issue recommendations that foster change.  Subsequently, the Commission has briefed White House Administrations (including then Vice President Biden); testified before Congress; convened numerous meetings with experts; released 12 reports; produced the graphic novel Germ Warfare; and mobilized biodefense conversations and actions in the private and public sectors.”

Learn more and register here.

Registration for GHS 2024 Now Open

Registration is now open for the Global Health Security 2024 conference in Sydney, Australia. This iteration will take place 18-21 June, 2024. The call for abstracts is also still open. “The mission of the Global Health Security conference is to provide a forum where leaders, researchers, policy-makers, and representatives from government, international organisations, civil society, and private industry from around the world can engage with each other, review the latest research and policy innovations, and agree solutions for making the world safer and healthier. To that end, our mission is to help foster a genuinely multidisciplinary community of practice that is committed to working collaboratively to enhance global health security and eliminate disease, irrespective of its origin or source.”

SBA.3 International Synthetic Biology, and Biosecurity Conference in Africa

“Join us for the SBA.3 International Synthetic Biology and Biosecurity Conference in Africa, a groundbreaking event that brings together experts, researchers, and enthusiasts in the field of synthetic biology. This in-person conference will take place at the Laico Regency Hotel from Wed, Jul 17, 2024 to Friday, Jul 19, 2024.”

“Get ready to dive into the exciting world of synthetic biology and explore its potential applications in Africa. From cutting-edge research to innovative solutions, this conference offers a unique opportunity to learn, network, and collaborate with like-minded individuals.”

“Discover the latest advancements, trends, and challenges in synthetic biology through engaging keynote speeches, interactive workshops, and thought-provoking panel discussions. Immerse yourself in a vibrant atmosphere where ideas flow freely and new connections are made.”

“Whether you’re a seasoned professional or just starting your journey in synthetic biology, this conference provides a platform to expand your knowledge, exchange ideas, and contribute to the growth of the field in Africa.”

“Don’t miss out on this extraordinary event that promises to shape the future of synthetic biology and biosecurity in Africa. Mark your calendars and join us at the SBA.3 International Synthetic Biology and Biosecurity Conference in Africa!”

Learn more and register here.

WHO Technical Working Group Expression of Interest: Rapid Response Capacities

The World Health Organization (WHO) is seeking expressions of interest from suitable experts across diverse health emergency networks to participate in a technical working group (TWG) to develop common guidance and benchmarks for the establishment of rapid response capacities, as part of the surge capacities pillar of the Global Health Emergency Corps (GHEC).

The vision of GHECis a well-coordinated health emergency workforce centred in countries that aims to stop the next pandemic and to strengthen health emergency response at all levels. It encompasses connected health emergency leadership, interoperable surge capacities, national public health and emergency workforce.  

Within WHO, GHEC will convene a secretariat at global and regional levels to build on and connect existing health emergency networks and institutions, such as the Emergency Medical Teams (EMT), Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network  (GOARN), Standby Partnership Network, International Association of National Public Health Institutes (IANPHI), Training Programs in Epidemiology and Public Health Interventions Network (TEPHINET), Public Health Emergency Operations Centre Network (EOC-NET), and Global Health Cluster. GHEC as a collaboration platform will collectively address the gaps exposed by the COVID-19 pandemic and other health emergencies by identifying best practices, shared learnings and areas for collaboration in strengthening the emergency workforce, surge capacities and connected leadership.

Rapid Response Capacities are the medical, healthcare and public health services and functions that can be deployed at short notice and on a non-routine basis to address health needs during and/or after a health emergency. This encompasses a wide range of capacities, including Emergency Medical Teams (EMTs), Specialized Care Teams, Public Health Rapid Response Teams, Mobile Laboratories, and Community-based interventions and resources.

The technical working group will be composed of a limited number of experts selected based on their experience in the areas relevant to the scope of work.  Priority will be given to those experts experienced in setting up and/or managing any type of rapid response capacity in their countries. Membership will strive to be gender balanced with equal representation from the different regions. 

We invite interested organizations to nominate individuals by filling the form below. Please note that the authorized representative of the organization/institution should be submitting the form.   Shortlisted candidates will then be asked to submit a CV and sign a Declaration of Interest.

For further information, kindly refer to https://bit.ly/RRCtermsofreference. Working Group meetings will be held in English.

Deadline for submissions is 28 February 2024. 

Research Study: Barriers to Diversity in International One Health Activities

“You and your network are invited to participate in a research study about participation in international One Health events and barriers to inclusion and diversity. This study is being conducted by Queensland University of Technology, Australia (QUT) with the aim of under-standing the main barriers that women and other underrepresented groups face in their participation in international One Health (OH) events. An international OH event is any event that brings together OH experts from different countries, and includes conferences, colloquiums, meetings and workshops. Understanding the importance of such barriers in the context of global and OH event participation and the strategies implemented to facilitate attendance is an intentional first step towards establishing OH ‘event equity’. The survey is 10 multiple-choice and 2 open-ended questions. It is available in multiple languages and should take approximately 15 minutes to complete. Open until February 29, 2024. The information you provide will be stored under the QUT protocols, ensuring confidentiality. See the Participant Information Sheet  for more information (http://tinyurl.com/2j798v6m ). Direct questions to katie.woolaston@qut.edu.au, cat.mcgillycuddy@ukhsa.gov.uk, maudling@yahoo.com .”

“Acess the survey here. http://tinyurl.com/wwwnzfnh“

Pandora Report 2.16.2024

by dkellogg97, posted in Pandora Report

This week’s issue covers the death of Aleksei Navalny, OSTP’s recently released updated Critical and Emerging Technologies List, and the recent death of a Kenai Peninsula man who contracted Alaskapox in September. As always, new publications and upcoming events are included.

Russian Authorities Report Aleksei Navalny Dies in Prison

Aleksei Navalny, a prominent political opponent of Vladimir Putin who was poisoned by a Novichok agent in 2020, was reported dead today by authorities with Russia’s Federal Penitentiary Service. Navalny, 47, reportedly lost consciousness on Friday morning after going on a walk. Navalny was serving multiple prison sentences in a penal colony 40 miles north of the Arctic Circle at the time of his death. The charges included a nine-year sentence for embezzlement and fraud and a 19-year sentence for “extremism.” Critics and Navalny’s supporters argue that the charges were politically motivated.

The New York Times explained in its announcement that “Leonid Volkov, Navalny’s longtime chief of staff, said he was not yet ready to accept the news that Mr. Navalny was dead. “We have no reason to believe state propaganda,” Volkov wrote on the social platform X. “If this is true, then it’s not ‘Navalny died,’ but ‘Putin killed Navalny,’ and only that. But I don’t trust them one penny.”’

President Biden said in a statement at the White House “We don’t know exactly what happened, but there is no doubt that the death of Navalny was a consequence of something that Putin and his thugs did.” Biden also “warned there could be consequences, saying he was “not surprised” but “outraged” by the opposition leader’s passing.”

White House OSTP Releases Updated Critical and Emerging Technologies List

The White House Office of Science and Technology Policy released this week an updated list of critical and emerging technologies (CETs) that it deems potentially significant to US national security. This year’s updated list includes biotechnologies. ‘“This list supports our ongoing efforts to grow and strengthen U.S. technological leadership,” said OSTP Deputy Director for National Security Stephen Welby. “It will also be a useful resource as we continue to engage allies and partners to ensure that CETs yield tangible benefits for society and are aligned with our democratic values.”’

As the White House’s press release explains, “The National Security Strategy notes that technology is central to today’s geopolitical competition and to the future of our national security, economy and democracy. United States and allied leadership in technology and innovation has long underpinned our economic prosperity and military strength. In the next decade, critical and emerging technologies are poised to retool economies, transform militaries, and reshape the world. The United States is committed to a future where these technologies increase the security, prosperity, and values of the American people and like-minded democracies. Today’s update to the CET list builds upon earlier lists and may inform government-wide and agency-specific efforts supporting U.S. technological competitiveness and national security. More information and the full update can be found here.”

Alaskapox: First Death Reported

Health officials in Alaska recently reported that a man died in January after contracting Alaskapox virus (AKPV). “Alaskapox is a type of orthopoxvirus that infects mammals, including humans, and causes skin lesions. Other orthopoxviruses include the now-eradicated smallpox virus as well as mpox, which was previously known as monkeypox and experienced an outbreak of thousands of cases worldwide in 2022,” NPR explains.

Authorities have warned that immunocompromised people may be at higher risk for becoming severely ill from the virus, but so far the only known cases have been confined to Alaska. The same NPR article explains further that “…officials believe that last month’s case is the first fatality from the newly discovered virus — as well as the first known case outside the state’s interior — and authorities are now urging doctors across the state to be on the lookout for signs of the disease.”

According to Prevention, “The Alaskapox virus was first identified in a patient in Fairbanks, Alaska, in 2015, and since then, six additional cases have been reported in the area. While the disease has a small number of documented cases so far, after news broke of the first reported death from the virus, it’s understandable to be concerned.”

The virus is thought to spread through contact with infected animals and there have been no documented cases of it spreading from person to person. However, because of the transmission modes of other viruses in the same family, officials are advising those with Alaskapox lesions to cover them with bandages.

“Emerging Technology and Risk Analysis”

From the RAND Corporation: “RAND researchers working in the Homeland Security Operational Analysis Center (HSOAC), an FFRDC operated by RAND on behalf of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, examined the effects of emerging technologies on DHS missions and capabilities. This series of reports considers how increases in the pace of technological innovation and adoption will affect components across the Department’s mission areas.”

“The first works in this series include a volume on risk factors from additive manufacturing. While the risks posed by 3D printed firearms are a common feature of news stories, the authors describe other malign uses, such as producing illicit materials and manufacturing counterfeit goods. Additional volumes in the series describe the potential risks of synthetic pandemics, and the increasing threat of intelligent drone swarms. New reports will be added to this page in the coming months.”

This effort is led by Daniel M. Gerstein, a Senior Policy Researcher at RAND and an alumnus of the Biodefense PhD Program.

“COLUMN: Is Pakistan a New Safe Haven for ISIS and Al Qaeda?”

Schar School associate professor Mahmut Cengiz recently authored this column for Homeland Security Today. In it, he writes in part, “Ongoing debates revolve around whether ISIS and Al Qaeda have lost their operational capacity and strength in the Middle East and intensified their attacks in the Sahel region, confirmed by increasing terror attacks in Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso. Still, both groups have grown their attacks in Pakistan as well, which has recorded exponentially rising terror attacks since the Taliban overthrew the Afghan government in August 2021. The Taliban’s takeover has dramatically impacted terrorism trends in the region. ISIS-Khorasan (ISIS-K), an ISIS affiliate based in Afghanistan, has received greater attention and filled the vacuums left by the Taliban that deployed terrorist tactics and got a victory in its two-decade-long clashes against the US-backed Afghan governments. Taliban’s weak performance in the government has caused growing grievances that have generated a favorable environment for ISIS-K to flourish in the region and spread its influence in all provinces of Afghanistan.”

“Mind the Gap: America Needs an Office of Technology Net Assessment”

Vivek Chilukuri recently authored this piece for Lawfare arguing that recent misses on technologies like semiconductors and 5G point to a need for the US to create an Office of Technology Net Assessment to help better understand long-term technology trends. They write in part, “Today, there is a grave and growing gap in Washington’s long-term analysis: technology competition. Although the ONA has done laudable analyses of key technology trends, its focus on how those trends specifically affect the U.S. military misses the ever-expanding role technology plays in national and economic security. And within the ONA, technology competes with many other analytic priorities, even as technology leadership becomes more central to national power and the U.S.-China strategic competition in particular.”

Disease X – The 100 Days Mission to End Pandemics

“An important new book on pandemic control, DISEASE X – The 100 Days Mission to End Pandemics, will be published in the UK on 2nd February. This compelling narrative by Kate Kelland, Chief Scientific Writer at the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), draws on her unique access to key players and their experiences at the frontlines of pandemic planning and response and takes the reader inside global efforts to prevent future outbreaks from exploding into deadly crises.”

“Distilling insights from health security experts, examining epidemics and pandemics of the past and present, and analysing what governments, societies and their people got right and wrong in the response to COVID-19 and other devastating disease outbreaks, Kelland explores why and how viruses—tiny as they are—can wreak enormous havoc on our way of life. But she also tells a story of hope, giving readers a glimpse of a future where the threat of pandemics has been neutralised by a prepared and collaborative world.”

Learn more here and purchase here.

“New Biosecurity Groups Aims to Prevent Biotech Disasters”

Robert Service covers the recently launched International Biosecurity and Biosafety Initiative for Science (IBBIS) in this news piece for Science: “Biosecurity experts today launched a new international nonprofit designed to prevent modern biotechnology from causing harm. Known as the International Biosecurity and Biosafety Initiative for Science (IBBIS), the group aims to develop technological and policy guardrails to reduce the risk that biotech tools, such as the ability to synthesize and edit DNA, are accidentally or deliberately used to create deadly toxins and pathogens.”

“New Report to Offer a Responsible Path Forward for Research With Pandemic Risks”

Sarah Starkey recently published this piece discussing the upcoming publication of the final report from the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists‘ Independent Task Force on Research with Pathogen Risk. It explains “On February 28, 2024, at 10:00 a.m. ET. the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists will release the final report of its Independent Task Force on Research with Pathogen Risk at the United Nations headquarters in New York. The report will offer recommendations on how to make research with pandemic risks more safe, secure, and responsible. The task force is composed of members with expertise in biosafety, biosecurity, epidemiology, ethics, governance virology, and other related areas.”

“WHO Member States Are Negotiating a Pandemic Treaty. But Will Countries Follow the New Rules?”

Elliot Hannon, Nina Schwalbe, and Susanna Lehtimaki recently authored this piece for The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. They explain in their piece: “When the negotiations first began, the world was still mired in the pandemic, creating a sense of urgency and optimism that stronger commitments, greater authority, increased accountability, and dedicated resources could be had. The aim was to create a new set of state commitments, improving a number of key areas: building resilient national health systems as a first line of defense, strengthening surveillance measures to quickly detect outbreaks, and enhancing equitable access to pandemic countermeasures such as vaccines, among other issues.”

“The negotiations have revolved around these issues, but remarkably little attention has been paid to state compliance and implementation of the accord. No matter how these larger differences get resolved, other existing international treaties have shown that without greater accountability to generate compliance with the agreement, the best intentions of the pact won’t matter. The response to COVID-19 laid bare that reality: Signing an accord, even one that is legally binding, does not mean that countries will implement it.”

“CDC’s Labs Are Making a Comeback. Now They Need Support”

Jill Taylor, Ewa King, and Scott Becker recently published this opinion piece in Scientific American covering CDC’s failures in the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly its release of a flawed diagnostic test for SARS-CoV-2. They explain in part, “Several published reports have documented in significant detail the events and decision points at CDC that led to its test’s failure. Ultimately, it originated in the fact that testing laboratories at CDC have historically not had adequate levels of staff and resources consistent with the agency’s responsibility as the nation’s premier public health laboratory. Its laboratories have also not had appropriate organizational standing or fiscal authority to drive policy and process for test development and deployment in biological emergencies. Few CDC scientists have the federal qualifications required of a diagnostic laboratory director, and most of CDC’s laboratory leaders report to senior health professionals who lack the specific education and training needed to oversee essential laboratory quality and performance standards. We think that CDC should rely more on special federal pay authorities for health care professionals and scientists to address the urgent need for clinically qualified staff for these laboratory oversight roles, similar to how the NIH and the Veterans Administration handle positions needing specialized expertise.”

“Investment Map: Funding in Your State”

From CDC: “The Antimicrobial Resistance (AR) Investment Map showcases CDC activities in the U.S. and abroad to combat antimicrobial resistance. Users can get printable global-, state-, and city-specific fact sheets that describe how CDC is investing directly in the response to antimicrobial resistance at each level.”

“The map currently shows fiscal year 2023 extramural funds that support CDC’s antimicrobial resistance activities. CDC distributed the largest extramural portion of funding to support all 50 state health departments, several local health departments, and Puerto Rico, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The map also includes fact sheets highlighting CDC’s innovation work with partners to combat antimicrobial resistance. The information is updated yearly.”

Learn more here.

“Creating Support Systems for Employees and Researchers Receiving Public Harassment”

Tara Kirk Sell and Beth Resnick describe the FlagIt report and response system and the development of similar systems in this piece for JPHMP Direct, writing in their introduction “Since the COVID-19 pandemic, many members of the public health community have been subject to pushback against public health measures and harassment from members of the public. This harassment can take many forms, including harmful or vulgar emails, social media posts, or phone calls; doxxing (making private identifying information public); and other intimidation or bullying against the recipient. After Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (Bloomberg School) faculty and staff reported receiving such harassment related to their public health work, the School established the FlagIt report and response system to support any individuals (faculty, staff, or students) within the Bloomberg School community facing such harassment. Development of this system is described in our JPHMP article entitled, “Development of the FlagIt Report and Response System for Concerning or Harassing Messages Related to Public Health Work.”‘

“Practical Playbook for Addressing Health Information”

New from Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, this playbook “…guides users in preparing for and responding to health misinformation, which is a growing public health challenge.”

“The playbook takes a hands-on approach to help public health practitioners, medical professionals, and health communicators recognize and respond to health-related rumors and misinformation. It provides detailed tools, checklists, templates, and examples written in plain language to support users in:

  • preparing for health-related rumors
  • deciding when to act to address rumors
  • determining which actions to take to address misinformation
  • developing relevant and timely messaging, and
  • gathering feedback about those messages.”

“UV Light Kills Viruses. Why Isn’t It Everywhere?”

Vox covers the pros and cons of using UV light to help disinfect spaces: “Ultraviolet light is an incredibly powerful disinfectant. Study after study has proven that it can obliterate viruses and bacteria, and yet it’s not often thought about as a defense against germs. In fact, when most people think of UV, they think of the harmful rays from the sun that cause cancer — not the PR you want when advertising, obviously. Luckily, a few years after the pandemic lockdowns, researchers have found a type of UV that isn’t strong enough to penetrate human skin but still effectively stops the germs. Could it be our next defense?”

“Chemical Plants, Terrorism and Regulations May Be Back on the Agenda”

Jeff Johnson discusses the expirations of CFATS in this piece for the Society of Environmental Journalists, focusing in large part how executives at multiple chemical industry associations are pushing for renewal of the regulations: “Last month, the manufacturers announced at a briefing their intention to refire efforts to get a federal bill and regulations into a law that would make DHS the enforcer with oversight, inspection and auditing authority.”

“The novelty of industrial chemical makers pushing for greater government regulations and inspections was not lost on speakers at the Jan. 16 briefing.”

‘“I spend a good portion of my day job pushing back against federal regulatory overreach,” said Chris Jahn, CEO of the American Chemistry Council, a trade association of chemical makers. “But this is a unique situation in which regulators and industry are aligned. Our companies should not be forced to go it alone; we need a partner that can provide threat information and security expertise.”’

What We’re Listening To 🎧

Science Diction Podcast | Synthetic Biology

“MRIGlobal’s Science Diction podcast dives in with research scientists to offer insight into synthetic biology—how it works like circuitry, the diseases it may help defeat, and how it is changing the landscape of diagnostics, biosecurity, and even food security.”

Listen here.

New: Disarmament Courses Series in French

From UNIDIR: “Les progrès de la biotechnologie génèrent de nouvelles opportunités, mais engendrent également certains risques en matière de double usage des agents biologiques et à toxines et vis-a-vis du respect de la Convention sur l’interdiction des armes biologiques (CIABT) de 1972.”

“Ce premier évènement en 2024 d’une série de rencontres francophones sur le désarmement présentera la CIABT et fournira une analyse plus approfondie des risques biologiques contemporains y compris en lien avec l’intelligence artificielle et le cyber. L’événement offrira également un éclairage sur les perspectives des travaux en cours du groupe de travail de la CIABT institué par la 9ème Conférence d’examen en novembre 2022.”

This event will take place on February 20 at 9 am CET in the Palais des Nations. It will take place in French with no interpretation into other UN official languages provided. Learn more and register here.

New: Regulating Risky Research: The Science and Governance of Pathogens of Pandemic Potential

From AEI: “The COVID-19 pandemic has renewed public interest in gain-of-function (GOF) research of concern on pathogens of pandemic potential. Are laboratory experiments to make pathogens more transmissible or virulent necessary for scientific progress? Do such experiments pose unacceptable risk? As Congress and the executive branch consider regulatory reforms, we sorely need constructive, evidence-based discussions of the benefits and drawbacks of GOF research of concern, including which policy changes best serve the public interest.”

“Please join AEI and distinguished guests for a two-part conversation examining the science and policy of GOF research of concern. Panelists will grapple with issues related to biosecurity and risk, pandemic preparedness, oversight and the role of Congress, scientific freedom and ethical responsibility, and possible avenues for reform.”

This hybrid event will take place on February 21 at 2:45 pm. Learn more and RSVP here.

New: Launch of the 2024 National Blueprint on Biodefense

From the Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense: “On the 10th anniversary of its inception, the Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense will release its 2024 National Blueprint on Biodefense: Immediate Action Needed to Defend Against Biological Threats.”

“Please join us for this momentous event at the Congressional Auditorium, Capitol Visitor Center, on April 17th at 4:30pm.”

“The Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense (formerly the Blue Ribbon Study Panel on Biodefense) was established in 2014 to provide a comprehensive assessment of the state of United States biodefense efforts and to issue recommendations that foster change.  Subsequently, the Commission has briefed White House Administrations (including then Vice President Biden); testified before Congress; convened numerous meetings with experts; released 12 reports; produced the graphic novel Germ Warfare; and mobilized biodefense conversations and actions in the private and public sectors.”

Learn more and register here.

ICYMI-“Event Summary: Kazakhstan’s Actions to Address Nuclear and Biological Risks”

This summary from the Council on Strategic Risks covers a discussion panel hosted by the Council and the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace focused on Kazakhstan’s leadership in the reduction of nuclear and biological weapons risks. The “summary highlights key themes from the discussion and builds upon the publication of a new report from the Council on Strategic Risks written by Christine Parthemore and Andy Weber titled “Lessons From Kazakhstan: On the Front Lines on Nuclear and Biological Risks.” The discussion centered around the complexities faced by Kazakhstan in those early years of independence from the Soviet Union, including the brave decision to relinquish its nuclear arsenal and its biological weapons program. The discussion turned to the current security environment and Kazakhstan’s vision for advancing nonproliferation and biosecurity through its role as chair of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) Preparatory Committee and its proposal for an International Agency for Biological Security.”

ICYMI-February 8, 2024: The Capitol Hill Steering Committee on Pandemic Preparedness & Health Security

From Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security: “Policy Frontiers: Realizing the Benefits, Managing the Risks of Artificial Intelligence-Driven Biotechnology”

“The in-person panel discussion delved into the impact and implementation of the President’s AI Executive Order related to the convergence of AI and biotechnology, challenges and opportunities that still need to be addressed, and Congress’ role in governance of these rapidly evolving technologies.”

Watch here.

Enhancing the Global Food System’s Resilience to Biological Threats

“This virtual event, hosted by the Scowcroft Institute of International Affairs at Texas A&M, will take place on February 20, 1:00-2:30 PM [EST].”

“A year after the Biden Administration’s National Security Memorandum on Strengthening the Security and Resilience of United States Food and Agriculture (NSM-16), Scowcroft is convening stakeholders from across industry, academia, and government to identify the policies and technologies needed to safeguard the world’s food system against biological threats. Planned topics include microbial food production, AI-enabled crop disease surveillance, and genomic engineering to improve plant disease resistance, among others.”

“For more details, find a draft agenda here. 

Speakers include:

  • David Stiefel, National Security Policy Analyst, National Security Division, USDA and former Director for Biodefense on the National Security Council
  • Nils Justen, Policy Analyst, National Security Commission on Emerging Biotechnology (NSCEB)
  • Shannon Nangle, CEO and Co-Founder, Circe Biosciences 
  • Seth Murray, Professor Butler Chair, Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University
  • Yiping Qi, Professor, Plant Sciences and Landscaping, University of Maryland”

Register here.

The Advancing Threat Agnostic Biodefense Webinar Series

From PNNL: “Join us as we welcome Dr. Tony Goldberg, professor in the School of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. His talk, titled “Assessing the Zoonotic Risk of Pre-emergent Viruses” will be Tuesday, February 20, at noon PT.“

“Exploration of the “virosphere” is in its golden age. The sheer number of new viruses discovered daily, and the fact that most cannot be cultured, creates enormous uncertainty about where to allocate attention and resources. It is not an intractable problem, however, to distinguish those few viruses that are likely to emerge as zoonoses from the many others that are not. This talk describes two diametric approaches to addressing this problem.”

Learn more and register here.

Presidential Advisory Council on Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Public Meeting

“The 24th PACCARB public meeting will be held virtually on February 22, 2024. This will be the second of two meetings to address the task provided to the PACCARB by the Secretary of HHS to address antimicrobial resistance globally. The focus of the meeting will be on international implementers and the gaps, challenges, and opportunities they see to combat AMR globally – specifically focusing on low- and middle-income countries. Current times are tentative and subject to change.”

This event will take place on February 22, at 9 am. Submit public comments and register to attend here.

GP Nonproliferation and Strategic Trade Hub Virtual Launch & Demo  

“The Strategic Trade Research Institute (STRI) invites you to participate in the Global Partnership Nonproliferation and Strategic Trade Hub Virtual Launch and Demo event taking place on February 27, 2024, from 9:00-10:00 am EST.”

“Please join us to learn about the main features of the Hub, how to use it, and how it can be useful and impactful for nonproliferation and export control professionals. The event will feature Andrea Viski, Director of STRI, as well as introductory remarks from the Hub’s sponsor, the United Kingdom’s Counter-proliferation and Arms Control Center (CPACC).”

Learn more and register here.

International Conference, CBRNE Research & Innovation

“The last 40 years have demonstrated that both military and civilian populations could be exposed to highly hazardous CBRNE agents following conflicts, natural outbreaks and disasters, industrial incidents or terrorist attacks.”

“Worldwide, researchers, responders and industrial capacities have been commited to provide adapted response to these challenges.”

“Building on the success of the first 5 International Conferences « CBRNE Research and Innovation » which took place in Antibes (2015), Lyon (2017), Nantes (2019), on line (2021) and Lille (2022), we want to give you a new opportunity to build up or strengthen collaborative networks in Strabourg (March 19th – 21rst 2024).”

“The CBRNE R&I Conference is specifically devoted to scientific updates, responders’ feedbacks and expression of needs. It also includes workshops and demonstrations of innovative materials, technologies and procedures, according to the following themes: DETECTION – IDENTIFICATION, PROTECTION – DECONTAMINATION, MEDICAL COUNTERMEASURES, RISKS & CRISIS MANAGEMENT.”

“Looking forward to your proposals for communication and to welcoming you at Strasbourg in March 2024!”

Learn more here.

Artificial Intelligence and Automated Laboratories for Biotechnology: Leveraging Opportunities and Mitigating Risks

From the National Academies’ Board on Life Sciences: “Please join us April 3-4, 2024 for a hybrid workshop on the opportunities and mitigation of risks of the use of artificial intelligence and automated laboratories (i.e., self-driving labs) for biotechnology.”

“The workshop will consider opportunities to leverage AI and laboratory automation capabilities for discovery and development, explore methods and approaches to identify, track, and forecast the domestic and international development of such technologies, and convene experts across sectors to highlight recent advances and explore implications for the development and use of these technologies.”

Learn more and register here.

Registration for GHS 2024 Now Open

Registration is now open for the Global Health Security 2024 conference in Sydney, Australia. This iteration will take place 18-21 June, 2024. The call for abstracts is also still open. “The mission of the Global Health Security conference is to provide a forum where leaders, researchers, policy-makers, and representatives from government, international organisations, civil society, and private industry from around the world can engage with each other, review the latest research and policy innovations, and agree solutions for making the world safer and healthier. To that end, our mission is to help foster a genuinely multidisciplinary community of practice that is committed to working collaboratively to enhance global health security and eliminate disease, irrespective of its origin or source.”

SBA.3 International Synthetic Biology, and Biosecurity Conference in Africa

“Join us for the SBA.3 International Synthetic Biology and Biosecurity Conference in Africa, a groundbreaking event that brings together experts, researchers, and enthusiasts in the field of synthetic biology. This in-person conference will take place at the Laico Regency Hotel from Wed, Jul 17, 2024 to Friday, Jul 19, 2024.”

“Get ready to dive into the exciting world of synthetic biology and explore its potential applications in Africa. From cutting-edge research to innovative solutions, this conference offers a unique opportunity to learn, network, and collaborate with like-minded individuals.”

“Discover the latest advancements, trends, and challenges in synthetic biology through engaging keynote speeches, interactive workshops, and thought-provoking panel discussions. Immerse yourself in a vibrant atmosphere where ideas flow freely and new connections are made.”

“Whether you’re a seasoned professional or just starting your journey in synthetic biology, this conference provides a platform to expand your knowledge, exchange ideas, and contribute to the growth of the field in Africa.”

“Don’t miss out on this extraordinary event that promises to shape the future of synthetic biology and biosecurity in Africa. Mark your calendars and join us at the SBA.3 International Synthetic Biology and Biosecurity Conference in Africa!”

Learn more and register here.

Pandora Report 2.9.2024

by dkellogg97, posted in Pandora Report

Happy Lunar New Year from the Pandora Report! This week’s edition includes this year’s batch of CBRN and global health security-themed Valentine’s Day cards, coverage of the opening of the CDC’s new regional center in Tokyo, Japan, and new publications.

Pandora Report Valentine’s Day Cards 2024

It’s that time of year again! Download and share the Valentine’s Day cards below with friends and that special someone!

CDC Opens New East Asia and Pacific Regional Office

This week, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention opened its new CDC East Asia and Pacific (EAP) regional office in Tokyo, Japan. In a statement, CDC Director Mandy Cohen said “America’s safety and security is dependent on the strong linkages between countries around the world…CDC’s East Asia and Pacific regional office will address health security – globally and in the region – by focusing on cooperation in advanced threat detection, laboratory networks, response capacities, and other platforms and systems for rapid response to ongoing and emerging public health threats.”

CDC says that priorities for the office include “Expanding CDC’s core global health security capacity by building stronger collaboration and partnerships in the East Asia and Pacific region,” “The ability to detect public health threats and respond quickly, and,” “Knowledge and information exchange between CDC and the region.”

In its statement, the organization explained that “Through this office, CDC will focus on identification, response, and mitigation of health threats in international settings to rapidly respond to outbreaks at their source and prevent spread to and within the U.S. Expanding government and nongovernment partnerships will help CDC build the trust and transparency needed for the rapid exchange of data, and it will also strengthen core global health security capacities. Partnering to train a global workforce to prevent, detect, and respond, and sharing scientific expertise will strengthen programs and people to prevent emerging threats.”

J. Stephen Morrison and Mitchell Wolfe recently authored a commentary piece for CSIS discussing the new office, writing in part “CDC’s new East Asia and Pacific office will unquestionably advance U.S. national interests. It will strengthen preparedness against future dangerous outbreaks and improve the health status of the region’s citizens while contributing to U.S. foreign policy and geopolitical goals. It will accomplish those goals principally through enlarged health diplomacy, new partnerships, and deepened alliances backed by CDC’s wide technical expertise.”

“MATCH ‘2.0’” and “Automating Strategic Chemical Trade Control Enforcement”

The Stimson Center recently released its MATCH ‘2.0’ Proof-of-concept and a video covering challenges customs officers face in identifying proliferation-controlled chemicals. The Center explains that “The Monitoring and Tracking Chemicals (MATCH) proof-of-concept is a prototype software system that demonstrates how distributed ledger technology (DLT) can make the process of regulatory compliance more efficient for the global chemical industry and support national authorities in identifying and reconciling discrepancies in declared transfers of commonly traded dual-use chemicals. These “dual-use” chemicals have both peaceful commercial and industrial uses but are also precursors to chemical weapons and subject to export controls and reporting requirements under the Chemical Weapons Convention.”

“The MATCH platform supports a fictional ecosystem of chemical industry participants, national authorities, and a “World Authority.” Industry participants report quantities of transferred dual-use chemicals to their respective national authorities. National authorities aggregate these reported quantities of chemical trade for their subsequent annual declaration to an international regulator referred to as the “World Authority.” In MATCH’s fictional ecosystem, the World Authority loosely represents the real-world Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW).”

Biodefense Graduate Program Director Gregory Koblentz serves as a consultant on this project.

“Attributing Biological Weapons Use Strengthening Department of Defense Capabilities to Investigate Deliberate Biological Incidents”

From the RAND Corporation: “The White House has given the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) a lead role in U.S. efforts to strengthen the United Nations Secretary-General’s Mechanism for Investigation of Alleged Use of Chemical and Biological Weapons (UNSGM). In 2022, a White House report highlighted the importance of determining the facts related to the attribution of alleged use of biological weapons (BW), including toxin weapons. That 2022 report aimed to outline the U.S. government’s approach to counter the full range of possibly catastrophic biological incidents, whether natural, accidental, or deliberate, and outlines goals and objectives for strengthening the biodefense enterprise. It also identifies priorities and target areas for each mission objective during a biological incident.”

“In this report, the authors examine issues related to the attribution of BW use and identify areas in which DoD could enhance its capabilities to (1) support U.S. investigative capabilities into alleged uses of biological and toxin weapons and (2) strengthen international efforts, specifically United Nations mechanisms, to hold state and nonstate actors accountable for BW use.”

This report was co-authored by Biodefense MS alumna Annette Prieto.

“Doomsday or Business as Usual? Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and CBRN Threats”

Dan Kaszeta recently published this article in European Security & Defence: “Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) threats are potential sources of disaster in modern life. Enemies might be able to use them for some sort of advantage, terrorists could use them for havoc, and accidents could cause disruption, property loss, and death. The same could be said of the broad field of artificial intelligence and machine learning. This expanding field has intersected that of CBRN in both practical and theoretical ways. There are areas for concern. But how concerned should we really be? And is often the case, concern can also bring opportunity. As this new aspect of modern life will be with us from now on, it is worth examining some of the more prominent ways in which AI and machine learning may penetrate in CBRN defence and security.”

“WHO Benchmarks for Strengthening Health Emergency Capacities”

The WHO recently published this report: “Benchmarking is a strategic process often used by businesses and institutes to standardize performance in relation to the best practices of their sector. The World Health Organization (WHO) and partners have developed a tool with a list of benchmarks and corresponding suggested actions that can be applied to implement the International Health Regulations 2005 (IHR) and strengthen health emergency prevention, preparedness, response and resilience capacities.”

“The first edition of the benchmarks was published in 2019 to support countries in developing, implementing and documenting progress of national IHR or health security plans (e.g. national action plan for health security (NAPHS), national action plan for emerging infectious diseases, public health emergencies and health security and other country level plans for health emergencies). The tool has been updated to incorporate lessons from COVID-19 and other health emergencies, to align with the updated IHR monitoring & evaluation framework (IHR MEF) tools and the health systems for health security framework, and to support strengthening health emergency prevention, preparedness, response and resilience (HEPR) capacities and the Preparedness and Resilience for Emerging Threats (PRET) initiative.”

“The benchmarks support implementation of IHR and HEPR capacities and are broad in nature to improve health security and integrate multisectoral actions at national and subnational levels, where appropriate. The benchmark actions are designed to provide guidance for capacity development to move up capacity levels as measured by the IHR MEF, including voluntary external evaluation such as the Joint External Evaluation (JEE) tool and the States Parties Self-assessment annual reporting tool (SPAR). Other assessment tools including the Performance of Veterinary Services (PVS) Pathway (from the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH)), the Dynamic Preparedness Metric (DPM), Universal Health and Preparedness Review (UHPR) and readiness assessments can also measure improvements in capacity, with the ultimate goal to sustain an optimal level of prevention, preparedness, response and resilience for health emergencies in the country.”

“The Origin and Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Expert Survey”

From the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute: “Exactly how the COVID-19 pandemic began remains a topic of considerable scientific and political debate. However, the opinions expressed in the debate have thus far come from an ad hoc mix of experts and commentators who have spoken up. Therefore, a research team led by the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute (GCRI) and Nemesys Insights conducted a rigorous survey of global expert opinion. The anonymous survey included 168 virologists, infectious disease epidemiologists, and other scientists from 47 countries in a geographic sample of both developed and developing countries. This is the first-ever systematic study of expert opinion on the origin of COVID-19.”

“While expert opinion does not necessarily match the underlying truth, carefully obtained expert opinion can indicate the current state-of-the-art thinking on a topic and the extent of consensus across experts. The survey results correspond to the beliefs expressed by the 168 experts who participated in the study.”

“The survey is summarized in a main report and detailed in a methodological and analytical annex.”

“Harassment in Public Health is Real. Here’s How to Respond.”

Samuel R. Mendez recently authored this piece for Harvard Public Health in which they explain in part, “We don’t have specific data on how common such incidents are today, which reveals the lack of a systematic response within U.S. public health. However, we can be sure that this problem won’t go away on its own. A study led by Johns Hopkins researchers found that in 2021, a quarter of Americans believed it was OK to threaten a public health official. And, in the third year of the pandemic, children’s hospitals across the country endured a sharp jump in online harassment, with Boston Children’s Hospital facing bomb threats. Though anyone in public health might experience harassment, we can’t ignore racism, transphobia, and gender-based discrimination in a field with a workforce that is 79 percent women and 46 percent BIPOC and includes an increasing number of people who identify outside the gender binary.”

“WHO Reports Outline Responses to Cyber-Attacks on Health Care and the Rise of Disinformation in Public Health Emergencies”

The WHO recently released this piece summarizing its recent reports that aim to identify ways to “strengthen health security through operational solutions.” The piece explains, “The first report, Examining the threat of cyber-attack on health care during the COVID-19 pandemic highlights the far-reaching real-life impacts of cyber-attacks on health care. During the COVID-19 pandemic, health information technology (IT) infrastructure was increasingly targeted by cyber-attacks, at times hindering hospitals from delivering timely care when it was needed most. To restore IT systems and retrieve stolen data, health care facilities paid substantial ransoms. These attacks prompted law enforcement agencies to issue warnings about the threat of cyber-attacks to the health sector.”

And later “The second report, Understanding disinformation in the context of public health emergencies: the case of COVID-19, reflects on different approaches to counter disinformation.  Disinformation, unlike misinformation, is created with malicious intent to sow discord, disharmony, and mistrust in targets such as government agencies, scientific experts, public health agencies, private sector, and law enforcement. In other words, disinformation is a weaponization of information.”

“Countering Disinformation Effectively: An Evidence-Based Policy Guide”

Jon Bateman and Dean Jackson recently published this policy guide with the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace: “Disinformation is widely seen as a pressing challenge for democracies worldwide. Many policymakers are grasping for quick, effective ways to dissuade people from adopting and spreading false beliefs that degrade democratic discourse and can inspire violent or dangerous actions. Yet disinformation has proven difficult to define, understand, and measure, let alone address.”

“Even when leaders know what they want to achieve in countering disinformation, they struggle to make an impact and often don’t realize how little is known about the effectiveness of policies commonly recommended by experts. Policymakers also sometimes fixate on a few pieces of the disinformation puzzle—including novel technologies like social media and artificial intelligence (AI)—without considering the full range of possible responses in realms such as education, journalism, and political institutions.”

“This report offers a high-level, evidence-informed guide to some of the major proposals for how democratic governments, platforms, and others can counter disinformation. It distills core insights from empirical research and real-world data on ten diverse kinds of policy interventions, including fact-checking, foreign sanctions, algorithmic adjustments, and counter-messaging campaigns. For each case study, we aim to give policymakers an informed sense of the prospects for success—bridging the gap between the mostly meager scientific understanding and the perceived need to act. This means answering three core questions: How much is known about an intervention? How effective does the intervention seem, given current knowledge? And how easy is it to implement at scale?”

“Biotech is the New Focus in U.S.-China Tech Rivalry”

Allison Snyder recently authored this piece providing an overview of Congress’ efforts to hamper Chinese biotech companies’ operations in the US (which we covered previously here). Snyder provides insight into the consequences this may have in other countries and in the US government research world, writing in part “Moving too fast to lock out Chinese biotech tools risks disrupting U.S. research efforts and bioproduction because BGI and its affiliates are so deeply embedded in NIH-funded clinical trials and approved therapies, TD Cowen analysts wrote in a research note this week.”

“US Industry Leaders Repeat Calls to Reinstate Security Programme”

Rebecca Trager recently published this piece in Chemistry World covering the expiration of the CFATS program. She explains in part, “Over the lifespan of CFATS, the CISA had identified more than 10 individuals with possible ties to terrorism, and given that rate of vetting Murray said CISA likely would have identified at least one individual as a known or suspected terrorist in the last six months. Murray also pointed to good data showing that CFATS made a difference in getting chemical facilities better prepared to handle security incidents, with plants introducing multiple security measures as part of the approval process.”

“Global Terrorism Threat Assessment 2024”

CSIS’s Transnational Threats Project recently published this report and a corresponding spoken-word summary: “Terrorism is no longer the leading international threat to the United States or its top defense priority, but challenges related to violent extremism remain. The threat from Salafi-jihadist groups such as al Qaeda and the Islamic State has declined, and ethnonationalist threats are largely contained. However, a broader patchwork of violent far-right and far-left extremist ideologies has become more prominent on the global stage. Meanwhile, terrorism continues to overlap in significant ways with strategic competition, especially via Iran’s support to terrorist groups like Hamas and Hezbollah.”

What We’re Listening To 🎧

The BWC Global Forum: Biotech, Biosecurity & Beyond Episode 11-Gene Synthesis Screening

From Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security: “In this episode, we discuss the role of international screening efforts in protecting against the misuse of synthetically manufactured genetic materials. Rapid expansion in the capacity, affordability, and accessibility of gene synthesis—the ability to assemble genetic sequences from scratch—enables anyone with an internet connection to order custom genomes from vendors around the world. In the absence of consistent national or global regulatory frameworks, the responsibility falls on gene synthesis companies and researchers themselves to ensure that these services are not being misused to produce dangerous pathogens or their components. The International Gene Synthesis Consortium (IGSC) is an industry organization that supports the development and implementation of screening protocols for gene synthesis orders and customers to mitigate the risk of this misuse, in order to facilitate the broadest use of these technologies for peaceful purposes.”

EBRC In Translation

“EBRC In Translation is a podcast working to bring you conversations with leaders in the world of Engineering Biology. The show is the official podcast of the Engineering Biology Research Consortium Student and Postdoc Association and is hosted by a rotating cast of graduate students and postdocs…”

NEW: Artificial Intelligence and Automated Laboratories for Biotechnology: Leveraging Opportunities and Mitigating Risks

From the National Academies’ Board on Life Sciences: “Please join us April 3-4, 2024 for a hybrid workshop on the opportunities and mitigation of risks of the use of artificial intelligence and automated laboratories (i.e., self-driving labs) for biotechnology.”

“The workshop will consider opportunities to leverage AI and laboratory automation capabilities for discovery and development, explore methods and approaches to identify, track, and forecast the domestic and international development of such technologies, and convene experts across sectors to highlight recent advances and explore implications for the development and use of these technologies.”

Learn more and register here.

Introducing IBBIS: Safeguarding Bioscience and Biotechnology for a Safer Future

“The Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI) is launching the International Biosecurity and Biosafety Initiative for Science (IBBIS) during an official side event at the 2024 Munich Security Conference. IBBIS is a new, independent organization based in Geneva that will work with global partners to strengthen biosecurity norms and develop innovative tools to uphold them. IBBIS will help reduce the risk of catastrophic events that could result from deliberate abuse or accidental misuse of bioscience and biotechnology so they can flourish, safely and responsibly.”

“NTI Co-Chair and CEO Ernest J. Moniz will moderate a senior-level panel discussion featuring: Weiwen Zhang, director, Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy, Tianjin University; James Diggans, head of biosecurity, Twist Bioscience; Luciana Borio, venture partner, ARCH Venture Partners and senior fellow for global health, Council on Foreign Relations; and Piers Millett, executive director, IBBIS. Amandeep Gill, UN Secretary General’s Envoy on Technology, will provide recorded remarks.”

This in-person event will take place at Literaturhaus München on Thursday, February 15. Learn more and RSVP here.

Enhancing the Global Food System’s Resilience to Biological Threats

“This virtual event, hosted by the Scowcroft Institute of International Affairs at Texas A&M, will take place on February 20, 1:00-2:30 PM [EST].”

“A year after the Biden Administration’s National Security Memorandum on Strengthening the Security and Resilience of United States Food and Agriculture (NSM-16), Scowcroft is convening stakeholders from across industry, academia, and government to identify the policies and technologies needed to safeguard the world’s food system against biological threats. Planned topics include microbial food production, AI-enabled crop disease surveillance, and genomic engineering to improve plant disease resistance, among others.”

“For more details, find a draft agenda here. 

Speakers include:

  • David Stiefel, National Security Policy Analyst, National Security Division, USDA and former Director for Biodefense on the National Security Council
  • Nils Justen, Policy Analyst, National Security Commission on Emerging Biotechnology (NSCEB)
  • Shannon Nangle, CEO and Co-Founder, Circe Biosciences 
  • Seth Murray, Professor Butler Chair, Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University
  • Yiping Qi, Professor, Plant Sciences and Landscaping, University of Maryland”

Register here.

The Advancing Threat Agnostic Biodefense Webinar Series

From PNNL: “Join us as we welcome Dr. Tony Goldberg, professor in the School of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. His talk, titled “Assessing the Zoonotic Risk of Pre-emergent Viruses” will be Tuesday, February 20, at noon PT.“

“Exploration of the “virosphere” is in its golden age. The sheer number of new viruses discovered daily, and the fact that most cannot be cultured, creates enormous uncertainty about where to allocate attention and resources. It is not an intractable problem, however, to distinguish those few viruses that are likely to emerge as zoonoses from the many others that are not. This talk describes two diametric approaches to addressing this problem.”

Learn more and register here.

Presidential Advisory Council on Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Public Meeting

“The 24th PACCARB public meeting will be held virtually on February 22, 2024. This will be the second of two meetings to address the task provided to the PACCARB by the Secretary of HHS to address antimicrobial resistance globally. The focus of the meeting will be on international implementers and the gaps, challenges, and opportunities they see to combat AMR globally – specifically focusing on low- and middle-income countries. Current times are tentative and subject to change.”

This event will take place on February 22, at 9 am. Submit public comments and register to attend here.

GP Nonproliferation and Strategic Trade Hub Virtual Launch & Demo  

“The Strategic Trade Research Institute (STRI) invites you to participate in the Global Partnership Nonproliferation and Strategic Trade Hub Virtual Launch and Demo event taking place on February 27, 2024, from 9:00-10:00 am EST.”

“Please join us to learn about the main features of the Hub, how to use it, and how it can be useful and impactful for nonproliferation and export control professionals. The event will feature Andrea Viski, Director of STRI, as well as introductory remarks from the Hub’s sponsor, the United Kingdom’s Counter-proliferation and Arms Control Center (CPACC).”

Learn more and register here.

International Conference, CBRNE Research & Innovation

“The last 40 years have demonstrated that both military and civilian populations could be exposed to highly hazardous CBRNE agents following conflicts, natural outbreaks and disasters, industrial incidents or terrorist attacks.”

“Worldwide, researchers, responders and industrial capacities have been commited to provide adapted response to these challenges.”

“Building on the success of the first 5 International Conferences « CBRNE Research and Innovation » which took place in Antibes (2015), Lyon (2017), Nantes (2019), on line (2021) and Lille (2022), we want to give you a new opportunity to build up or strengthen collaborative networks in Strabourg (March 19th – 21rst 2024).”

“The CBRNE R&I Conference is specifically devoted to scientific updates, responders’ feedbacks and expression of needs. It also includes workshops and demonstrations of innovative materials, technologies and procedures, according to the following themes: DETECTION – IDENTIFICATION, PROTECTION – DECONTAMINATION, MEDICAL COUNTERMEASURES, RISKS & CRISIS MANAGEMENT.”

“Looking forward to your proposals for communication and to welcoming you at Strasbourg in March 2024!”

Learn more here.

Registration for GHS 2024 Now Open

Registration is now open for the Global Health Security 2024 conference in Sydney, Australia. This iteration will take place 18-21 June, 2024. The call for abstracts is also still open. “The mission of the Global Health Security conference is to provide a forum where leaders, researchers, policy-makers, and representatives from government, international organisations, civil society, and private industry from around the world can engage with each other, review the latest research and policy innovations, and agree solutions for making the world safer and healthier. To that end, our mission is to help foster a genuinely multidisciplinary community of practice that is committed to working collaboratively to enhance global health security and eliminate disease, irrespective of its origin or source.”

SBA.3 International Synthetic Biology, and Biosecurity Conference in Africa

“Join us for the SBA.3 International Synthetic Biology and Biosecurity Conference in Africa, a groundbreaking event that brings together experts, researchers, and enthusiasts in the field of synthetic biology. This in-person conference will take place at the Laico Regency Hotel from Wed, Jul 17, 2024 to Friday, Jul 19, 2024.”

“Get ready to dive into the exciting world of synthetic biology and explore its potential applications in Africa. From cutting-edge research to innovative solutions, this conference offers a unique opportunity to learn, network, and collaborate with like-minded individuals.”

“Discover the latest advancements, trends, and challenges in synthetic biology through engaging keynote speeches, interactive workshops, and thought-provoking panel discussions. Immerse yourself in a vibrant atmosphere where ideas flow freely and new connections are made.”

“Whether you’re a seasoned professional or just starting your journey in synthetic biology, this conference provides a platform to expand your knowledge, exchange ideas, and contribute to the growth of the field in Africa.”

“Don’t miss out on this extraordinary event that promises to shape the future of synthetic biology and biosecurity in Africa. Mark your calendars and join us at the SBA.3 International Synthetic Biology and Biosecurity Conference in Africa!”

Learn more and register here.

High School and College Student Internship: Data Analytics for Elite Young Scholars – Biology and Medical Science Experience

“The Young Scholars Research Program is tailored for high-achieving high school and undergraduate students aspiring to delve into the realms of biology or medical science, with a strong focus on advanced data analytics. Participants will have the unique opportunity to collaborate with esteemed faculty members from GMU, forming interdisciplinary teams comprising 3 to 4 individuals encompassing both high school and undergraduate students.”

“At the outset of the program, students will be assigned to specific team projects based on their indicated preferences. Each team is expected to produce two significant outputs by the program’s conclusion. Firstly, a final paper showcasing their research findings will be published on the Center for Biomedical Science & Policy (CBSP) website and the Schar School Young Scholars Journals Webpage. Secondly, teams will present their projects at a conference where students have the chance to compete for prizes.”

“Throughout the program, participants will engage in hands-on research projects employing a variety of methodologies. This may include but is not limited to, biostatistics utilizing R or Stata, data visualization employing QGIS or ArcGIS, and network visualization using tools like Gephi. The comprehensive nature of the program ensures a rich and immersive experience for students passionate about advancing their understanding and skills in the fields of biology and medical science.”

Learn more here.

Agricultural Bioterrorism Protection Act of 2002; Biennial Review and Republication of the Select Agent and Toxin List

“In accordance with the Agricultural Bioterrorism Protection Act of 2002, we are proposing to amend and republish the list of select agents and toxins that have the potential to pose a severe threat to animal or plant health, or to animal or plant products. This Act requires the biennial review and republication of the list of select agents and toxins and the revision of the list as necessary. This action would implement findings from the biennial review for the list. The biennial review was initiated within 2 years of the completion of the previous biennial review. In addition, we are proposing to add definitions for several terms; codify policies regarding the role of responsible officials and alternate responsible officials, conclusion of patient care, and annual internal inspections; and revise or clarify provisions related to validated inactivation procedures and viable select agent removal methods, recordkeeping, non-possession of select agents and toxins, electronic Federal Select Agent Programs, registration, Tier 1 enhancements, and exclusion of naturally infected animals. We are also proposing to add requirements for reporting discoveries of select agents and toxins, provisions regarding effluent decontamination system, biosafety provisions for facility verification requirements for registered biosafety level 3 and animal biosafety level 3 laboratories, a new requirement related to restricted experiments, and to correct editorial errors. These proposed changes would economically benefit producers, research and reference laboratories, and State and Federal oversight agencies, while also maintaining adequate program oversight of select agents and toxins.”

Read more and submit comments here.

Pandora Report 2.2.2024

by dkellogg97, posted in Pandora Report

This week’s Pandora Report covers newly introduced legislation that could ban foreign biotech companies like BGI Group from doing business in the US, OpenAI’s evaluation of large language model-aided biological risks, interesting new publications, upcoming events, and multiple announcements.

BGI Group, Other Foreign Biotech Companies Targeted by New US Bills

Recently, members of the House Select Committee on the CCP and the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee introduced legislation that would ban foreign adversary bioetchnology companies from doing business in the United States, including BGI Group. This follows years of warnings from the Intelligence Community that Chinese companies are amassing American genetic information, threatening national security. As we discussed in 2022, “Early in the pandemic, as the US struggled to build testing capacity and states could not run their own tests in their state labs, BGI Group (formerly known as Beijing Genomics Institute) targeted US state governments with cheap tests that promised to rapidly increase their capacity. The problem, however, was that BGI is known to have used its NIFTY test, a prenatal test used by pregnant people globally, to collect data in collaboration with the People’s Liberation Army, the military wing of the CCP.”

The Pentagon explicitly acknowledged BGI Group’s collaboration with the PLA in 2021, and five subsidiaries and affiliates of the company have since been sanctioned by the US Department of Commerce. However, according to NBC News, “The U.S. National Counterintelligence and Security Center reacted to the Reuters report by warning that “non-invasive prenatal testing kits marketed by Chinese biotech firms serve an important medical function, but they can also provide another mechanism for the People’s Republic of China and Chinese biotech companies to collect genetic and genomic data from around the globe,” the center said.”

BGI Group responded, stating in part “BGI fully embraces the bill’s premise of protecting Americans’ personal data. Unfortunately, this legislation will succeed only in driving BGI out of the US and will not accomplish its stated goal. Rather, the bill will further strengthen the effective market monopoly held by one company that controls more than 90 percent of the market, resulting in increased healthcare costs and limited access to technologies and services.”

The company further denied that it is controlled by the PRC government, CCP, or PLA, emphasizing that it is a privately owned company. However, PRC data security laws implemented in recent years ensure the government is able to access data collected by private Chinese companies and those doing business with Chinese citizens.

Check out our March 2023 reporting on the US Department of Commerce’s addition of three BGI Group subsidiaries to the Entity List.

Open AI Announces Blueprint for LLM-Aided Biological Threat Creation

OpenAI, the organization responsible for ChatGPT, announced this week that it is developing a blueprint for “evaluating the risk that a large language model (LLM) could aid someone in creating a biological threat,” following recent concerns that the platform and others like it could aid potential bioterrorists.

The company explained in a statement that “In an evaluation involving both biology experts and students, we found that GPT-4 provides at most a mild uplift in biological threat creation accuracy. While this uplift is not large enough to be conclusive, our finding is a starting point for continued research and community deliberation.”

Read more about OpenAI’s evaluation and blueprint here.

“Who Are Iran-Backed Militia Groups Targeting U.S. Bases in the Middle East?”

Schar School faculty member Mahmut Cengiz for Homeland Security Today: “Iran-backed militia groups have increasingly targeted the United States (U.S.) military bases and facilities in the Middle East after Hamas’s October 7th terrorist attacks. The U.S. airstrikes continuously retaliate from these groups and target their facilities. The most recent one took place on January 24th and targeted the facilities of Kataib-s Hezbollah in Iraq. However, these militia groups used an uncrewed aerial system and attacked the Tower 22 U.S. military outpost in Jordan on January 27, 2023, killing three U.S. service members and wounding 40 others. The Islamic Resistance in Iraq (IRI) claimed responsibility for this attack.”

“The operational capacity of Iran-backed militia groups has threatened U.S. interests in the region, given the fact that these groups recently seem to be more capable and organized than even jihadist terrorist groups in Iraq, Yemen, and Syria. This article uses the Global Terrorism Trends and Analysis Center (GTTAC) Records of Incidents Database (GRID) and examines active terror groups backed by Iran in the Middle East.”

Read more here.

“NTI Begins Scoping New International AI-Bio Forum”

From NTI: “Significant advances in artificial intelligence (AI) in recent years offer tremendous potential benefits for modern bioscience and bioengineering by supporting the rapid development of vaccines and therapeutics, enabling the development of new materials, fostering economic development, and helping fight climate change. However, AI-bio capabilities—AI tools and technologies that enable the engineering of living systems—also could be accidentally or deliberately misused to cause significant harm, with the potential to cause a global biological catastrophe.”

“To reduce biosecurity risks that arise at the intersection of AI and the life sciences, NTI | bio convened experts in the fields of synthetic biology, machine learning, bioinformatics, and international security policy on January 11, 2024 to outline steps toward establishing an international AI-Bio Forum.”

Read more here.

“Towards Risk Analysis of the Impact of AI on the Deliberate Biological Threat Landscape”

Matthew E. Walsh recently authored this article: “The perception that the convergence of biological engineering and artificial intelligence (AI) could enable increased biorisk has recently drawn attention to the governance of biotechnology and artificial intelligence. The 2023 Executive Order, Executive Order on the Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence, requires an assessment of how artificial intelligence can increase biorisk. Within this perspective, we present a simplistic framework for evaluating biorisk and demonstrate how this framework falls short in achieving actionable outcomes for a biorisk manager. We then suggest a potential path forward that builds upon existing risk characterization work and justify why characterization efforts of AI-enabled tools for engineering biology is needed.”

“Lessons from Kazakhstan for 2024: On the Front Lines of Nuclear and Biological Risks”

From CSR: “The paper starts with a section on Kazakhstan’s past and current roles regarding nuclear risks, and continues with a section on its past and current roles regarding biological risks. Each section starts with a summary of the Soviet weapons of mass destruction legacy that Kazakhstan inherited upon independence. We then provide an overview of Kazakhstan’s decision to relinquish and eliminate these legacies, followed by a discussion of the nation’s unique current roles regarding the NPT and IABS. In each of these sections, we include pertinent background to show why progress in 2024 is central to the international community, remaining confident that existing norms and agreements will persist and be implemented as intended.”

“We then conclude the paper with brief recommendations on how Kazakhstan can leverage its past decisions and current leadership roles to drive such progress, summarized here. First, Kazakhstan and other nations playing key roles in the NPT process should elevate the urgency of reducing the role of nuclear weapons. There is also an opportunity to parse how this might be pursued, in particular in calling for an end to tactical nuclear weapons as one concrete step. Second, Kazakhstan should continue the push within the NPT forum for a nuclear weapons database and universal reporting template to encourage trust and mitigate miscalculation risks. Third, Kazakhstan should continue to pursue the IABS in the manner it has over the past year: driving dialogue on the most important ways such an entity could augment the existing international system and begin filling some of its gaps, and scoping what an achievable launch of the IABS would look like. Finally, while Kazakhstan is presently playing unique leadership roles, no single nation can make progress alone. We hope that all nations will cooperate in advancing concrete steps for the 2026 NPT Review Conference and help perpetuate positive discourse regarding a future IABS.”

“Addressing Misconceptions About Biological and Chemical Weapons and Related Legal Frameworks”

From VERTIC: “This webpage and the related report form the primary outputs of a project undertaken by VERTIC in 2022 and 2023, funded by the UK Chemical and Biological Weapons, Counter Proliferation and Arms Control Centre of the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office. The main purpose of this resource is to disprove misconceptions about chemical and biological weapons and related international instruments. It addresses misconceptions about biological and chemical weapons and related legal frameworks that VERTIC staff have identified through interactions with states over 20 years’ work on these treaties, and from other sources such as the media. Each misconception is broken down into an explanation of the misconception and its implications, and how to address it. The misconceptions are then disproved through factual and legal discussions, supported by expert commentary.”

Countering WMD Journal

From USANCA: “Published semi-annually, this edition of the Countering WMD Journal includes articles from authors across the CWMD community on a range of topics relevant to professionals in this field. We would like to publicly acknowledge all the effort put forth by the contributors to the 27th Edition.”
 
“Among the articles published in the 27th Edition are “The CWMD ‘Operational Void” by Mr. Paul Sigler and Maj. James Bowen, “Avoiding Strategic Miscalculation” by Maj. Kirk Shoemaker, and “A Unique Solution to Nuclear Reactor Parameter Centralization: Streamlining the Search and Analysis of WMD Reactors of Concern” by Cadet Aaron Calhoun and Cadet Matthew Eckert. New sections in this edition of the journal include book reviews and “Journal Article Watch” by Dr. Jeffrey Rolfes, which spotlights policy and scientific research of interest to the CWMD community.”

“Protein Design Meets Biosecurity”

From Science: “The power and accuracy of computational protein design have been increasing rapidly with the incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) approaches. This promises to transform biotechnology, enabling advances across sustainability and medicine. DNA synthesis plays a critical role in materializing designed proteins. However, as with all major revolutionary changes, this technology is vulnerable to misuse and the production of dangerous biological agents. To enable the full benefits of this revolution while mitigating risks that may emerge, all synthetic gene sequence and synthesis data should be collected and stored in repositories that are only queried in emergencies to ensure that protein design proceeds in a safe, secure, and trustworthy manner.”

Read this editorial here.

WHO Releases Draft Decision on Strengthening Laboratory Biological Risk Management

The WHO recently uploaded this draft decision proposed by the EU and the US.

b154_conf3-enDownload

“Integrating Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories for Emergency Use Testing during Pandemics”

Hodges et al. recently published this article in Emerging Infectious Diseases: “The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic showed limitations in human outbreak testing. Veterinary diagnostic laboratories (VDLs) possess capabilities to bolster emergency test capacity. Surveys from 26 participating VDLs found human SARS-CoV-2 testing was mutually beneficial, including One Health benefits. VDLs indicated testing >3.8 million human samples during the pandemic, which included some challenges.”

“ASPR TRACIE 2023 Year in Review”

From ASPR TRACIE: “In September 2023, ASPR TRACIE celebrated our eighth anniversary; by the end of 2023, we cumulatively tallied nearly 2 million visits to our website and responded to close to 12,000 TA requests (while maintaining a 99% user satisfaction rating). For close to four years, we have addressed a surge of COVID-19- specific TA requests (over 3,000 TA were related to COVID-19), maintained 20 COVID-19-specific resource collections, and created/refreshed nearly 100 resources to help our stakeholders make their way through this unprecedented challenge. As communities grappled with concurrent disasters and mass casualty incidents, our team worked hard to ensure our website remained available 24/7 and our materials were supportive and timely.”

Read more here.

“An Open Letter to World Leaders: Now Is the Time to Lead and Achieve an Ambitious, Legally-Binding Pandemic Accord”

A recently signed letter from “more than 40 senior representatives from The Elders, The Global Preparedness Monitoring Board, The Independent Panel, Pandemic Action Network, The Panel for a Global Public Health Convention and Spark Street Advisors”: “Therefore, our Chairs, leaders, and members of the Secretariat have come together for the first time to sign this open letter to world leaders.“

“They outline the need for leadership, urgency and commitment to conclude a pandemic accord that goes well beyond business as usual, and guarantees the equitable access, finance and accountability needed to make COVID-19 the last pandemic of such devastation.”
“Their call represents their ongoing commitment to continue to advocate for a world protected from pandemics, and their knowledge that business as usual will absolutely not do.”

Read more here.

“The Pipeline for Pandemic Products is Bare. Here’s Why It Matters”

Jenny Lei Ravelo recently published this article in Devex: “One of the key concepts born out of the COVID-19 pandemic is the 100 Days Mission, an initiative endorsed by the Group of Seven major economies and the Group of 20 industrialized and emerging-market nations whose goal is to have effective diagnostics, treatments, and vaccines within 100 days of a public health emergency declaration.”

“But a new report reveals serious gaps in the clinical pipeline for diseases with pandemic potential, and limited investments in their research and development over the years.”

“There are no approved treatments and very few in clinical trials for diseases with high fatality rates, such as Marburg and Nipah. There are also no diagnostics in late-stage clinical development for Zika and SARS.”

Read more here.

“Why Drug Resistance is Becoming One of Our Biggest Global Health Security Blind-Spots”

Manica Balasegaram recently authored this piece for the World Economic Forum, writing in part “Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is already one of the biggest global killers, with nearly 5 million deaths a year. Yet, few people know what it is, let alone the threat it poses to them. One reason for this is its insidious nature. AMR likely won’t hit us hard and fast like a pandemic; instead we’ll see a steady rise in cases of treatable infections becoming once again untreatable, with even minor infections or medical procedures becoming life-threatening.”

“In time, the 23-year global increase in life expectancy we have experienced thanks to antibiotics could be steadily reversed. Given that all this could be prevented, perhaps one of the things that makes drug resistance now one of our greatest global health security threats is the very fact that too few people view it as one.”

“Knowledge Is Power in the Fight Against Synthetic Opioids”

From DHS S&T: “The Department of Homeland Security’s (DHS) Homeland Security Investigations recently announced in its Strategy for Combating Illicit Opioids that the agency has seized more than 54,000 pounds of fentanyl and interdicted over 2.2 million pounds of synthetic drug precursor chemicals over the last five years. Still, overdose deaths continue to rise, and the ways opioids reach users constantly evolve.”

“The Science and Technology Directorate (S&T) is working with partners at every government level on opioid detection and is curtailing the illicit flow of fentanyl into the country, both cornerstones of the Biden Administration’s Unity Agenda Strategy for defeating the overdose epidemic. S&T’s Chemical Security Analysis Center (CSAC), the preeminent national laboratory dedicated to identifying and assessing chemical threats, has been researching opioids since its establishment in 2006 and currently has a number of efforts focusing on combating the threat that synthetic opioids pose.”

Read more here.

What We’re Listening To 🎧

Poisons and Pestilence Bonus Episode: The French Connection with Etienne Aucouturier

“In this episode, we examine the development of the French CBW programme  post WW-2″.

NEW: Enhancing the Global Food System’s Resilience to Biological Threats

“This virtual event, hosted by the Scowcroft Institute of International Affairs at Texas A&M, will take place on February 20, 1:00-2:30 PM [CST].”

“A year after the Biden Administration’s National Security Memorandum on Strengthening the Security and Resilience of United States Food and Agriculture (NSM-16), Scowcroft is convening stakeholders from across industry, academia, and government to identify the policies and technologies needed to safeguard the world’s food system against biological threats. Planned topics include microbial food production, AI-enabled crop disease surveillance, and genomic engineering to improve plant disease resistance, among others.”

“For more details, find a draft agenda here. 

Speakers include:

  • David Stiefel, National Security Policy Analyst, National Security Division, USDA and former Director for Biodefense on the National Security Council
  • Nils Justen, Policy Analyst, National Security Commission on Emerging Biotechnology (NSCEB)
  • Shannon Nangle, CEO and Co-Founder, Circe Biosciences 
  • Seth Murray, Professor Butler Chair, Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University
  • Yiping Qi, Professor, Plant Sciences and Landscaping, University of Maryland”

Register here.

NEW: The Advancing Threat Agnostic Biodefense Webinar Series

From PNNL: “Join us as we welcome Dr. Tony Goldberg, professor in the School of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. His talk, titled “Assessing the Zoonotic Risk of Pre-emergent Viruses” will be Tuesday, February 20, at noon PT.“

“Exploration of the “virosphere” is in its golden age. The sheer number of new viruses discovered daily, and the fact that most cannot be cultured, creates enormous uncertainty about where to allocate attention and resources. It is not an intractable problem, however, to distinguish those few viruses that are likely to emerge as zoonoses from the many others that are not. This talk describes two diametric approaches to addressing this problem.”

Learn more and register here.

NEW: Introducing IBBIS: Safeguarding Bioscience and Biotechnology for a Safer Future

“The Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI) is launching the International Biosecurity and Biosafety Initiative for Science (IBBIS) during an official side event at the 2024 Munich Security Conference. IBBIS is a new, independent organization based in Geneva that will work with global partners to strengthen biosecurity norms and develop innovative tools to uphold them. IBBIS will help reduce the risk of catastrophic events that could result from deliberate abuse or accidental misuse of bioscience and biotechnology so they can flourish, safely and responsibly.”

“NTI Co-Chair and CEO Ernest J. Moniz will moderate a senior-level panel discussion featuring: Weiwen Zhang, director, Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy, Tianjin University; James Diggans, head of biosecurity, Twist Bioscience; Luciana Borio, venture partner, ARCH Venture Partners and senior fellow for global health, Council on Foreign Relations; and Piers Millett, executive director, IBBIS. Amandeep Gill, UN Secretary General’s Envoy on Technology, will provide recorded remarks.”

This in-person event will take place at Literaturhaus München on Thursday, February 15. Learn more and RSVP here.

NEW: Presidential Advisory Council on Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Public Meeting

“The 24th PACCARB public meeting will be held virtually on February 22, 2024. This will be the second of two meetings to address the task provided to the PACCARB by the Secretary of HHS to address antimicrobial resistance globally. The focus of the meeting will be on international implementers and the gaps, challenges, and opportunities they see to combat AMR globally – specifically focusing on low- and middle-income countries. Current times are tentative and subject to change.”

This event will take place on February 22, at 9 am. Submit public comments and register to attend here.

NEW: SBA.3 International Synthetic Biology, and Biosecurity Conference in Africa

“Join us for the SBA.3 International Synthetic Biology and Biosecurity Conference in Africa, a groundbreaking event that brings together experts, researchers, and enthusiasts in the field of synthetic biology. This in-person conference will take place at the Laico Regency Hotel from Wed, Jul 17, 2024 to Friday, Jul 19, 2024.”

“Get ready to dive into the exciting world of synthetic biology and explore its potential applications in Africa. From cutting-edge research to innovative solutions, this conference offers a unique opportunity to learn, network, and collaborate with like-minded individuals.”

“Discover the latest advancements, trends, and challenges in synthetic biology through engaging keynote speeches, interactive workshops, and thought-provoking panel discussions. Immerse yourself in a vibrant atmosphere where ideas flow freely and new connections are made.”

“Whether you’re a seasoned professional or just starting your journey in synthetic biology, this conference provides a platform to expand your knowledge, exchange ideas, and contribute to the growth of the field in Africa.”

“Don’t miss out on this extraordinary event that promises to shape the future of synthetic biology and biosecurity in Africa. Mark your calendars and join us at the SBA.3 International Synthetic Biology and Biosecurity Conference in Africa!”

Learn more and register here.

Policy Frontiers: Realizing the Benefits, Managing the Risks of Artificial Intelligence-Driven Biotechnology

From the Center for Health Security: “The conversation will delve into the impact and implementation of the President’s AI Executive Order related to the convergence of AI and biotechnology, challenges and opportunities that still need to be addressed, and Congress’ role in governance of these rapidly evolving technologies.”

“The panel, moderated by Dr. Inglesby, will examine AI in the life sciences and health security, both the potential for advances in pandemic preparedness as well as what needs to be done now to guard against potentially consequential risks of accidents or misuse.”

“A reception including hors d’oeuvres and beverages will follow the program. This is a great opportunity for you to network and engage in meaningful conversations on this timely topic.”

This event will take place on February 8 at 5 pm EST. RSVP here.

ICYMI: CNS Seminar on the Intersection of Artificial Intelligence and WMD Nonproliferation

From CNS: “On January 24, 2024, the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS) convened a timely seminar to address the intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and weapons of mass destruction (WMD) nonproliferation.”

“The seminar showcased the wide range of CNS expertise and its collaborative relationships with industry. Dr. Sarah Shoker from Open AI spoke about ongoing efforts to evaluate the potential exploitation of frontier models by nefarious actors seeking WMD capabilities. Dr. Ian Stewart, Head of the CNS DC office, demonstrated how one can leverage cutting-edge AI tools to streamline nonproliferation workflows while Steven de la Fuente discussed how AI approaches can enhance and expedite open-source data collection and imagery analysis. Pivoting to risks, Dr. Allison Berke, Director of the Chemical and Biological Weapons Nonproliferation Program, presented her research assessing the potential dangers of AI-enabled bio-design technologies, which could allow nefarious actors to engineer novel toxins. CNS Scientist-in-Residence Dr. Ferenc Dalnoki-Veress explored classroom applications of AI tools to enhance arms control pedagogy and research through AI agent-based simulations. Dr. Ian Stewart closed out the speaker session by examining emerging policy and governance challenges.”

Read more here.

WEBINAR: State Department 2023 Global Terrorism Data: Trends & Warnings

From Homeland Security Today: “Join HSToday for a Law Enforcement-only analysis of global terrorism trends from 2023 and threat forecasts for 2024. The Department of State’s yearly Annex of Statistical Information Reports uses The Global Terrorism Trends and Analysis Center (GTTAC) database.”

“Dr. Mahmut Cengiz, a senior data analyst at GTTAC since 2018, will discuss terrorism trends from 2023 and areas of concern for law enforcement in the United States (US). More specifically, his analyses will focus on HAMAS and Iran-backed terror groups targeting American facilities in the Middle East, Al Qaeda- and ISIS-affiliated organizations actively involved in terrorist attacks worldwide, increasing far-right terrorism and emerging lone actor threats in the US and Europe. The Terrorism, Transnational Crime and Corruption Center (TraCCC) is the first center in the United States devoted to understanding the links among terrorism, transnational crime and corruption, and to teach, research, train and help formulate policy on these critical issues. TraCCC is a research center within the Schar School of Policy and Government at George Mason University. TraCCC also houses the innovative and highly-respected Anti-Illicit Trade Institute (AITI).”

This event will take place on February 8 at 2 pm EST. Learn more and register here.

GP Nonproliferation and Strategic Trade Hub Virtual Launch & Demo  

“The Strategic Trade Research Institute (STRI) invites you to participate in the Global Partnership Nonproliferation and Strategic Trade Hub Virtual Launch and Demo event taking place on February 27, 2024, from 9:00-10:00 am EST.”

“Please join us to learn about the main features of the Hub, how to use it, and how it can be useful and impactful for nonproliferation and export control professionals. The event will feature Andrea Viski, Director of STRI, as well as introductory remarks from the Hub’s sponsor, the United Kingdom’s Counter-proliferation and Arms Control Center (CPACC).”

Learn more and register here.

International Conference, CBRNE Research & Innovation

“The last 40 years have demonstrated that both military and civilian populations could be exposed to highly hazardous CBRNE agents following conflicts, natural outbreaks and disasters, industrial incidents or terrorist attacks.”

“Worldwide, researchers, responders and industrial capacities have been commited to provide adapted response to these challenges.”

“Building on the success of the first 5 International Conferences « CBRNE Research and Innovation » which took place in Antibes (2015), Lyon (2017), Nantes (2019), on line (2021) and Lille (2022), we want to give you a new opportunity to build up or strengthen collaborative networks in Strabourg (March 19th – 21rst 2024).”

“The CBRNE R&I Conference is specifically devoted to scientific updates, responders’ feedbacks and expression of needs. It also includes workshops and demonstrations of innovative materials, technologies and procedures, according to the following themes: DETECTION – IDENTIFICATION, PROTECTION – DECONTAMINATION, MEDICAL COUNTERMEASURES, RISKS & CRISIS MANAGEMENT.”

“Looking forward to your proposals for communication and to welcoming you at Strasbourg in March 2024!”

Learn more here.

cbrne-ri-conference-2024-_-flyer-ppt-v06.11.2023-1Download

Registration for GHS 2024 Now Open

Registration is now open for the Global Health Security 2024 conference in Sydney, Australia. This iteration will take place 18-21 June, 2024. The call for abstracts is also still open. “The mission of the Global Health Security conference is to provide a forum where leaders, researchers, policy-makers, and representatives from government, international organisations, civil society, and private industry from around the world can engage with each other, review the latest research and policy innovations, and agree solutions for making the world safer and healthier. To that end, our mission is to help foster a genuinely multidisciplinary community of practice that is committed to working collaboratively to enhance global health security and eliminate disease, irrespective of its origin or source.”

High School and College Student Internship: Data Analytics for Elite Young Scholars – Biology and Medical Science Experience

“The Young Scholars Research Program is tailored for high-achieving high school and undergraduate students aspiring to delve into the realms of biology or medical science, with a strong focus on advanced data analytics. Participants will have the unique opportunity to collaborate with esteemed faculty members from GMU, forming interdisciplinary teams comprising 3 to 4 individuals encompassing both high school and undergraduate students.”

“At the outset of the program, students will be assigned to specific team projects based on their indicated preferences. Each team is expected to produce two significant outputs by the program’s conclusion. Firstly, a final paper showcasing their research findings will be published on the Center for Biomedical Science & Policy (CBSP) website and the Schar School Young Scholars Journals Webpage. Secondly, teams will present their projects at a conference where students have the chance to compete for prizes.”

“Throughout the program, participants will engage in hands-on research projects employing a variety of methodologies. This may include but is not limited to, biostatistics utilizing R or Stata, data visualization employing QGIS or ArcGIS, and network visualization using tools like Gephi. The comprehensive nature of the program ensures a rich and immersive experience for students passionate about advancing their understanding and skills in the fields of biology and medical science.”

Learn more here.

Agricultural Bioterrorism Protection Act of 2002; Biennial Review and Republication of the Select Agent and Toxin List

“In accordance with the Agricultural Bioterrorism Protection Act of 2002, we are proposing to amend and republish the list of select agents and toxins that have the potential to pose a severe threat to animal or plant health, or to animal or plant products. This Act requires the biennial review and republication of the list of select agents and toxins and the revision of the list as necessary. This action would implement findings from the biennial review for the list. The biennial review was initiated within 2 years of the completion of the previous biennial review. In addition, we are proposing to add definitions for several terms; codify policies regarding the role of responsible officials and alternate responsible officials, conclusion of patient care, and annual internal inspections; and revise or clarify provisions related to validated inactivation procedures and viable select agent removal methods, recordkeeping, non-possession of select agents and toxins, electronic Federal Select Agent Programs, registration, Tier 1 enhancements, and exclusion of naturally infected animals. We are also proposing to add requirements for reporting discoveries of select agents and toxins, provisions regarding effluent decontamination system, biosafety provisions for facility verification requirements for registered biosafety level 3 and animal biosafety level 3 laboratories, a new requirement related to restricted experiments, and to correct editorial errors. These proposed changes would economically benefit producers, research and reference laboratories, and State and Federal oversight agencies, while also maintaining adequate program oversight of select agents and toxins.”

Read more and submit comments here.

Pandora Report 1.26.2024

by dkellogg97, posted in Pandora Report

This week covers the updated Doomsday Clock time, new HHS cybersecurity performance goals for the health sector, a podcast episode with our own Sonia Ben Ouagrham-Gormley covering her work on barriers to biological weapons, new publications, and more!

Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists Science and Security Board Leaves Doomsday Clock at 90 Seconds to Midnight

The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists Science and Security Board recently announced that it left the Doomsday Clock at 90 seconds to midnight this year, based on threats like nuclear risk, climate change, biological threats, and disruptive technologies. In its statement, the board said in part “Ominous trends continue to point the world toward global catastrophe. The war in Ukraine and the widespread and growing reliance on nuclear weapons increase the risk of nuclear escalation. China, Russia, and the United States are all spending huge sums to expand or modernize their nuclear arsenals, adding to the ever-present danger of nuclear war through mistake or miscalculation.”

“In 2023, Earth experienced its hottest year on record, and massive floods, wildfires, and other climate-related disasters affected millions of people around the world. Meanwhile, rapid and worrisome developments in the life sciences and other disruptive technologies accelerated, while governments made only feeble efforts to control them.”

In its in-depth explanation of biological risks that factored into this decision, the board explains that “The revolution in the life sciences and associated technologies continues to accelerate and expand in scope, enabling an increasing number of individuals, in groups and alone, to pose threats arising from both accidental and deliberate misuse. During the past six months, the potential for artificial intelligence tools to empower individuals to misuse biology has become far more apparent.”

The same sidebar also explains that “Two other types of biological risks remain causes for concern: accidental release of organisms from laboratories and naturally occurring infectious diseases, especially those with pandemic potential. Deforestation, urbanization, and climate change continue to destabilize microbe-host relationships and facilitate the emergence of infectious diseases. Meanwhile, high-biosafety-level laboratories have proliferated around the world, as has risky research motivated by interests in controlling these diseases. Despite the importance of understanding and countering naturally occurring biological threats, it isn’t clear that all of these high-biosafety-level laboratories or high-risk experiments are needed for achieving these goals. As the number of laboratories and amount of risky research increases, and the failure to standardize safe laboratory practices and to institute adequate research oversight persists, the risk of accidental release of dangerous pathogens worsens.”

HHS Announces New Voluntary Performance Goals, Resources for Health Sector Cybersecurity

This week, the Department of Health and Human Services announced via the Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response (ASPR) that it is releasing “voluntary health care specific cybersecurity performance goals (CPGs) and a new gateway website to help Health Care and Public Health (HPH) sector organizations implement these high-impact cybersecurity practices and ease access to the plethora of cybersecurity resources HHS and other federal partners offer.”

The statement further explained “As outlined in the recent HHS Health Care Sector Cybersecurity concept paper, HHS is publishing the CPGs to help health care organizations, and health care delivery organizations in particular, prioritize implementation of high-impact cybersecurity practices. The HPH CPGs are designed to better protect the healthcare sector from cyberattacks, improve response when events occur, and minimize residual risk. HPH CPGs include both essential goals to outline minimum foundational practices for cybersecurity performance and enhanced goals to encourage adoption of more advanced practices.”

Read more here.

“Sonia Ben Ouagrham-Gormley on Barriers to Bioweapons”

From Hear This Idea: “Sonia Ben Ouagrham-Gormley is an associate professor at George Mason University and the deputy director of their biodefense program. Sonia has written extensively on the proliferation and non-proliferation of bioweapons, being one of the key voices to have emphasized the challenges that organizations, tacit knowledge, and other factors have caused for states and terrorists that have attempted to acquire weapons of mass destruction.”

“In this episode we talk about:

  • Misconceptions around the ease of bioweapon production — how and why bioweapons programs face unique challenges compared to nuclear weapons programs
  • The crucial role of tacit knowledge in bioweapons production
  • Will AI make bioweapons much easier to develop, or will human expertise remain a major bottleneck?
  • Case studies of bioweapons programs, illustrating the practical difficulties and failures encountered even by well-resourced state actors.
  • (How) has Biological Weapons Convention prevented bioweapon proliferation?
  • Do global political trends point towards proliferation, even without AI?”

“How Reliable is ISIS’s Claiming Responsibility for Deadly Attacks in Iran?”

Schar School associate professor Mahmut Cengiz recently authored this piece for Homeland Security Today, in which he writes in part “These discrepancies related to the twin blasts bring up a question of how reliable ISIS is when the group claims responsibility for terrorist attacks. Terrorist groups aim to take credit when a group spokesperson, on behalf of the organization,  states that the group is the perpetrator of the attack. They tend to claim responsibility for attacks—targeting state institutions and the military rather than civilians— when they aim to gain publicity and when the backlash from the government is not likely. As opposed to terrorist attacks that claimed most responsibility in the 1980s and 1990s, every one of seven attacks has been recorded claiming responsibility since 2018. According to the Global Terrorism and Trends Analysis Center (GTTAC) Records of Incidents Database (GRID), the attacks by ISIS and its affiliated organizations steadily increased from 2018 to 2022. They conducted 873 attacks in the first ten months of 2023. Contrary to increasing attacks, its attacks of claiming responsibility slightly increased between 2018 and 2020 and dropped in 2021 and 2022. ISIS groups claimed responsibility in its 161 attacks. “

“Beyond Borders, Beyond Biases: Building a Biosecure Future with Diverse Voices”

Aparupa Sengupta, Senior Program Officer for Global Biological Policy and Programs at NTI, discusses the importance of diversity and inclusion in biosafety and biosecurity governance in this piece for NTI. She writes in part “At NTI, we believe the greatest risk of these catastrophic effects is from the accidental or intentional misuse of a bio-engineered agent. Therefore, we focus on developing stronger biosafety and biosecurity policies and practices to protect against these manmade risks. This work requires global cooperation and shared responsibility, and an understanding that diverse perspectives and experiences are essential. Without them, we will face widening knowledge gaps and international resentment, ultimately sabotaging our ability to collectively address bio threats.”

“Recently, the Center for Security and International Studies (CSIS) published a report recommending actions to strengthen global biosafety and biosecurity. As someone with more than 15 years of experience working in the interface of science, technology, and biosafety/security, I endorse all eight recommendations in the report but suggest adding a ninth one to the list: “Prioritize diversity and inclusion for effective global biosafety and biosecurity governance.”’

“Did China Keep the COVID Virus Sequence Secret for Weeks?”

Matt Field breaks down questions surrounding China’s sharing of the SARS-CoV-2 genetic sequence in the early days of COVID-19 in this piece for the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists: “In outbreak response, speed is critical as authorities seek to quickly determine the cause of a disease and prevent it from spreading. A new report is now raising fresh questions about China’s early response to COVID-19. The Wall Street Journal revealed Wednesday that a researcher in Beijing attempted to upload the genetic sequence SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID, to a US-based public database about two weeks before the Chinese government publicized the pathogen’s sequence, a lag that potentially robbed scientists and health officials of valuable time.”

“Investigating the Potential Strategic Implications of COVID-19 for Biological Weapons Pursuit: A New Expert Simulation”

Ackerman et al. recently published this article in Health Security: “To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the strategic decisionmaking of leaders with respect to biological weapons, this study employed a prospective simulation technique called Asynchronous Strategic Dynamics Red Teaming. Using an immersive, multimedia simulation conducted remotely and asynchronously, the effort engaged 240 carefully selected and curated expert participants in either biological weapons or the countries of interest (as well as 60 naïve participants). Across our sample of 30 countries, simulated interest in pursuing some type of biological weapons program (defensive or offensive) remained low to moderate. While such interest increased after the simulated onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, it was limited overall, with only a handful of states showing salient increases in offensive biological weapon interest. When directly referencing why their countries might have changed their post-COVID-19 interest in biological weapons, the most commonly cited reasons were: (1) COVID-19 demonstrated the power of biological weapons to disrupt societies and cause large-scale economic harm, and (2) the pandemic revealed either the state’s own or its rivals’ vulnerability to diseases like COVID-19, as well as an inability to efficiently respond and contain such diseases. In sum, despite a global pandemic with massive consequences, the simulation revealed that most states are not likely to dramatically change their strategic posture regarding pursuit of offensive biological weapons.”

“Catalogue of Civil Society Assistance for BWC States Parties”

From the Stimson Center: “The Catalogue of Civil Society Assistance to States Parties annually highlights the contributions of civil society to the BWC and States Parties and to the enhancement of biological safety and security. From Ottawa to Hamburg, there are civil society assistance programs across the world that are available to support the implementation of the BWC. The catalogue includes organization and project descriptions and points of contact for each program, which aims to facilitate stronger connections between civil society and State Parties in need of assistance.”

“The Operational Risks of AI in Large-Scale Biological Attacks”

New from RAND: “The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has far-reaching implications across multiple domains, including concern regarding the potential development of biological weapons. This potential application of AI raises particular concerns because it is accessible to nonstate actors and individuals. The speed at which AI technologies are evolving often surpasses the capacity of government regulatory oversight, leading to a potential gap in existing policies and regulations.”

“In this report, the authors share final results of a study of the potential risks of using large language models (LLMs) in the context of biological weapon attacks. They conducted an expert exercise in which teams of researchers role-playing as malign nonstate actors were assigned to realistic scenarios and tasked with planning a biological attack; some teams had access to an LLM along with the internet, and others were provided only access to the internet. The authors sought to identify potential risks posed by LLM misuse, generate policy insights to mitigate any risks, and contribute to responsible LLM development. The findings indicate that using the existing generation of LLMs did not measurably change the operational risk of such an attack.”

“Implementing The Bioeconomy Executive Order: Lessons Learned And Future Considerations”

Nazish Jeffrey breaks down the Federations of American Scientists’ Bioeconomy EO Tracker in this piece, writing “With the U.S. bioeconomy valued at over $950 billion and predicted to steadily increase, the potential for significant economic impact is unmistakable. To leverage this economic opportunity, the 2022 Bioeconomy Executive Order (EO) took a significant step towards addressing the complexities of the bioeconomy and creating a whole-of-government approach. The scope of the EO was vast, assigning around 40 tasks to many different federal agencies, in order to create a national framework to leverage bio-based innovations for sustainable economic growth.”

“To track the numerous tasks assigned by the EO, the Federation of American Scientists have put together a living Bioeconomy EO tracker to monitor the progress of these tasks, enhance accountability and to allow stakeholders to stay informed on the state of the U.S. bioeconomy as it evolves. This FAS tracker was inspired by the initial tracker created by Stanford University when the EO was first published.”

“Public Health Preparedness: HHS Emergency Agency Needs to Strengthen Workforce Planning”

In this new Government Accountability Office report, GAO recommends that “ASPR (1) establish specific goals and performance measures to use for its new hiring office once it is fully operational, (2) develop tailored strategies for recruiting and hiring human capital staff for the new office, (3) identify the critical areas that need workforce assessments and develop plans to implement them, and (4) conduct an agency-wide workforce assessment. HHS neither agreed nor disagreed with the first two recommendations and agreed with the last two recommendations. GAO believes actions are needed to address all of the recommendations.”

Read more here.

“Dissecting Pandemic-Prone Viral Families Volume 2: The Paramyxoviridae”

Amesh A. Adalja covers the Paramyxoviridae family in this volume of Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security’s Dissecting Pandemic-Prone Viral Families,” writing in part “Paramyxoviridae is a large viral family that contains many once common and wellknown human pathogens, such as measles and mumps, as well as other pathogens that pose concerns for their potential to cause epidemic or pandemic disease.1″

“This family of viruses infects a wide variety of species, ranging from reptiles to rodents and fish to birds. While diseases such as measles and mumps cause little morbidity and mortality in advanced societies today—because of high levels of vaccine-induced immunity—other members of this viral family have considerable burdens of infection with attendant morbidity and mortality risks. Also, within this family, there is one genus of consequence – Henipavirus – that has already been responsible for a number of serious emerging infectious diseases. The table below summarizes key genera and viruses of this family.1”

“The Overlooked Bacterial Pandemic”

Moriel et al. recently published this work in Seminars in Immunopathology: “The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant economic and health impact worldwide. It also reinforced the misperception that only viruses can pose a threat to human existence, overlooking that bacteria (e.g., plague and cholera) have severely haunted and shaped the course of human civilization. While the world is preparing for the next viral pandemic, it is again overlooking a silent one: antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This review proposes to show the impact of bacterial infections on civilization to remind the pandemic potential. The work will also discuss a few examples of how bacteria can mutate risking global spread and devastating outcomes, the effect on the global burden, and the prophylactic and therapeutic measures. Indeed, AMR is dramatically increasing and if the trend is not reversed, it has the potential to quickly turn into the most important health problem worldwide.”

“Etymologia: Ring Vaccination”

Sharma et al. recently published this short piece covering ring vaccination’s etymology in Emerging Infectious Diseases: “Ring Vaccination [rɪŋ-væk-sɪ′-neɪ-ʃn] Ring vaccination (expanding ring, surveillance and containment) is a public health measure designed to prevent spread of disease from infected persons to others. This approach targets persons who have had close contact with confirmed or suspected cases and are at a higher risk of infection by vaccinating them first (Figure).”

Read more here.

“Russian Military Thought and Doctrine Related to Non-strategic Nuclear Weapons: Change and Continuity”

William Alberque tackles Russian nuclear doctrine in this report for the International Institute for Strategic Studies: “Russian nuclear doctrine, especially regarding its large stockpile of non-strategic nuclear weapons, has become one of the most pressing issues in Euro-Atlantic security. This report aims to build an understanding of Russia’s strategic nuclear weapons doctrine through empirical research, including by examining the continuities and discontinuities in doctrine across time, through the Cold War, to the collapse of the Soviet Union, to Russia’s annexation of Crimea, and in Russia’s ongoing war on Ukraine.”

Global Partnership Against the Spread of Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction Newsletter

The Global Partnership Against the Spread of Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction’s newsletter is published quarterly and is available for subscription here. This quarter’s edition focuses on Italy’s upcoming Global Partnership presidency, the Partnership’s 2023 Programming Annex, featured articles, community updates, and more.

“UNITAD – Key Investigations as UN Mechanism Reaches Its Final Reporting Year”

Sam Biden covers the work of the UN Investigate Team to Promote Accountability  Crimes Committed by Da’esh/ISIL (UNITAD), providing an overview of its key investigations in the last two years in this piece for the Human Security Centre. This includes UNITAD’s work on biological and chemical weapons, under which Biden explains in part, “2023 marked a significant stride in the relentless pursuit of accountability for ISIL’s chemical and biological weapons program. The investigation during this reporting period yielded substantial evidence from earlier inquiries strategies regarding the production and delivery of the weapons themselves. These key lines of inquiry harnessed new collaborations with technical experts, including those from the Mine Action Service, provided essential insights into a wide array of attacks. UNITADs work extended to collecting and preserving evidence linked to 12 attacks yet continued to focus on gathering further evidence from the 2016 attack on Tazah Khurmatu. This ultimately led to the collection of new battlefield evidence and files, shedding light on ISIL’s operations in Kirkuk and implicating specific persons of interest. A comprehensive report focused on the 2016 attack on Tazah Khurmatu was shared with the Iraqi judiciary, encapsulating critical findings from the ongoing investigation.”

ICYMI-“Event Summary: U.S.–UK Strategic Dialogue on Biosecurity”

“On January 16, the Council on Strategic Risks (CSR) hosted senior government leaders for the launch of the U.S.–UK Strategic Dialogue on Biosecurity at the historic National Academy of Sciences Building in Washington, D.C.”

“Building upon decades of partnership between the two countries, the Strategic Dialogue is a core component of the Atlantic Declaration—the new bilateral economic partnership established in 2023 to adapt, reinforce, and reimagine the U.S.-UK alliance for the challenges of the twenty-first century. Following the event, the U.S. National Security Council and the UK Cabinet Office released a joint statement outlining the Strategic Dialogue’s intent, including coordination to uphold global norms and commitments to lead on innovation in biotechnology and biosecurity.”

Read more here.

NEW: AI Rewards, Risks, and the Future of Biosecurity by Design (Pandemic Center Webinar)

From the Brown School of Public Health: “On January 24th at 1:00 PM EST the Pandemic Center will host a webinar titled AI Rewards, Risks, and the Future of Biosecurity by Design.”

“This event will bring together experts in biosecurity, global health, and pandemic prevention and response. Together, they will discuss the relationship between AI and biosecurity, with a focus on benefits, risks, and pragmatic solutions.”

“This event will be hosted and moderated by Beth Cameron, PhD, Professor of the Practice and Senior Advisor to the Pandemic Center.”

Learn more and register here.

NEW: Kazakhstan’s Actions to Address Nuclear and Biological Risks

From the Cargenie Endowment for International Peace: “Upon the 1991 collapse of the Soviet Union, Kazakhstan found itself in possession of the world’s fourth-largest nuclear weapons stockpile and the former union’s most significant biological weapons factory. Kazakhstan’s subsequent decision to return and dismantle these weapons has solidified its position as a leader in nuclear and biological risk reduction. For the last thirty years, Kazakhstan’s actions have served as a core model for regional and international security.”

“Please join the Carnegie Endowment and the Council on Strategic Risks for a hybrid panel on Kazakhstan’s increasingly global role in the changing threat landscape of weapons of mass destruction. The discussion will feature Kazakhstan’s Ambassador to the United States of America Yerzhan Ashikbayev, the Honorable Andrew Weber, and Dr. Toghzan Kassenova. It will be moderated by Shannon Green, senior fellow at the Council on Strategic Risks.”

This event will take place on January 30 at 1:30 pm EST. Learn more and RSVP here.

NEW: WEBINAR: State Department 2023 Global Terrorism Data: Trends & Warnings

From Homeland Security Today: “Join HSToday for a Law Enforcement-only analysis of global terrorism trends from 2023 and threat forecasts for 2024. The Department of State’s yearly Annex of Statistical Information Reports uses The Global Terrorism Trends and Analysis Center (GTTAC) database.”

“Dr. Mahmut Cengiz, a senior data analyst at GTTAC since 2018, will discuss terrorism trends from 2023 and areas of concern for law enforcement in the United States (US). More specifically, his analyses will focus on HAMAS and Iran-backed terror groups targeting American facilities in the Middle East, Al Qaeda- and ISIS-affiliated organizations actively involved in terrorist attacks worldwide, increasing far-right terrorism and emerging lone actor threats in the US and Europe. The Terrorism, Transnational Crime and Corruption Center (TraCCC) is the first center in the United States devoted to understanding the links among terrorism, transnational crime and corruption, and to teach, research, train and help formulate policy on these critical issues. TraCCC is a research center within the Schar School of Policy and Government at George Mason University. TraCCC also houses the innovative and highly-respected Anti-Illicit Trade Institute (AITI).”

This event will take place on February 8 at 2 pm EST. Learn more and register here.

AI Executive Order Report Card Reviewing the First 90 Days

“On October 30, 2023, the Biden Administration issued a call to action outlining a host of requirements and deliverables for U.S. government agencies on artificial intelligence. The executive order touched on a range of AI-relevant issues, including testing and evaluation of new AI systems, developing a healthy and capable U.S. AI workforce, and ensuring U.S. competitiveness in the years to come.”

“Join CSET researchers on January 31, 2024, for a discussion of what the U.S. Government has accomplished so far, what have we learned, and what’s left to do to complete the EO’s ambitious goals.”

This online event will begin at 12 pm EST. Learn more and register here.

GP Nonproliferation and Strategic Trade Hub Virtual Launch & Demo  

“The Strategic Trade Research Institute (STRI) invites you to participate in the Global Partnership Nonproliferation and Strategic Trade Hub Virtual Launch and Demo event taking place on February 27, 2024, from 9:00-10:00 am EST.”

“Please join us to learn about the main features of the Hub, how to use it, and how it can be useful and impactful for nonproliferation and export control professionals. The event will feature Andrea Viski, Director of STRI, as well as introductory remarks from the Hub’s sponsor, the United Kingdom’s Counter-proliferation and Arms Control Center (CPACC).”

Learn more and register here.

International Conference, CBRNE Research & Innovation

“The last 40 years have demonstrated that both military and civilian populations could be exposed to highly hazardous CBRNE agents following conflicts, natural outbreaks and disasters, industrial incidents or terrorist attacks.”

“Worldwide, researchers, responders and industrial capacities have been commited to provide adapted response to these challenges.”

“Building on the success of the first 5 International Conferences « CBRNE Research and Innovation » which took place in Antibes (2015), Lyon (2017), Nantes (2019), on line (2021) and Lille (2022), we want to give you a new opportunity to build up or strengthen collaborative networks in Strabourg (March 19th – 21rst 2024).”

“The CBRNE R&I Conference is specifically devoted to scientific updates, responders’ feedbacks and expression of needs. It also includes workshops and demonstrations of innovative materials, technologies and procedures, according to the following themes: DETECTION – IDENTIFICATION, PROTECTION – DECONTAMINATION, MEDICAL COUNTERMEASURES, RISKS & CRISIS MANAGEMENT.”

“Looking forward to your proposals for communication and to welcoming you at Strasbourg in March 2024!”

Learn more here.

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Registration for GHS 2024 Now Open

Registration is now open for the Global Health Security 2024 conference in Sydney, Australia. This iteration will take place 18-21 June, 2024. The call for abstracts is also still open. “The mission of the Global Health Security conference is to provide a forum where leaders, researchers, policy-makers, and representatives from government, international organisations, civil society, and private industry from around the world can engage with each other, review the latest research and policy innovations, and agree solutions for making the world safer and healthier. To that end, our mission is to help foster a genuinely multidisciplinary community of practice that is committed to working collaboratively to enhance global health security and eliminate disease, irrespective of its origin or source.”