Pandora Report 9.20.14

by juliadhomstad, posted in Pandora Report

We are introducing a new feature for the news round up—“Stories You May Have Missed.” This final section consists of fascinating articles I’ve found throughout the week that couldn’t fit in the report. This week the round up includes the UN Security Council’s resolution about Ebola, ISIS using chemical weapons in Iraq, a surprising source to combat antibiotic resistance, and of course, an Ebola update.

Lastly, you know what time of year it is, flu season is starting…don’t forget to get your flu shot!

Have a great weekend!

With Spread of Ebola Outpacing Response, Security Council Adopts Resolution 2177

On Thursday, the United Nations Security Council met to discuss the Ebola outbreak in West Africa and unanimously adopted resolution 2177 (2014). 2177 established the United Nations Mission for Ebola Emergency Response (UNMEER) and calls on Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea to speed up establishment of national mechanisms to deal with this outbreak and to coordinate efficient utilization of international assistance, including health workers and relief supplies. The resolution also calls on other countries to lift their border and travel restrictions saying that isolation of the affected countries could undermine efforts to respond to the outbreak.

The United Nations—“United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon said that the Ebola crisis had evolved into a complex emergency, with significant political, social, economic, humanitarian and security dimensions.  The number of cases was doubling every three weeks, and the suffering and spillover effects in the region and beyond demanded the attention of the entire world.  “Ebola matters to us all,” he said.”

ISIS Uses Chemical Weapons Against Army in Iraq

There were reports this week that the IS terrorist group has used chemical weapons in an attack on the Iraqi army in Saladin province. The reported attack took place Wednesday and Thursday in Dhuluiya, which has been under control of the group for more than two months. The attack affected approximately a dozen people.

One India—“Iraq’s Ambassador to the UN, Mohamed Ali Alhakim said in a letter that remnants of 2,500 chemical rockets filled with the deadly nerve agent sarin were kept along with other chemical warfare agents in a facility 55 km northwest of Baghdad. He added that the site’s surveillance system showed that some equipment had been looted after “armed terrorist groups” penetrated the site June 11.”

Vaginas May be the Answer to the Fight Against Drug-Resistant Bacteria

A naturally occurring bacterium found by scientists from the University of California, San Francisco, School of Pharmacy might be the key to addressing the threat of a post antibiotic future. Found in the female vagina, Lactobacillus gasseri is the basis for Lactocilin, a possible antibiotic alternative. This discovery comes at a time where the WHO has declared antimicrobial resistance as “an increasingly serious threat to global public health.”

Medical Daily—“This isn’t the only implication for the L. gasseri bacteria. Researchers are also hopeful to find similar-acting bacteria in different parts of the human body. “We think they still have bacteria producing the same drug, but it’s just a different bacterial species that lives in the mouth and has not yet been isolated,” lead researcher Micheal Fischbach told HuffPost. Even though the bacteria were harvested in females, researchers are confident it will have equal results when used in men.”

This Week in Ebola

It was a terrible week for Ebola, absolutely terrible. Above, we already learned that the UN Security Council declared the virus a threat to international peace and security, but that wasn’t all that happened. President Obama pledged 3,000 troops to fight Ebola in West Africa. The WHO said that the number of Ebola cases could begin doubling every three weeks and expressed concern about the black market trade of Ebola survivors’ blood. Eight aid workers and journalists were murdered in Guinea leaving many to fear that violence could stymy relief efforts and in Sierra Leone, the government instituted a three-day lockdown in order to help health care workers find and isolate patients.

Stories You May Have Missed

 

Image Credit: Wikimedia

Dr. Michael Smith at the September BPS Talk

by juliadhomstad, posted in Media Notes, Program News

WP_20140917_004On Wednesday, September 17, Dr. Michael Smith, Director of the Department of Defense’s Critical Reagents Program (CRP) was the first speaker in the GMU Biodefense Program’s Biodefense Policy Seminars for Fall 2014. Dr. Smith’s spoke on the “Ebola Virus Epidemic 2014: Where the Rubber Met the Roadmap.”

Dr. Smith discussed the role of the Critical Reagents Program (CRP) in DoD’s biodefense program and its role in the West African Ebola outbreak. CRP is responsible for the characterization, production, and distribution of reagents and consumables employed on deployed diagnostic and detection platforms and those under development by other programs. The CRP provides standardized assays which can detect the presence of certain biological agents such as bacteria or viruses to the U.S. Government, companies with U.S. government contracts, and foreign governments. The CRP also maintains a large collection of microbial cultures, antibodies, and antigens for research and development purposes.

During the 2012 Ebola outbreak in Uganda and Democratic Republic of Congo, Dr. Smith and his team learned that the assay they had developed to test for the Ebola virus did not detect that specific strain of virus effectively. Learning this enabled the CRP to re-work their testing, which has been of great benefit during this 2014 outbreak. When Ebola virus emerged in Guinea—the first time the disease had appeared in West Africa—CRP was able to provide the new tests—free of charge—to neighboring Sierra Leone before the first case emerged in that country.

Given Sierra Leone’s almost complete lack of public health laboratory capacity, diagnosis and treatment had been based solely on clinical judgment. Since the initial stages of Ebola virus disease are similar to the early signs of other diseases such as malaria, basing diagnosis on clinical presentation is unreliable. The pre-positioning of advanced diagnostic systems in Sierra Leone enabled the country to identify patients much more quickly than during previous Ebola outbreaks.

While the use of the new assays has enabled real time confirmation of virus, Dr. Smith discussed other obstacles to getting the outbreak under control. The medical system in Sierra Leone relies on family members providing patients with food and supplies at hospitals that have no electricity or air conditioning. In situations like this, many patients may stay home rather than going to a clinic or isolation unit. Because of this, it is very possible that the numbers of infections and deaths could be significantly higher than estimated. According to reports cited by Dr. Smith, an estimated 1 in 3 individuals infected with Ebola are not seeking medical attention. In densely populated cities in West Africa, this provides an opportunity for the unchecked spread of the disease.

Despite these obstacles, however, the relationships that CRP has forged on the ground in Sierra Leone to improve laboratory capacity and the accuracy and timeliness of diagnostic tests has allowed CRP to expand its fight against Ebola. CRP has been granted access to clinical data and samples from patients who have survived the disease. CRP and its interagency partners hope that the blood and sera of those patients can be used to create new therapeutics or a vaccine for the Ebola virus.

 

The GMU Biodefense Policy Seminars are monthly talks that are free and open to the public and feature leading figures from the academic, security, industry and policy fields discussing critical issues in biodefense. For more information, please visit https://pandorareport.org/events/biodefense-policy-seminar-series/.

Dr. Gregory Koblentz discusses Ebola on CTV News

by juliadhomstad, posted in Events, Media Notes, Program News

In case you haven’t watched the news today (or looked at a newspaper, or been on the internet), yesterday, President Obama pledged he would send 3,000 American military personnel to West Africa in order to help with the Ebola outbreak which is continues to ravage that region.

George Mason University Biodefense Deputy Director, Dr. Gregory Koblentz was on CTV News this morning to discuss the continuing outbreak and reaction to the President’s decision.

Watch Dr. Koblentz’s interview here. 

If you’re interested in learning more about the West African Ebola outbreak, join us tonight at 7:00 for the September Biodefense Policy Seminar featuring Dr. Michael Smith, of the Department of Defense, who will discuss, “Biosurveillance and the Atypical Epidemic: The 2014 West African Ebola Epidemic”. The talk will be held at the GMU Fairfax Campus in Research Hall room 163.

Ailments and Age Groups: What Makes Illness Age Dependent?

by juliadhomstad, posted in News

By Chris Healey

An uncommon and underreported virus has affected children in states across America. State health departments around the country have reported an unusual number of enterovirus D68 infections this season. Many hospitalizations – but no deaths – have been reported.

Enterovirus D68 was first isolated in California in 1962 from four children with pneumonia. Enteroviruses generally inflict a wide range of symptoms, but species D68 almost exclusively affects the respiratory system. D68 also shares genetic similarity with rhinoviruses—the viral species responsible for the common cold.

Past outbreaks of enterovirus D68 have occurred mostly in children. Although health experts aren’t sure why children are vulnerable to the illness relative to other age groups, the answer probably lies with the immune system. Age effects immune function. In prepubescence, the immune system is immature and naïve toward host threats. In old age, deterioration of essential immune system tissues – such as bone marrow – contribute to immune system decline.

Due to dampened immunity in childhood and late adulthood, illness is more common – and more often fatal. However, one historical exception stands out: the Spanish Flu of 1918.

Flu subtypes undergo antigenic drift, a process resulting in subtle genetic changes prompting the need for new flu vaccines each year. However, the Spanish Flu of 1918 was a result of dramatic genetic change called antigenic shift. The result was a new subtype to which the population had no immunity.

Many health experts consider the Spanish Flu of 1918 the worst pandemic in history – with at least 40 million deaths worldwide. By comparison, the Black Death was responsible for 25 million deaths. The Spanish Flu pandemic was caused by a direct transmission of influenza subtype H1N1 from bird to human.

The Spanish Flu of 1918 was unique because of its W-shaped mortality curve. When Spanish Flu mortality among age groups are plotted on an x-y axis – with x as age groups and y as specific death rate – the graph shows there were more deaths among the 18-to-40-age group than any other. That trend is unusual – 18-to-40 age groups typically have the highest immune function of all age groups, providing the greatest defense against pathogens.
For the Spanish Flu, the immune system actually worked against the host. The immune system reacted so violently to the novel Spanish Flu that it damaged the host more than the flu infection itself, leaving those with the strongest immune systems – ages 18-to-40 – most grievously affected.

 

Image Credit: Fox6Now

Week in DC: Events

by juliadhomstad, posted in Events, Week In DC

September 15, 2014

Squaring the Iranian Nuclear Circle: Defining Uranium Enrichment Capacity and Other Key Issues
Date: September 15, 9:30am
Location: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Root Room, 1779 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington DC

Next week, negotiators from the United States, other world powers, and Iran will resume talks in New York to try to reach a comprehensive nuclear deal.

While significant progress has already been made on a number of key issues, negotiators remain far apart on how to define the size and scope of Iran’s uranium enrichment program. But a win-win formula is possible, if both sides are willing to be creative and move beyond maximalist positions.

At this briefing, three leading experts will outline the key issues, the major hurdles, the political dynamics inside Iran, and realistic options for getting to “yes” — including a new Arms Control Association/International Crisis Group proposal on how to define Iran’s uranium enrichment program under a comprehensive deal.

Register here.

Dirty Entanglements: Corruption, Crime, and Terrorism
Date: September 15, 12:00pm
Location: George Mason University School of Policy, Government, and International Affairs,Founders Hall, Room 111, 3351 Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA

TraCCC’s director will discuss her newly-published book, Dirty Entanglements: Corruption, Crime, and Terrorism, that provides insight into many of the world’s current crises. The book asserts that the entangled threat of crime, corruption, and terrorism deserves high-level attention because of its growth trajectory. Using lively case studies, this book analyzes the transformation of crime and terrorism and the business logic of terrorism. Louise I. Shelly concludes that corruption, crime, and terrorism will remain important security challenges in the twenty-first century as a result of economic and demographic inequalities in the world, the rise of ethnic and sectarian violence, climate change, the growth of technology, and the failure of nineteenth- and twentieth-century institutions to respond to these challenges when they emerged.

RSVP here.

American Isolationism: Is it a Myth or a Reality?
Date: September 15, 12:30pm
Location: Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 6th Floor Conference Room, 1300 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Washington DC

Journalists, policymakers, and pundits are once again debating whether Americans have turned away from the world. Officials from both sides of the aisle warn about an “isolationism dictated by the past.”

Contrary to this conventional view, new survey results from The Chicago Council on Global Affairs show most still want the U.S. to play an active role in the world. As global troubles brew in Iraq, Syria and Ukraine, what kind of foreign policy do Americans want? What do they see as the most effective ways to achieve US foreign policy goals?

Join us for the release of The Chicago Council’s 40th anniversary survey of Americans on foreign policy issues. Our expert panel will discuss the data, what it means for the future of US policy, and what policymakers should learn from the public.

RSVP here.

Nuclear Weapons Testing: History, Progress, Challenges
Date: September 15, 12:30pm
Location: U.S. Institute of Peace, 2301 Constitution Ave NW, Washington DC

The Embassy of Kazakhstan, the Embassy of Canada, Green Cross International, the Atom Project, and the Arms Control Association invite you to a mini-conference examining the human and security dimensions of nuclear testing, as well as the progress achieved to bring an end to nuclear weapons test explosions.

With presentations from: Ernest Moniz, U.S. Secretary of Energy  Rose Gottemoeller, U.S. Undersecretary of State for Arms Control and Intl. Security  Lt. Gen. Frank G. Klotz, U.S. Undersecretary of Energy and NNSA Administrator  Dr. Lassina Zerbo, Executive Secretary of the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization

Following the event, a reception for participants will be held at USIP.

RSVP here.

September 16, 2014

Syrian Displacement: Views from the Region
Date: September 16, 10:00am
Location: Brookings Institution, Saul/ Zilkha Rooms, 1775 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington DC

There are now more than three million Syrian refugees seeking protection and survival in the region. The initial generosity of host governments is increasingly challenged as the presence of the refugees puts strains on public services, infrastructure, housing stocks and political cohesion. Solutions to the bloody conflict appear more distant than ever and it is likely that the refugees will not be able to return to their homes in the near future. In Syria itself, over six million people have been displaced within their country’s borders and the United Nations estimates that over nine million people are in need of humanitarian assistance.

On September 16, the Brookings-LSE Project on Internal Displacement and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) will present a first-hand view of Syria’s displacement crisis. Speakers will include Carol Batchelor of UNHCR Turkey, Brian Hansford of UNHCR and Andrew Tabler of the Washington Institute for Near East Policy. Elizabeth Ferris, senior fellow and co-director of the Brookings-LSE Project on Internal Displacement will moderate the event and offer opening remarks.

After the program, the panelists will take audience questions.

Register here.

U.S. Counterterrorism Assistance: Challenges and Opportunities from Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa
Date: September 6, 12:30pm
Location: Dirksen Senate Office Building, Room G-11

With the President’s announcement of a $5 billion Counterterrorism Partnerships Fund in late May, the Obama administration is greatly expanding U.S. foreign security assistance to combat terrorism around the world. Yet, reports on similar U.S. counterterrorism assistance in the past have shown many challenges with such assistance. Some of these challenges include U.S. trained military units being ineffective in addressing the security threat to the same forces committing serious human rights violations. By highlighting research and assessments done on U.S. counterterrorism assistance to countries in Latin America, the Middle East and Africa, this briefing will provide needed details on these challenges as well as opportunities to more effectively provide such U.S. security assistance.

Please join us for a discussion with: Dafna Rand, Leon E. Panetta Fellow and Deputy Director of Studies, Center for a New American Security; Adam Isacson, Senior Associate for Regional Security Policy, Washington Office on Latin America; Lesley Anne Warner, Africa Political-Military Analyst.

RSVP here.

September 17, 2014 

Subcommittee Hearing: Global Efforts to Fight Ebola
Date: September 17, 10:00am
Location: U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs, Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations, 2172 Rayburn House Office Building, Washington DC 20515

Chairman Smith on the hearing: “This latest outbreak of the Ebola virus has far outpaced all previous outbreaks.  Because of various challenges heretofore unseen, such as urban infections, cross-border transmissions and increasing infections and deaths of health care workers, the current outbreak is expanding exponentially.  This hearing will examine the problems faced by the global coalition to fight Ebola. We will hear directly from the National Institutes of Health, the FDA and an American doctor who contracted and survived Ebola, and other witnesses.” 

Witnesses include: Anthony S. Fauci, M.D., Director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases at the National Institutes of Health in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Luciana Borio, M.D., Director of the Office of Counterterrorism and Emerging Threats in the Office of the Chief Scientist at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Kent Brantly, M.D., Medical Missionary from Samaritan’s Purse and Ebola survivor; Chinua Akukwe, M.D., Chair of the Africa Working Group at the National Academy of Public Administration; Mr. Ted Alemayhu, Founder & Executive Chairman of U.S. Doctors for Africa.

Deal or No Deal: How To Negotiate Successful Nuclear Agreements
Date: September 17, 2:30pm
Location: Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 1300 Pennsylvania Ave, 5th Floor, Washington DC

When are nuclear agreements successfully negotiated? A combination of factors—technical, domestic political, and strategic—enabled Washington and New Delhi to conclude a civil nuclear accord in 2008. The US-India case offers useful lessons for negotiations in progress with Iran, and for possible future nuclear accommodation with Pakistan and North Korea (along with other cases such as South Korea, which seeks reprocessing rights). What conditions would enable such agreements to advance through the US political system and that of its negotiating partners? Would partial agreements be more domestically acceptable than comprehensive ones? Dinshaw Mistry, author of the new book The US-India Nuclear Agreement: Diplomacy and Domestic Politics, will discuss the India case. Robert Litwak will talk about Iran, Michael Krepon will address Pakistan, and Joel Wit will speak about North Korea.

RSVP here.

Biosurveillance and the Atypical Epidemic: The 2014 West African Ebola Epidemic
Date: September 17, 7:30pm
Location: George Mason University, Fairfax Campus, Research Hall 163

Dr. Michael Smith is the Director of the Critical Reagents Program (CRP) within the Medical Countermeasure Systems Joint Project Management Office (MCS JPMO) headquartered at Fort Detrick, Maryland. In this role, he manages the characterization, production, and distribution of reagents and consumables employed on deployed platforms and those under development by other programs.

Previously, he served in the United States Army’s 75th Ranger Regiment. He has also held several positions at the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA), including senior science and technology manager and most recently, acting division chief, Diagnostic and Disease Surveillance Division of the Joint Science and Technology Office. In December 2011, Dr. Smith became the director of the CRP within the Chemical Biological Medical Systems (CBMS) JPMO where he continued to serve through the transition of CBMS into the MCS JPMO. Mr. Smith assumed his current role as Director of the CRP in June 2013.

Dr. Smith earned a bachelor’s degree in Microbiology from the Pennsylvania State University. He continued his education and attained both a master’s degree and a doctor of philosophy degree in Molecular Microbiology from Yale University.

September 19, 2014

The Russia-China Axis
Date: September 19, 12:30pm
Location: Freedom House, 1301 Connecticut Ave, 4th Floor Conference Room, Washington DC

Freedom House is pleased to host Douglas Schoen to discuss his new book, The Russia-China Axis. He sees the United States as a nation in crisis, rendered nearly impotent by ongoing partisan warfare and unprepared to face an unprecedented partnership developing between Russia and China. From their support for rogue regimes in Iran, North Korea, and Syria to their military buildups and aggressive use of cyber warfare and intelligence theft, Moscow and Beijing are playing the game for keeps. Only a rebirth of American global leadership can counter the corrosive impact of this antidemocratic alliance.

Mr. Schoen is an influential Democratic campaign consultant, who was named Pollster of the Year in 1996 for his contributions to President Bill Clinton’s reelection campaign. His clients have included Mayor Michael Bloomberg, British Prime Minister Tony Blair, and three Israeli Prime Ministers. He is the author of multiple books and is a regular contributor to the Wall Street Journal, Washington Post, and other media outlets. He also serves on Freedom House’s Board of Trustees.

RSVP here.

Pandora Report 9.13.14

by juliadhomstad, posted in Pandora Report

This week we look at a report that claims DHS is not prepared for a pandemic and information about Chemical Weapons in Syria, still. We also have an Ebola update, and if you’re interested in learning more about the West African outbreak, join us Wednesday for our September Biodefense Policy Seminar!

Have a great weekend!

Homeland ill-prepared for Pandemic, Doesn’t Even Have Enough Drugs to Protect Secret Service

In a recently released report, the Office of the Inspector General claims that “the Department of Homeland Security may not be able to provide sufficient pandemic preparedness supplies to its employees to continue operations during a pandemic.” DHS, however, has disagreed with much of the report claiming it misrepresents the agency’s preparedness for an outbreak.

The Washington Times—“One of the biggest problems, investigators said, is that most of the stockpiles are of antiviral drugs that are expiring. By the end of 2015, the IG said that 81 percent of Homeland Security’s stockpiled antiviral medication will be past its shelf life. In addition, 84 percent of the agency’s stock of hand sanitizer has already expired, some batches by as long as four years, inspectors said.”

Watchdog Says Chlorine Gas Used as a Chemical Weapon in Syria

The Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons reports that chlorine gas was used “systematically and repeatedly” as a weapon in northern Syria earlier this year. U.S. officials say that the Assad regime is the only force capable of launching such an attack. Even after the destruction of Syria’s chemical weapons stockpiles, chlorine is not a forbidden substance under the CWC. However, the use of any chemical as a weapon is prohibited by the CWC. This news comes among concerns that any hidden weapons stockpiles may fall into the hands of terrorist or extremist groups, like ISIS

The Wall Street Journal—“The OPCW team traveled to the sites of attacks and interviewed victims, doctors and witnesses. According to the report, victims’ symptoms and the effect of the gas led the mission ‘to conclude with a high degree of confidence that chlorine, either pure or in mixture, is the toxic chemical in question.’”

This Week in Ebola

Another American Ebola patient was sent to Emory University in Atlanta for treatment and American Ebola survivor Dr. Kent Brantly donated blood to the American patient, Dr. Rick Sacra, who is being treated in Nebraska. The thought is that Dr. Brantly’s blood will help confer passive immunity to Dr. Sacra. On last Sunday’s Meet the Press, President Obama pledged U.S. military assistance in setting up isolation units and providing security for health workers in West Africa but House Republicans indicated they would provide less than half of the White House’s requested funding for fighting Ebola. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundations has pledged to contribute $50 million to support emergency efforts to contain the outbreak in West Africa. There were reports this week of a U.S. air marshal who was injected with a syringe at the Lagos Airport in Nigeria. Though it appears that the syringe was not infected with Ebola, it has caused fears that Ebola could be used as a weapon. All of this comes at a time when disease modelers at Northeastern University predict that as many as 10,000 cases of Ebola could be detected by the end of the month and there have been 60 cases resulting in 35 deaths from the Ebola outbreak in Congo.

Image Credit: WGBH News

September 2014 Biodefense Policy Seminar

by juliadhomstad, posted in Biodefense Policy Seminar

Title: Biosurveillance and the Atypical Epidemic: The 2014 West African Ebola Epidemic
Speaker: Dr. Michael Smith, Director of the Critical Reagents Program (CRP) within the Medical Countermeasure Systems Joint Project Management Office, Department of Defense
Date: Wednesday, September 17, 2014
Time: 7:30 – 9:00pm; food will be served at 7:00pm
Location: George Mason University, Fairfax Campus, Research Hall 163

September BPSDr. Michael Smith is the Director of the Critical Reagents Program (CRP) within the Medical Countermeasure Systems Joint Project Management Office (MCS JPMO) headquartered at Fort Detrick, Maryland. In this role, he manages the characterization, production, and distribution of reagents and consumables employed on deployed platforms and those under development by other programs.

Previously, he served in the United States Army’s 75th Ranger Regiment. He has also held several positions at the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA), including senior science and technology manager and most recently, acting division chief, Diagnostic and Disease Surveillance Division of the Joint Science and Technology Office. In December 2011, Dr. Smith became the director of the CRP within the Chemical Biological Medical Systems (CBMS) JPMO where he continued to serve through the transition of CBMS into the MCS JPMO. Mr. Smith assumed his current role as Director of the CRP in June 2013.

Dr. Smith earned a bachelor’s degree in Microbiology from the Pennsylvania State University. He continued his education and attained both a master’s degree and a doctor of philosophy degree in Molecular Microbiology from Yale University.

Week in DC: Events

by juliadhomstad, posted in Events, Week In DC

September 8, 2014 

Countering Terrorism in Pakistan’s Megacities: Exploring the Role of the Pakistan Police
Date: September 8, 10:00am
Location: U.S. Institute of Peace, 2301 Constitution Ave NW, Washington DC

Violence from terrorism, secessionist insurgency, sectarian conflict and ethnic turf wars is escalating in Pakistan’s megacities. Yet while the police force and its personnel remain ill-prepared and poorly equipped to meet the challenge, even skeptics recognize that police and law enforcement are the single most important institution in facing Pakistan’s counterterrorism challenge.

On September 8th, the U.S. Institute of Peace will convene a panel to explore ways to increase the capacity of Pakistan’s local police to counter terrorism in the nation’s urban centers. Reflecting findings from the USIP Special Report, “A Counter Terrorism Role for Pakistan’s Police Stations,” this panel will discuss the role of Pakistan’s local police in combating the country’s endemic violence and provide recommendations for ways in which Pakistan’s government and the international community can assist the police going forward.

RSVP here.

Ethics and Ebola: Challenges for Care Givers and for Public Health
Date: September 8, 12:15pm
Location: Johns Hopkins Hospital, 2117 Chevy Chase Conference Center, Sheik Sayed Tower, Baltimore, MD

Has the response to the Ebola outbreak thus far met ethical standards? As the crisis deepens, what is an ethically appropriate plan for addressing the needs of patients, caregivers, and those at risk if the virus spreads?

As the Ebola epidemic continues to worsen, the Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics is dedicating its first bioethics seminar of the 2014-2015 academic year to the complex issues with a panel of experts on bioethics, epidemiology, and health systems.

Panelists: Nancy Kass, professor of bioethics and public health; Trish Perl, epidemiologist and professor of medicine; and Tim Roberton, a doctoral student at the Bloomberg School of Public Health who worked at the Ebola outbreak epicenter in Guinea in July.

This event is open to all; lunch will be provided for those in attendance. It will also be broadcast on the Johns Hopkins UStream channel.

U.S. Policy on Asia: Where Do We Go From Here?
Date: September 8, 5:00pm
Location: The George Washington University’s Elliot School of International Affairs, 1957 E Street NW, Washington DC

The George Washington University’s Sigur Center for Asian Studies and The Institute for Communitarian Policy Studies invite you to “US Policy on Asia: Where do we go from here,” with Dr. Kurt Campbell, Former Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs and current Chairman/CEO of The Asia Group. The lecture will be followed by a discussion with Amitai Etzioni and then with the audience. The event is free and open to the public, but registration is required. To register, send an e-mail with your name and affiliation to icps.gwu.events@gmail.com.

The Turbulent Middle East: A Dialogue with Amb. Dennis Ross and Former Deputy National Security Advisor Elliott Abrams
Date: September 8, 7:00pm
Location: Georgetown University, Copley Hall, Copley Formal Lounge, 37th and O Street NW, Washington DC

Ambassador Dennis Ross is Distinguished Professor in the Practice of Diplomacy at Georgetown University and is the William Davidson Distinguished Fellow, Counselor at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy.

Elliott Abrams is an Adjunct for the Program for Jewish Civilization and is Senior Fellow for Middle Eastern Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations.

Ambassador Robert Gallucci, Distinguished Professor in the Practice of Diplomacy and former Dean of the SFS, will conduct the interview.

Register here.

September 9, 2014 

Iran Negotiations Update: Verification vs. Breakout Capacity
Date: September 9, 9:30am
Location: Atlantic Council, 103o 15th Street NW, 12th Floor, West Tower, Washington DC

Does a trade-off exist between more intensive verification measures placed on Iran’s nuclear program and the size of Iran’s enrichment capacity? With a new November 24 deadline for agreement, the Iranians have argued that more transparency should resolve concerns about breakout capacity – the ability to make enough fissile material for a nuclear weapon without rapid outside detection. The five permanent members of the UN Security Council plus Germany (P5+1) want limitations on the number and quality of Iran’s centrifuges to lengthen any potential breakout period. Iran may balk at these limits. Please join the Atlantic Council’s South Asia Center for a briefing on the ongoing negotiations with Iran and how some of these outstanding issues could be resolved.

The Iran Task Force, chaired by Ambassador Stuart E. Eizenstat, seeks to perform a comprehensive analysis of Iran’s internal political landscape, its role in the region and globally, and any basis for an improved relationship with the West. ITF is supported generously by the Ploughshares Fund.

Register here.

Putinism: The World According to Vladimir Putin
Date: September 9, 12:00pm
Location: Women’s Foreign Policy Group, 1615 M Street NW, Washington DC

Jill Dougherty is a Public Policy Scholar at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. In January 2014, she was selected as a fellow at the Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy at Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy School of Government. She previously served as a CNN Correspondent and reported from more than 50 countries, including Russia, Iraq, Afghanistan, China and North Korea. Dougherty joined CNN when it was just beginning three decades ago. In her career at the network she served as Moscow Bureau Chief and Correspondent, White House Correspondent, Managing Editor Asia/Pacific based in Hong Kong, Foreign Affairs Correspondent and US Affairs Editor based in Washington, DC. Her strongest interest and area of expertise is Russia. From the moment she began learning the Russian language at age 13, Russia has been Dougherty’s passion. From her bachelor’s study in Slavic Languages and Literature at the University of Michigan—and subsequent study at Leningrad State University (Vladimir Putin’s alma mater)—to her graduate studies at Georgetown University where she wrote her thesis on Putin’s Soft Power Diplomacy, she has studied, worked and lived in Russia, in pursuit of understanding what Churchill called “a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma.” As an expert on Russia she appears frequently on CNN, has been featured in a TedX program, and her articles have appeared in Politico and the Huffington Post, among other publications.

Space is limited. Advance registration is required and tickets are $25 for WFPG Members, $35 for Non-Members. Click here to register. 

September 10, 2014

9/11 and the Future of U.S. Foreign Policy: A Speech by Vice President Richard B. Cheney
Date: September 10, 10:00am
Location: American Enterprise Institute, 1150 17th Street NW, 12th Floor, Washington DC

This September 11 marks 13 years since the terrorist attacks in New York City; Washington, DC; and Pennsylvania. Although a daring special operations mission has since taken out Osama bin Laden, the world is a much more dangerous place now than it was then. A staggering unfolding of foreign crises has left Iraq on the verge of state failure, enabled al Qaeda and the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria to metastasize across the Middle East and North Africa, and ignited fierce battles between Gaza and Israel.

Three years ago, former Vice President Richard B. Cheney sat down at AEI for a conversation about the 9/11 attacks, lessons learned and not learned, and the way forward. Ahead of the anniversary of 9/11, AEI welcomes Vice President Cheney back to deliver remarks on the current state and future of American foreign policy.

RSVP here.

World War One: What Were They Thinking? Lessons From the Catastrophe
Date: September 10, 12:30pm
Location: Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 1300 Pennsylvania Ave NW, 6th Floor, Washington DC

Why did a small number of European statesmen take the world into the seminal catastrophe of the Great War? The German Chancellor Otto Bismarck had warned in 1880 that “some damned foolish thing in the Balkans” might lead to a terrible war. The shots at Sarajevo did just that a hundred years ago. What have we learned?

RSVP here.

Ukraine: Summer’s Over
Date: September 10, 2:00pm
Location: Institute of World Politics, 1521 16th Street NW, Washington DC

As the fall semester begins at IWP, the Kościuszko Chair of Polish Studies will resume its Intermarium Lecture Series with Dr. Marek Jan Chodakiewicz’s presentation on Ukraine. Having explored the crisis-riven Central and Eastern European country in July, Dr. Chodakiewicz will share his observations on the situation in post-Maidan Ukraine, including the eastern Donetsk region plagued by a Russian-supported irredentist insurgency and the area of the MH17 crash site.

Register here.

Destroying Syria’s Chemical Weapons: One Year Later
Date: September 10, 3:00pm
Location: Center for Strategic and International Studies, 1616 Rhode Island Ave NW, 212 B Conference Room, Washington DC

Among the many atrocities of the Syrian civil war, the use of chemical weapons stands out as particularly brutal. The Assad regime’s accession to the Chemical Weapons Convention last year and the subsequent destruction of its declared chemical arsenal has helped reduce the risk of chemical weapons use again in that region. Destroying that arsenal quickly, securely and safely in a war-torn country, however, presented huge challenges. The U.S. role in mobilizing and coordinating the international response, as well as in the operational destruction of hundreds of tons of dangerous chemicals aboard the U.S. M/V Cape Ray, was a key factor in the success of the operation.

Please join us on September 10th as we look at how the United States helped rid Syria of chemical weapons and the lessons learned.

Register here.

The Militarization of Policing in Comparative Perspective
Date: September 10, 3:00pm
Location: AU School of International Service, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Abramson Family Founders Room, Washington DC

GGPS will be hosting a panel discussion on “The Militarization of Policing in Comparative Perspective” with panelists Professor Jessica Trisko Darden and Professor Cathy Schneider. Discussion topics will include Indonesia, the US and France and a country from MENA or Africa.

Register here. 

September 11, 2014

TBD

September 12, 2014

TBD

Pandora Report 9.6.14

by juliadhomstad, posted in Pandora Report

This week we cover dengue in Japan, dog flu in NYC, more forgotten lethal specimens in government labs, and of course, an Ebola update.

Canine Influenza Cases Spreading in Manhattan

Flu season is rapidly approaching, and evidently, it doesn’t only affect humans. Veterinarians in Manhattan have reported cases throughout the borough. The cases are likely due to dogs playing with other infected dogs at parks and dog runs. Vets warn owners to watch for coughing dogs and if they are present to take their dog to another area. The good news is, just like their human counterparts, dogs, too, can receive a flu vaccine.

The Gothamist—“According to the ASPCA, symptoms include coughing, sneezing, difficulty breathing, fever, lethargy and loss of appetite; most dogs will recover within a month, but secondary infections like pneumonia can be problematic.”

 

New Cases of Dengue Fever Should be a Wake-Up Call for Japan

As many as 70 people in Japan have been infected with Dengue fever—traditionally, a disease found in tropical climates—the country’s first outbreak since 1945. The diagnoses prompted authorities to fumigate an area of Yoyogi Park in Tokyo’s Shibuya Ward, which was the apparent source of the infections. Dengue fever is transmitted by mosquitos and produces an extremely high fever and pain in the joints. The disease is not transmitted person to person.

The Asahi Shimbun—“The most effective way to deal with a global dengue epidemic is to step up the efforts to exterminate mosquitoes in countries with a large number of patients, especially in urban areas.”

 

Forgotten Vials of Ricin, Plague, and Botulism found in U.S. Government Lab 

A strong feeling of deja vu hit this week when we learned about yet another case of forgotten vials of dangerous pathogens at U.S. labs. In this case, the containers were discovered during an investigation of NIH facilities after scientists found vials of smallpox earlier this summer. This search discovered a century (!!) old bottle of ricin, as well as samples of tularemia and meliodosis. The FDA also reported they found an improperly stored sample of staphylococcus enterotoxin.

The Independent—“The NIH does have laboratories that are cleared to use select agents, and those pathogens are regularly inventoried, the director of research services Dr. Alfred Johnson said. However, these samples were allowed to be stored without regulation.”

 

This Week in Ebola

We learned that new cases of Ebola in Democratic Republic of Congo are genetically unrelated to the West African strain and that researchers from the Broad Institute and Harvard are working to sequence and analyze virus genomes from the West African outbreak. Senegal is working hard to manage contacts with the Guinean student who tested positive for the virus in the capital, Dakar. Human trials of an Ebola vaccine continued in the U.S. and are planned to take place in Mali, the U.K., and Gambia. A third American infected with Ebola will return to the U.S. and will be treated at a Nebraska medical containment unit which was built for the SARS outbreak. I read an article that hypothesized that Ebola may be able to be transmitted sexually which could account for a high number of cases, while the Washington Post pointed to the fact that the West Africa outbreak is drawing attention from diseases which are more widespread and kill more people—it’s the Kardashian of diseases. Lastly, CDC Director Dr. Thomas Frieden said that this outbreak of Ebola is “threatening the stability” of affected and neighboring countries, and Dr. Daniel Lucey, of the Georgetown University Medical Center, predicts that the current outbreak “will go on for more than a year, and will continue to spread unless a vaccine or other drugs that prevent or treat the disease are developed.”

 

Image Credit: Wikimedia Commons

Reston Ebola: NOVA’s Namesake Emerging Infectious Disease

by juliadhomstad, posted in News

By Chris Healey

Almost 25 years before the 2014 Ebola epidemic began spreading through West Africa – and the resulting treatment of two American Ebola patients on U.S. soil – public health officials responded to an Ebola outbreak inside the U.S.

Reston Ebola is the name given to an Ebola species discovered among macaque monkeys in a pharmaceutical research company’s primate quarantine unit in Reston, VA.

In 1989, a veterinarian at Hazelton Research Products, a pharmaceutical research company, contacted the United States Army Institute of Infectious Diseases at Fort Detrick, MD, concerning an unusually high mortality rate among macaques in a shipment from the Philippines. The veterinarian wanted USAMRIID to confirm suspected simian hemorrhagic fever, a viral illness lethal to primates but innocuous to humans. Tests on macaque carcasses unexpectedly showed signs of a deadly filovirus infection – Ebola hemorrhagic fever virus.

Initially, Ebola species Zaire – with mortality rates as high as 90%, and the cause of the 2014 African Ebola epidemic – was implicated as the agent at work. Faced with an unprecedented public health threat, state and federal health agencies converged on the primate quarantine facility in Reston. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention monitored quarantine facility employees for Ebola symptoms. USAMRIID euthanized primates and sterilized the quarantine facility.

Comprehensive tests later identified the Zaire species identification as an error – Reston Ebola was a new species incapable of infecting humans. However, the enormous public health response was not unwarranted.

Unlike other Ebola species, researchers suspected Reston Ebola demonstrated airborne transmission at the quarantine facility. The longer the virus remained in human presence, the longer it was given opportunities to adapt. If Reston Ebola were to adapt to humans with airborne communicability it would pose a catastrophic public health risk.

Although no quarantine facility employees demonstrated Ebola-like symptoms during the 1989 outbreak, six workers produced Reston Ebola antibodies, meaning the virus elicited an immune response. Reston Ebola’s quick eradication was paramount to ensure that the virus—with its suspected airborne communicability—did not adapt to humans.

Restriction of the 2014 African Ebola epidemic to only a few countries has been attributed to the limited means of Ebola virus transmission. All Ebola species which affect humans are communicable only through direct contact with an infected person or their bodily fluids. Airborne transmission would increase viral spread and undermine containment efforts.

 

Image Credit